12V simba nerubatsiro nemaoko avo. Homemade PSU: Scheme

Zvibereko chikwata 12V simba wedzerai nemaoko avo pachavo handiyo kuoma, asi nekuda kwaizvozvi unofanira kudzidza zvimwe dzidziso. Zvikurukuru, mumwe nodes rinosanganisira chidhina neimwe ichocho iyo rinoenderana chigadzirwa, dzinokosha parameters neimwe. Zvinokoshawo kuziva zvaunoda kushandisa transformers. Kana pasina rakakodzera, unogona Washington dzisiri ichitenderera oga kuita zvinodiwa goho voltage. Zvinobatsira kudzidza pamusoro nzira etching akadhindwa redunhu mapuranga, uyewo pamusoro pagadzirwe simba yokuchengetera redzimba.

The simba zvitengeswa zvinoriumba

The chikuru chinhu chipi simba nerubatsiro - iri idanho-pasi transformer. Uchibatsirwa kwayo zvinoitika mains voltage kuderera (220 V) kusvika 12 V. The zvivako yakakurukura pazasi zvinogona kushandiswa senzira nokuzvidzora yaakaita rewound transformer yechipiri ichitenderera uye apedza zvinhu pasina upgrading. Zvinokosha chete kufunga zvose zvinhu uye kuita zvakarurama kukarukureta ari chikamu waya uye uwandu muchichinjana.

Chechipiri chinhu kukosha - imwe rectifier. It chakagadzirwa mumwe, vaviri kana ina semiconductor diodes. It kunobva mhando zano, umo simba wedzerai yava Homemade. Somuenzaniso, nokuti Implementation ose voltage doubling zvinokosha kushandisa miviri semiconductor. Kuswatura pasina kuwedzera chete chete, asi zviri nani kushandisa bhiriji redunhu (zvose vari ndokudzora ripple richidzidzwa). Pashure rectifier hazvo kuvapo electrolytic capacitor. The aida pakaitika zener diode pamwe yakakodzera parameters, runoita kuti munhu yakagadzikana goho voltage.

Chii transformer

Transformers, rectifiers inoshandiswa kuti zvinotevera zvinoriumba:

1. Chinoumba (rinobva chinoumba wakaitwa ferromagnetic simbi).
2. Obmotu rezvebonde (chepuraimari). Powered by 220 volts.
3. A yechipiri ichitenderera (downshift). Rinoshandiswa kubatanidza rectifier.

Zvino ose okunze zvizere. The Musimboti zvingava upi chimiro, asi zvinowanza W-yakaumba U-zvakaumbwa. Ishoma toroidal, asi vane zvakasiyana specificity, rinowanzoshandiswa inverters (voltage inverters Somuenzaniso, kubvira 12 kusvika 220 volts) kupfuura kwakajairika kugadzirisa namano. 2Vanhu simba zvitengeswa chikwata 12b zvichakubatsirai chokuita kushandisa transformer ane W-zvakaumbwa kana U-zvakaumbwa core.

The windings unogona kurongwa vaviri pane mumwe (wokutanga chepuraimari, yechipiri uye pashure) nokuda pepuranga rimwe, uye vaviri Coils. Somuenzaniso, imwe transformer ane U-zvakaumbwa chinoumba pairi pane Coils maviri. On nomumwe wavo akaita ichitenderera hafu nesekondari windings. By unobatanidza zviteshi of transformer zvakabatana muna dzinotevedzana kunodiwa.

How kuti transformer kukarukureta

Toti akasarudza mhepo yedzimwe ichitenderera pamusoro transformer pachako. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kudzidza kukosha chikuru parameters - voltage, izvo zvinogona kubviswa pamwe chete akatendeuka. Iyi ndiyo nzira nyore kuti ungashandisa panguva kugadzirwa ari transformer. Zvikuru zvakaoma kuverenga ose parameters, kana vanga Hakungodi chete chesekondari, asi chikuru ichitenderera. Zvakakodzera kuziva kuti rinobva chikamu uye permeability zvivako. Kana count chinogumbura 12V 5Mumwe simba nerubatsiro pacharo, ichi ndicho kusarudza kuti vawanze yakarurama pane vakagadzirira ajairane parameters.

Primary ichitenderera vanodzungunyika kupfuura chesekondari, sezvo zvingava zvishoma zviuru majana ose dzakaonda waya. Zvinokwanisika kurerutsa dambudziko uye kuti mukaravhani simba nerubatsiro achishandisa rinokosha muchina.

Kuverenga divi yechipiri, zvakakodzera mhepo 10 majana ose waya, izvo kuzoshandisa. Unganidzai transformer nokuchengeta matanho okuzvidzivirira, batanidza mukuru ichitenderera kune zvakarukwa. Rova zvakasimba akayera voltage pamusoro yechipiri ichitenderera ari mhedziso vakawana kukosha kamura nenhamba 12, 10. Zvino pakugovana akagamuchira kukosha. Uye iwe kuwana nhamba muchichinjana hunodiwa kuti vaunze 12 volts. Unogona kuwedzera kuripa zvishoma ari voltage donhwe (zvinowedzera zvakakwana 10%).

Diodes nokuti Power Supply

Pakusarudza semiconductor diodes wakashandiswa rectifier simba nerubatsiro kunoenderana izvo mutengo zvinokosha kuwana parameters ari transformer. The kukuru simba magetsi ari yechipiri coils, ivo diodes zvikuru simba rinofanira kushandiswa. Zvatinofarira kunopiwa kune mitezo iyo anogadzirwa pachishandiswa nesilicon. Asi haufaniri kutora yakakwirira, sezvo vasina chinangwa kushandiswa kugadzirisa namano. chinangwa chavo chikuru - mukuru-Frequency chiratidzo kuonekwa ari redhiyo kugamuchirwa uye kuparadzira namano.

The yakanaka mhinduro kuti yakaderera-simba simba romugove - ndiko kushandiswa diode arrays, simba 12V 5Mumwe simba vanogona kuiswa pasuru duku zvikuru. Diode Arrays - kuva zvina semiconductor diodes. vari kushandiswa chete nokuda rectification kuti rakatumbuka ano. Kushanda navo zvikuru yamunenge, havafaniri kuita zvakawanda kwokubatana, zviri zvakakwana kushandisa maviri goho voltage kubva transformer yechipiri ichitenderera uye kubvisa kuramba rusingaperi.

voltage chengetedzo

Mushure mukugadzira ari transformer kunodiwa kuita nokuyerwa voltage panguva zviteshi waro yechipiri ichitenderera. Kana kwazvo 12 volts, zvakakodzera kuitisa Kudzikamiswa. Kunyange nyore chikwata 12V simba nerubatsiro haangavi kushanda pasina izvozvo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kukosha romugove voltage iri kugadzikana. Batanidza chimwe voltmeter pamadziro nzira yokubudisa uye kuita kuyerwa panguva dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, masikati, zvinogona kusvetuka kusvika volts 240, uye manheru patichaburukira kunyange 180. Zvose zvinoenderana mutoro pamusoro simba mutsetse.

Kana uri mukuru ichitenderera pamusoro transformer voltage nechakatsinhiwa, zvichava kusagadzikana uye yechipiri. Kuti aripire ichi, zvinokosha kushandisa mano inonzi voltage stabilizers. Muchiitiko ichi zvichibvira kushandisa zener diodes kuti yakakodzera ukoshi parameters (kuitika uye voltage). Zener yakatarwa, kunhonga zvakafanira zvinhu asati kuita 12V simba zvitengeswa.

Kunewo zvimwe "yepamusoro" zvinhu (KR142EN12 mhando), izvo kuva anoverengeka Zener diodes, uye pusa okunze. unhu hwavo vari nani zvikuru. Uyewo, panewo dzimwe dzomuzana dzakadaro namano. Unofanira kuva uchiziva zvinhu izvi vasati kuita 12V simba zvitengeswa yaunosarudza pachako.

Zvinoumba pulsed simba rinopiwa

Power zvokuyamura yakadaro zvinowanzoshandiswa pachedu makombiyuta. Vane mbiri goho voltages: 12 V - nokuti Zvifambiso zvokudya inobudisa 5 volts - nokuti nokushanda microprocessors nezvimwe namano. Kusiyana nyore simba rinopiwa zviri kuti goho mureza hakusi kugara, asi kupomba - yakaita imwe rectangle. Nguva yokutanga chiratidzo iri rechipiri ndiyo razero.

Panewo kusiyana mudziyo redunhu. Nokuti zvinoitika nokushanda nokuchinja simba wedzerai mukaravhani zvinoda rectification pamusoro mains voltage pasina richikwidibira kukosha kwayo (chiyamuro transformer is). Shandisa nokuchinja simba rinopiwa anogona kuva akazvimirira uye zvavanoshandisa upgraded dzomuzana - mabhatiri. Somugumisiro, mumwe anogona kuwana nyore bespereboynik, uye simba raro achaenderana parameters simba chikwata uye mhando mabhatiri kushandiswa.

How kuti risina kumiswa simba yaivakwanira?

Simba wedzerai rakakwana batanidza chimwe bhatiri mu zvakafanana, zvokuti kana magetsi ukashandukira zvose namano uchishanda zvakanaka. Apo chokuita simba romugove Network anoita uchiraira pamusoro bhatiri, nheyo zvakafanana nokushanda motokari simba rive. Zvino risina kumiswa simba romugove chikwata 12b iri akochonorwa kubva zvakarukwa voltage romugove kunoitika kwose midziyo kubva bhatiri.

Asi pane nguva apo unofanira kuwana goho riri mains voltage pakati 220 volts Somuenzaniso, nokuti munhu makombiyuta simba. Panyaya iyi zvinoda Kuturwa inverter redunhu - zano kuti Anochinja DC voltage 12 volts kuna AC 220. Dunhu iri kuoma kukunda kuti kungoti simba shoma, asi zvinogona unganidza.

KUTSVAGA uye clipping rokuti rakatumbuka

Chinokosha Nzvimbo yaigara filters mu rectifier michina. Tora Kutarira chinogumbura 12V simba wedzerai redunhu riri Inonyanya. It rine diode zambuko, capacitor kuramba. Filters akagura zvisingakoshi harmonics zvose, vachisiya simba romugove goho DC voltage. Somuenzaniso, nyore Sefa - chinhu electrolytic capacitor makuru vachikwanisa. Kana ukatarira kubasa kwake DC uye AC voltage, zviri pachena kuti huchishanda musimboti.

In aimbova nyaya ine vamwe mumweya vakaenzana wedunhu zvinogona ichatsiviwa wakaiswa resistor. Zvinokosha kuti kugarwa of Kirchhoff theorem no.

Kana yechipiri (apo rakatumbuka iyezvino Rwako) capacitor anova kondakita. Mune mamwe manzwi, zvinokwanisika kuti kutsiva bhiriji kuti haana kuramba. Zvichaita batanidza vose outputs. Pakuongorora uwane tinogona kuona kuti shanduka zvinoriumba achasiya, nokuti outputs dzakavharika kana iyezvino Rwako. Pachava chete chenguva dzose voltage. Uyezve, nokuti kukurumidza okuyerera capacitors vakaungana chikwata 12b nemaoko avo simba raunoda panguva mbudo kuti mukwanisi resistor dzakakwirira nemishonga (3-5 MW).

Kugadzira Housing

Nokuti kugadzirwa simba romugove kwedzimba akakodzera aruminiyamu pamakona uye mahwendefa. Chokutanga, unofanira kuiita marangwanda mamiriro, vakazochinja inogona akapfeka machira ane aruminiyamu zvakakodzera chimiro imwe mhando. rinogona kushandiswa sezvo yakanamirwa pamifananidzo simbi wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose kuderedza uremu, simba zvitengeswa. Revai chikwata 12b nemaoko avo pachavo simba izvi chinyorwa zvinhu nyore.

Akakodzera mutumbi microwave hovhoni. Chokutanga, simbi iri zvakakwana mutete uye chiedza. Chechipiri, kana muchiita zvinhu zvose zvakanaka, kuti pendi haringapiwi kukuvaradzwa, saka pakaita achava anoyevedza. Chechitatu, chakakura microwave muovheni Trim rakanyatsojeka guru, izvo anotibvumira chero muviri.

Kuita yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi

Gadzirira foil pcb iyi muitiro chicherwa rukoko ane mhinduro ine hydrochloric acid. Kana pasina zvakadai, zvinokwanisika kuti kushandisa electrolyte akadira kupinda mumotokari wacho bhatiri. nzira iyi zvichaita degrease pemvura. Basa inogadziriswa rabha Magorovhosi Chipfeko kuti usagunzva ganda, nokuti unogona kuwana chakakomba kutsva. Zvadaro, kusuka mvura pamwe kuwedzera pasoda (sipo kuti neutralize yacho acid). Uye iwe unogona kuita mufananidzo pamusoro pcb.

Ita mufananidzo sezvaungagona tichibatsirwa purogiramu yepakombiyuta chaiyo, kana manually. Kana pave dzose aibuda 12V 2Vanhu simba nerubatsiro pane kupomba, nhamba zvinhu zviri zvishoma. Ipapo substrate muenzaniso inogona kupiwa pamwe-software nokuda Modelling, rinofanira kushandiswa pemvura foil pamwe chiratidzo chechigarire. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti maviri kana matatu akaturikidzana, achipa yapfuura chakaoma. Migumisiro yakanaka inogona kupa varnish chikumbiro (semuenzaniso, chipikiri chiPolish). Chokwadi, mufananidzo anogona kubuda gogonera nokuda bhurasho.

Sezvo etch kubhadhara

Vakagadzirira uye waoma bhodhi panzvimbo ferric chloride mhinduro. Weight runofanira kuva vakadaro kuti yemhangura nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kugumbukira. Kana muitiro anononoka, Zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera wevasungwa kuti ferric chloride mumvura. Kana izvi zvikasashanda, wozoedza kudziyisa mhinduro. Nokuti ichi mhando mvura tangi, akaisa mukati mayo (kukanganwa kuti zvinodiwa yokuchengetera ari mapurasitiki kana girazi mudziyo) nechirongo kugadzirisa nokupisa simmer. mvura inopisa kudziyisa ari ferric chloride mhinduro.

Kana usina nguva yakawanda kana ferric chloride, shandisa musanganiswa munyu uye mhangura sulphate. The bhodhi rinogadzirirwa saizvozvo, pashure iyo anoiswa mukati mhinduro. Zvakaipira nzira - simba romugove bhodhi iri chinopinda zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinoda anenge zuva kupedzisa kunyangarika mhangura zvose kubva pcb pamusoro. Asi nokushaiwa chinhu nani, unogona kushandisa pfungwa iyi.

Kubhururuka zvinoriumba

Mushure etching nzira, unofanira pavaisukira puranga, bvisai runodzivirira penzira, kuti degrease navo. Chiratidzo nzvimbo dzose okunze, vanochera makomba kwavari. Anopfuura 1,2-mm chibooreso ikakuruma harifaniri kushandiswa. Gadza zvinoriumba zvose uye solder navo Makwara. Shure kwaizvozvo, zvose makwara netini viomak layer t. E. Kuti tinning. Block 12b nemaoko avo pachavo simba tinning kugadzwa nezvemakwara kuchapedza nemi kwenguva refu.