Zvisingavaki muviri - nhoroondo uye kuzvikudza Chinese nezvikepe

Havasi vose vaigona kunzwa shoko "zvisingavaki muviri". Asi vaya vakarinzwa kekutanga, pamwe achishamisika zvazvinoreva. vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti zvinhu zvisingavaki muviri - a zvetsika Chinese chikepe, iro rine nhamba Misiyano kubva vamiririri European shipbuilding indasitiri. Zvino musiyano iri kuoneka Pakutanga, uye zvakare kudzidza chikepe ichi chinoshamisa.

nevamwe chitarisiko

Musiyano mukuru pakati zvisingavaki muviri nezvimwe zvikepe ndechokuti chikafu mudziyo uyu zvikuru kwazvo uye zvikuru chakakwirira. Panguva iyo mhino ane substantially rectangular chimiro, ndizvo chaizvo pasi. Pasinei kuenda, bhurasho Chinese chikepe aiva sandarara pasi. Izvi zvose zvakasikwa isina kujairika chitarisiko junks kuti zvinobudirira mukwanisi yokutanga maseiri uye zvetsika mifananidzo panhivi uye neshure. Kazhinji, pane vanoratidzwa makomo uye makore, uyewo yamakava uye nezvimwe zvisikwa ngano.

Nokuda rakadaro vazhinji hunhu zvisingavaki muviri - pamwe zviri zvikuru kucherechedzwa chikepe munyika uye panguva imwecheteyo rakasiyana, sezvo nezvikepe chinyakare European kushandiswa munyika dzakawanda, ane zviduku zvakafanana. Zvisinei, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana chikepe ichi - maererano mamwe manyuko, vanopfuura 300.

nyaya

Zita iri riri nowenyika zita zvetsika American rinobva Malay shoko Đồng, ndicho uori shoko yuzhnominskogo rwechiHebheru, zvichireva "mudziyo". Nemamwe mashoko, zvinhu zvisingavaki muviri - chikepe ichi pane Chokwadi, ndizvo.

Wekare ngano inoti kuti chikepe ichi mhando rokutanga hwakagadzwa kudenga Chinese pamambo Fu Hsi. Akararama muzana kure 29th remakore BC uye aizivikanwa kuti vagari venyika akapa akavanzika ruzivo, inobatsira kuti pave yebudiriro. Hazvishamisi Chinese zvisingavaki muviri airemekedzwa nevanhu East ari Kure South-East Asia, zvakadai chisikwa chipenyu, ane nevakwegura, unhu unhu norunako zvimwe mhando. Zvisinei, vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika chiwanzo chokudavira kuti junks wokutanga akazviratidza anenge 1000 makore asati munhambo yedu.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti China idukusa dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzave vanofarira kudzidza kure zvikamu penyanza, ngarava wokutanga zvomumvura akazviratidza pano. Uye raiva zvisingavaki muviri. Kugadzikana Its anobvumirwa kuita pachena mumvura hukuru zvose, asi nokukurumidza panguva iyoyo akaramba chaizvo diki.

kujairika maseiri

Nokuti mumwe chinonyanya chikuru ndechokuti junks ayo kujairika mhosva, uye mumwe ari wokutanga akaita kuti tifunge maseiri. Masts ari mungarava akadai, kazhinji kubva matatu shanu. Ivo dziri chinjikira bambu mapango, inova yokuisira womusangano maseiri. A vanoona wavo chakafanana dzinoshandisa - zvose externally uye Kumbofungatira hurongwa.

Pakutanga, maseiri dzaiitwa rutsanga nepanhovo, izvo akavaita rinorema kwazvo, saka zvisingavaki muviri panguva haana kujairana kuti kutsanya kushambira. Asi kudiwa hazvina. Asi anobvumira simba zvinhu seiri kutsungirira gusts kunyange mhepo yakasimba. Papera nhoo chikatsiviwa zvinyama zvakawedzera rapidity uye maneuverability.

Pakupera ari XIII remakore, China akashanyira Venetian achitengesa uye mufambi Marco Polo. Akaita rondedzero yakatodzama pakutanga chikepe Asian uye wacho akashamiswa kuti vamwe junks kuwedzera huripo masts mana aigona kuiswa haringakupembedzi, unogona dhipuroya munhu maseiri shoma.

junks muchiuto

Chii zvisingavaki muviri nokuda Chinese? Kazhinji ndiwo nemushambadziri chikepe kana zvifambiso. Zvikuru kashoma raishandiswa zvinangwa zvechiuto. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakaona inonakidza chokwadi: muna 16-17 emakore vakasuwa Chinese akaoneka Muganhu Portuguese, Dutch uye Japanese Pirates. Panzvimbo chekuunganidza navarwi uye ndivadzinge, Chinese akatendeukira akadhindwa yekare, vachipa mazano panyaya iyi. Kwete kuwana mhinduro yemubvunzo wako, vanhu China vakasarudza kusiya zvinhu sezvo ivo.

Zvisinei, chii zvisingavaki muviri, asi chikepe rakanakira zvechiuto chiito? Kutsiga chikepe unokubvumira urigadze kubva 5 July 12-pounders uye ichidzivirira chaiyo kuti kuchengetedzwa kubva mabara nemiseve. Panyaya iyi, vashandi vemo saizi yakanga vanhu 200 uye misha - matani 200.

Japanese junks

Junks, vakasikwa Japan, siyanei Chinese, kusanganisira externally. Pakutanga kumira kunze curvature pakati mativi uye akamutsa kumusoro inosimbisa mvura, akaturika pamusoro vhiri.

Kusiyana Chinese, Japan zvisingavaki muviri - muchikepe nechepakati rechikepe imwe chete, iyo rakamanikana rectangular nechikepe. Chimwe tilted rechikepe duku iri uta muchikepe, uye zvichida aigona kucheneswa kana zvakakodzera. Chimwe chinhu chinoratidza Japanese junks ndechokuti matanda - matanda kuti vanoumba hwaro uriri - zvaiva kunze mudziyo, nokudaro kuwedzere kushandisika nzvimbo pasi nhumbi.

modernity

Pasinei nokuti zvinhu zvisingavaki muviri yagadzirwa anopfuura zviuru 3 years ago, zvichiri kushanda. Chikonzero chikuru - wakakwana design, iyo inopa kutsiga, vanokwanisa uye maneuverability isina kudzika mvura. Kwemakore akawanda raanoziva yekare kumbochinja zvachose, kunyange zvino angori Ages zvisingavaki muviri. Photo kunoratidza zvakajeka kuti musiyano muduku uripo pakati yekare uye ano chikepe.

Pari vamwe nzvimbo varombo China vanomanikidzwa kugara junks, inova isingadhuri zvikuru pane kutenga musha. Mudziyo anopa vehove zvokudya uye kupa ropa, saka zviri chaizvo nevakawanda pokugara. Homeowners-junks vanosarudza kugara nomunzizi pedyo mumaguta makuru. Vagari mu izvi zvinoyangarara mumisha zvinogona vanhu kusvika zviuru 80, sezvo, somuenzaniso, muguta Canton. In Hong Kong, Chinese muchigara junks, zvakare, zvikuru zvakawanda - vanenge 12 zviuru. Uyezve, iye junks kushandiswa kukwezva vashanyi.