Zvinoyangarara Gengi - izvi zvazvinoreva? Ngozi imwe zvinoyangarara Gengi?

Zvinoyangarara Gengi - iri kutadza rakazara mamiriro zviremera zvenyika Russian Federation of pamutemo basa National mari pamusoro mari dzimwe nyika munyika. Kutungamirirwa kwebasa Gengi aumbwa kungobva mitemo pawaitengesa zvitengeswa uye kudiwa. Panguva iyoyo, chete nyika shoma vakabudirira vaiita izvi inozowana pamanyorerwo pomudzimai ayo mari. A anonyanya zvoupfumi hurumende - pamwero chinjika.

Specificity kuti kuyangarara Gengi uye wakasimba

Yezwi Ruble ichiyangarara zvinoreva kumisa kushandiswa imwe mari mukoridho, mukati iro kukosha National mari dzinosiyana-siyana zvakajeka framework. Kana yokumusoro muganhu kana kudzika, mauto ayo achipindira kukwira mari hurumende, izvo kutaurirwa pakudzikamisa ari Gengi. Kupindira kakawanda kuitika kupindira format. On pamusika akazaruka nokushingaira chinozoiswa kutendeuka oparesheni dzakadai National mari dzaishandiswa uye wandisa vatambi.

Asati kuitwa munhu zvinoyangarara Gengi muna Bretton Woods chibvumirano muna 1944 yakatarwa Gengi gadziriro iri pakutsvaga wazvipira nechepakati mabhanga vakazvimiririra kuisa mari yayo, tora basa zvizere kuchinja yokumwe mari maererano mashoko.

Zvazvakashatira munhu wakaiswa zvazvingava hurongwa

Zvinoyangarara Exchange vakanga pamutemo muna 1944, pashure zvazvakaipira pachena wakaiswa Gengi vakanga kuchengetwa. The chikuru chinetso - Zvakaoma micheto vari rutivi kukura wechipfuwo upfumi ehurumende uye mwero yakasimba kuti anongoerekana renyika. The akasiyana kushaya chechipiri mugwaro - iri nekambani prices chokuita mumwe. It ane rakananga chokuita chaizvo wacho kukura nerimwe ehurumende. Somuenzaniso, imwe nyika uinako kwazvo kuoma kwoupfumi, apo mamwe ari dzinoratidzwa utano mari simba uye zvakasimba. kusaenzana Izvi aizotungamirira nezvine burgeoning nyika achasangana zvinoverengeka nokuda vanoshorwa ezvinhu ari munharaunda imwe State.

Zvazvakashatira ane zvinoyangarara Gengi

Uyewo, ezvinhu zvinoyangarara Exchange, iyo anobvisa chose kupfuura zvose payakaipira ari, anonziwo dzinoratidzwa anoverengeka payakaipira. Zvinofanira akati pamusoro soro volatility mumusika, izvo vatengesi zhinji kukurumidza dzikava mukana uye hwaro mari dzavo. Sharp inokanganisa kuti mari nokufamba vari zvavakatemerwa chete aina-imupota kushanda pamusika dzakawanda.

Kuyangarara pamusoro munharaunda Russia

First kudzora mari hurumende yakatangwa muna Russia kubvira 1999. The chakazoitwa nokuda default, kwakaitika muna 1998. Pashure yaivhuvhuta zviitiko munharaunda, hurumende yeRussia akagona kubvisa pakufurira hwenyika pamusoro mumhuri zvekutepfenyura zvemari. Nechekare kwakadaro chinhu sechinhu mari tswanda umo dhora rakashandiswa tandem uye euro wakatangwa muna 2005. Iye akavhura dzakafara tarisiro kuti mutemo munyika mari. Kamwe tichisunga rave vakatapwa kubva Ruble pamusoro maviri rakasimba mari munyika, omerera upfumi United States chete pakarepo simba.

Kusvikira 2009, hurumende mamiriro vachishingaira akapindira Currency pamusika inoti chete mumamiriro ezvinhu, kana kukosha mari dzaishandiswa anotanga vanoshingaira kufamba akananga kumuganhu mukoridho. Mushure yose zvemari dambudziko muna 2008 kuti ubvise mutemo. Hurumende inogona kupindira vachishingaira vari kufamba emashoko pasinei vari mukati mukoridho kana kunze nemiganhu yayo.

Patrimony

Chekutanga Russia achichinja kuti kuyangarara Gengi vakatanga kunyange panguva iyoyo Deputy Sachigaro Ulyukayev CBR muna 2005. Akapa kutamira ichi mhando mugwaro iri nguva kubva 2010 kusvika 2015. Panguva iyoyo, mashoko rationality pakati mutemo shanduko kwakakonzerwa kudiwa zinyekenyeke Ruble nokuda unopinza kuwedzera ekisipoti zvakaoma. Chisarudzo kufungisisa ari zvachose uncharacteristic nokuti chipo mamiriro ezvoupfumi. Kugadzikana ichi zvemari, uye yakakwirira mutengo mafuta uye Gengi nokutsiga uye yakanaka Nechiyero vachibhadhara.

Sei zvinoyangarara Exchange chirongwa asina anoruramiswa pachayo?

Zvinoyangarara Gengi - ichi kwakakomba purogiramu Kushandurwa upfumi, vakange vakagadzirirwa dzeurongwa kubvira 2012. Implementation Its akagara basa pakutanga 2015. Nokuda kushandura tichienzanisa 2005 mamiriro ezvinhu: zvirango kufurirwa donhwe kukosha "ndarama dema", iri kudzikira mune upfumi, migumisiro yezviito wehurumende zvakaratidza zvakashandurwa. The Ruble simba pamusoro dhora uye akaratidza zvisati volatility. Panguva apo mamiriro aigona chete kugadzirisa zvinoshingaira nomutemo wemadzimambo Central Bank of Russia, pamusoro Zvakatosimbisa kushandisa chisarudzo pamusoro disengagement ake uye kushingaira vanochengetedza nzvimbo yaro. Ndechipi zvinoyangarara Gengi kuti Russian, kutaura matambudziko, sezvo mugumisiro wayo Implementation havazobvumirwi kubudirira.

Zvinoyangarara Gengi uye kusagadzikana kwoupfumi hwenyika

Zvinoyangarara Gengi - ndicho mari wokuti hurumende, iyo isina kubvumidzwa kushandisa nenzira kusagadzikana kwoupfumi. Izvi imhaka yokuti tsika iyi maitiro hurumende chete kunowedzera ngozi yokubatwa mari kusagadzikana. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti zano yakanakisisa "nyanzvi nyika" vakanga kurayira hurumende wenyika, nhasi zviri yakashatiswa mumufambiro chaizvo. Zvikurukuru, maererano mumiririri Investbank zvinoyangarara Gengi hurumende iri zvachose nokuda kwazvo zvirango akaisa mberi neHurumende kuti zvakakwana guru chikwereti kwokunze chepamusoro wehurumende. Financial nyanzvi anoita chivimbo nemaonero mamiriro kusagadzikana, zvose zvemari uye mutengo. Andrei Belousov, achitora pambiru Assistant kuna President pachena akataura kuti, pasinei kutanga zvinoyangarara Gengi, nyika vagadzirira ichi asi zvakakwana. Chokuita ndechokuti volatility currency kungaita kuti destabilization yakazara kwokunze dzaishandiswa kwema somugumisiro kukundikana kuzadzisa nokubatira pasi ambosaina zvibvumirano.

Fananidzo rinoitwa kuti gore ra1993, apo pakati patsime nokuda kuwa Ruble vakawanda zvikuru emisasa nyika dzakamanikidzwa zvokugumisa-refu zvibvumirano uye akatambudzika kwazvo zvinokosha nezvinhu. Sezvo nyika tsika zvinoratidzwa, mumwe akayangarara Gengi - zviri mari nomutemo kuti kungazviratidza chete vanobudirira munyika umo upfumi riri kukura pane hwokumhanyamhanya, uye bhizimisi iri noupwere. Huru ekisipoti chinhu mukurima ichi zvaifanira kuva.

Ichifamba mwero munyika

zvinoyangarara Gengi hurumende iri 34 chete% wenyika. Nhamba yaisanganisira nyika 65, 29 iyo kudzidzira zvinoyangarara Gengi pamwe kupindira mune zvisingawanzoitiki nyaya, uye 36 inoti kuita paumbwe National mari dzichienderera bedzi pamusoro paumbwe musika kudiwa pamwe zvitengeswa. Mhedziso zvinoyangarara Gengi - kutanga kuti yave chinozoiswa zvakazara munyika 17 European Union. The yasara nyika 13, 70% of anogoverana akasiyana maindasitiri mu aina. The pamazita inotaura kudzidzira freestyle kushambira National mari uye kushandisa oiri, vaiva Mexico uye Norway chete. The kosi ari kushingaira kwaiitwa uye inokosha vadyidzani weRussia. Uyu Turkey, Brazil uye India. inoti izvi ane nyoro mari kupindira of Central Bank. A zvinoyangarara Gengi, zvakaipira izvo Wakatotanga vanoshingaira unooneka, hakusi inoshanda, sezvo Russia haisi hunhu wokumwe Exchange pamusika tsime kunyatsobudirira inishuwarenzi ngozi. Mafuta exporters imwe specialization vane dzimwe mari, advantageously kugadzikana uye wakaiswa.

"Nokuti 'nzvimbo

Uchifunga mubvunzo zvinoreva kuti kuyangarara Gengi nokuda Russia, kuchitaura kuti zvinhu hadzisi tenable. The Central Bank haasi kuzadzisa ayo kwemitoro kunorondedzerwa mumutemo somugumisiro mashoko zuva nezuva ndivo rebei. Plus nekuti chimiro zvemari ndechokuti haina kupedza reserves yavo nendarama mutambo pamwe nevaya vanofungidzira. By nzeve nayo akafuratira chokwadi kuti nevaya vanofungidzira kubudirira kunyange mukutarisana simba volatility. Uise zvikuru mutambi ari pamusika pechiso Central Bank nhasi inogarwa guru, nyanzvi kubva kune dzimwe mari mberi, izvo vane 72% Mari kuyerera. Chii zvingangoisa mungozi zvinoyangarara Gengi nokuti nyika uye vanhu vayo munguva yemberi, vanoti matambudziko, nekuti kuramba zvinoenderana zviito kana kunyaya yacho Central Bank.

yakakanganiswa pfungwa

Izvi zvinoreva zvinoyangarara Gengi, uye sei zvinobatsira chaizvo kuti Russia, akaudza nedzidzo yepamusorosoro, pasinei nokuti mashoko zvose yakapiwa kwakarasika. Mune rimwe remabhuku zvinotevera mashoko anowanika pasi upfumi: "A zvinoyangarara Gengi achishayiwa nepakati vachibhadhara vachange kuenzaniswa ine dhefisiti kuti pasina mubvunzo kuti kuderedza kubuda emadhora munharaunda ehurumende. Mari National mari vachagara zvakanyatsorongwa kuburuka somugumisiro - kuderedza mari mudzimba zvinhu, popularization yavo mudzimba kumusika uye kuwedzera kunze kwenyika. Uyezve, kukura kunze kwenyika kuchawedzera inflow emadhora uye kudiwa vemamwe mari dzichawa, kuti Ruble ichamuka. " Kusvika pamwero uyu akarurama, asi, kufunga mubvunzo uyu, tinofanira kufunga kuti ane mutemo kunokosha kuti nyika kuti kupa zvinhu, mari iyo inopfurwa chete kubva mumhuri kumusika mari. Tsanangura chii vanotyisidzira zvinoyangarara Gengi, zvichava nyore kana ukafunga kuti aina mamiriro musi 72% chinosanganisira mafuta uye gasi, uye mutengo simba aumbwa zvachose pamusika dzakawanda. Somugumisiro, "vakasununguka kuyangarara Ruble" havagoni kutungamirira nokuwedzera National mari, kana kuti kuwedzera ekisipoti Mavhoriyamu. Kutungamirira kubatsira mari Mutemo parutivi rwayo, Russia vanofanira Siyanisai zvayo kunze kwenyika yacho chinhu Nomenclature, pane nyika vamwe kuti vari kushingaira kuitwa pasi chokumupomera pakati diversification.

Chii kutarisira mune ramangwana?

A zvinoyangarara Gengi, zvakaipira izvo vachiri kuzivikanwa, anovhura mikana kune Central Bank maererano kuzadzika kupindira. Panyaya iyi, kuti IMF zvakajeka zvinodiwa kuti Central Bank anekodzero kupindira hapana anopfuura 3 nguva mukati 6 Mwedzi, nguva havafaniri kupfuura 3 days. Strict mutemo nokugadzikana National mari vachakwanisa kubata risingamboshandisi chechetere.

Central Bank of Russia nokushingaira anoshandisa chimbadzo kuti usapinde murau. Currency Vakasimbiswa akaita rutapudzo kuti mari yacho, iyo inosvitsa paumbwe liquidity pangozi mukuru uye kunokutadzisa upfumi ikure mamiriro. Zvikwereti richikura, vachiva dzisingambosvikiki bhuku zvoupfumi sectors ose inivhesitimendi. Uchifunga mubvunzo zvazvinoreva kuti kuyangarara Gengi, tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti Chiitiko, mune chokwadi uyewo vasanyanye Ichokwadi - zvakazokonzerwa Central Bank itsika. Consequences - nayo akasvetuka pamusoro mari pamusika uye nehasha dzokufungidzira kumunetsawo.