Zika fever: zvinokonzera, zviratidzo, kurapa, kudzivirira

Munharaunda kune nhamba huru yemavirusi. Minorganisms isingagoni kuonekwa neziso risina kusimba, inokonzera munhu zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvimwe zvezvirwere zvinokonzera kukanganisa. Utachiona hweZeka hwakaipa zvikuru.

Pathogen yechirwere

Fivhiri yeZika chirwere chinokonzerwa ne eponymous virus. Ndiye mumiriri wemarudzi eFlavivirus. Utachiona hwakatanga kuonekwa muna 1947 muropa remonkey raigara mudondo reZika (Uganda). Ndokusaka zita refivha.

Muna 1948, masayendisiti akawana hutachiona hweZi Zik mumasango aigara mudondo rimwechete. Zvidzidzo, zvakazoitwa nevanyanzvi, zvakaratidza kuti causative agent anogonawo kuuraya vanhu. Mhosva dzehutachiona hwevanhu dzakaonekwa muna 1952 (Uganda neUnited Republic of Tanzania).

Kupararira kwefivha

Ichi chirwere kwenguva refu chakaonekwa sechikuvadza. Pakanga pasina zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nechirwere chakadai seZick fever. Munyika dzipi aive mumiriri akawanikwa? Zvirwere zvehutachiona kuhutachiwana zvakawanikwa kune vagari veAfrica uye Southeast Asia (Egypt, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, Central African Republic, Thailand, etc.). Kufarira mune chirwere kwakamuka kune vaongorori mumakore achangopfuura, apo utachiona hwakatanga kupararira nekukurumidza kupfuura huwandu hwahwo.

Kutanga kwekutanga kweZika fever kwakanyorwa pazvitsuwa zveYap, zviri muPacific Ocean uye chikamu cheMatunhu Akawanda eMicronesia. Mushure mokuita maitiro e laboratori, 49 maswere ehutachiona akasimbiswa. Makore mashomanana gare gare, kumwe kuputika kwakanyorwa muFrench Polynesia. Muna 2013-2014, vanhu zviuru makumi maviri vakaongororwa. Iyo nyika yenyika ye epidemiological surveillance inyoresa zvinopfuura 8 000 zviitiko zvinenge zvichitongwa zvechirwere. Pakati peizvi, vanhu 383 vakatsigira BVVZ (chirwere chinokonzerwa nehutachiona Zika) mushure mekuongororwa kwema laboratori.

Muna 2014, chirwere chakauya kuSouth America. Fivhiri yeZeka yakaonekwa pakati pevagari vePaster Island. Panenge gore gare gare, RNA yepathogen yakaonekwa kune vanhu vanogara kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil. Kubva munaJanuary 2015 kusvikira munaFebruary 2016, zviitiko zvehutachiwana hwehutachiona zvakanyoreswa munyika 44 pasi pose. BVVZ yava dambudziko renyika yose.

Nyaya yokutanga yeZik fever muRussia

MuAustralia, China, Japan, Canada neEurope chete "inotengeswa" nenyaya dzechirwere zvakanyorwa. MuRussia, zvakare, mamiriro ekutengeswa kwefivha yeZik nevakashanyira vakadzokera kunyika yekwake vakagadzirirwa. Mumwe mukadzi (makore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu) akanga achienda kuDominican Republic pakati paJanuary 27 neFebruary 3, 2016. Kakawanda kacho akange achirwa neumhutu, izvo zvakakonzera chirwere.

Fivhiri yeZeka yakazviratidza pachayo pazuva rekudzoka. Vafambi vacho vainzwa vasina simba, vasinganzwisisiki mudumbu. Achisvika muRussia, akatanga kutarisa zviratidzo zvinotevera: kusunungura kwechigaro, misoro, mashesi pachifuva nemaoko, fivha. Mazuva mashomanana mushure mekudzoka, mukadzi wacho akachengetwa muchipatara mune imwe nzvimbo yakanyanyisa. Vanachiremba vakacherechedza hutachiona hwehurotirynx, kukurumidza kudarika pachiso, trunk nemigumo, kuwedzerwa kwemakirini emakondomu emakondomu, kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri kusvika kuma 38 degrees.

Zviratidzo zvinenge zviripo zvinobvumira vanachiremba kuti vafungidzire kuvapo kwechimwe chezvirwere zvakadaro se dengue fever uye Zika fever. Mishonga inogona kunyorwa chete mushure mekunyatsoongorora. Kuti uite izvi, nyanzvi dzakatora sampuko yemuuro uye neropa rekuongorora nyanzvi. Mukati yezvidzidzo, zvaive zvichikwanisa kuona RNA yevirusi yeZick.

Kudengenyeka kwemakiriniki kuburikidza nekurumwa

Vatakuri vehutachiona mhutu hwemhando yeAedes (Ae. Africanus, Ae Aegypti, Ae Albopictus). Mune mhuka yezvipembenene, pathogen inowanikwa mushure mekurumwa kwevarwere vemakwenzi. Monke mbongoro ane utachiona sei - mubvunzo uyo sayenzi yemazuva ano isingagoni kupindura? Nzvimbo yehutachiona muzvisikwa haisati yazivikanwa.

Mune vanhu, fivha yeZi inowanikwa mushure mekuyamwisa mumhutu ane utachiona. Panguva yekurumwa, mavairusi anopinda mumuviri womunhu, anopararira pamwe chete neropa ruchiyerera mumidziyo. Nzira iyi yekufambisa iyo causative agent inonzi inoshandiswa.

Kuwedzerwa kwehutachiona kuburikidza nepabonde

Mune vanhu vanotapukirwa neZik fever, pathogen haina kuonekwa kwete mu plasma uye serum chete, asiwo mumuna, kuchengetedzwa kwemadzimai. Ichokwadi ichi chakabvumirwa kuratidza kune vanyori kuti nzira inopfuudza yekutenderera haisi iyo chete. Utachiona hunogona kupinda mumuviri wemunhu ane hutano panguva yehukama nehutano.

Kuendesa kwemafivha eZika kuburikidza nekutengesa zvepabonde kunogadzirirwa muFrance, Italy, USA, New Zealand, Argentina. Izvo zvinokonzera chirwere chechirwere chinowanikawo mumate, urini rwevarwere. Zvisinei, panguva ino hakuna humwe humwe humwe humwe hunoti hutsigira hutachiwana hwehutachiwana kuburikidza nekubatana nehutachiona.

Kudengenyeka kwehutachiona kumucheche muhutachiwana kana pamuviri

Zika fever inogona kuendeswa kumwana panguva yekudzivirira kana kuberekwa. Kupararira kwepachirwere chepachirwere kunokonzera utachiona hwemukati uye kuitika kwekusawirirana. Utachiona hunoitika panguva yebasa hunokonzera utachiona hwe innate.

Intrauterine utachiona hunogona kuunza:

• Kusvika pakukundwa kwenheyo yenheyo system;
• Kurara mu fetal kukura;
• Placental insufficiency ;
• Rufu rwemucheche.

Nechinetso cheZick muhutano hwepakutanga, kune mikana yakareba ye microcephaly. Nenguva iyi, nyanzvi dzinonzwisisa uwandu hwemukaka uye uropi. Muvana vane chinetso ichi, musoro hauna kukura mushure mokuberekwa. Microcephaly inenge isingawanzoitiki. Zvisinei, muna 2015-2016, nhamba yevana vakaberekerwa nehutachiona ichi yakawedzera zvikuru. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nema zik fever. Munguva iyi, vana vanopfuura 5 000 vakaberekwa nevana vane microcephaly kubva kumadzimai vane utachiona vakanyorwa.

Zviratidzo zvechirwere

Mushure mekurumwa kwemumonyo, iyo inotakura chirwere, nguva yekudzivirira inotanga. Nguva yaro inogona kubva pamazuva matatu kusvika kumavhiki maviri. Mushure mekudzivirira nguva, zviratidzo zvokutanga zvinowanikwa. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kliniki zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinowanikwa chete mu20-25% yevanhu vane utachiona. Saka kuti vanachiremba vangave vachifungidzira chirwere chakadaro seZick's fever, zviratidzo zvinofanira kuonekwa sezvinotevera:

• Kuwedzera kumwe chete mukupisa kwemuviri;
• Rashes padanda nemigumo;
• Pain mu joints;
• Kuvhiringidzwa kweziso mucosa.

Vamwe varwere vanonyunyutira marwadzo mumasumbu uye mumimba, kazhinji uye kazhinji padzimba dzemvura, kushungurudza, ganda rinopisa. Zvisinei, zviratidzo izvi hazviwanzoitiki neZik fever.

Kufambisa kuongororwa

Plasma neropa ropa, salivha, urini, sperm inhengo yakakodzera yekuona chirwere chakadai seZick fever. Kuongororwa kana zvichidikanwa kunogona kuitwa nemupfupa uye amniotic fluid, cord blood. Pakafa munhu akaongororwa, sampuli dzemuviri wenyama (matukisi echiropa, mafungiro, uropi, mapapu) anodzidza.

Muzhinji, nyanzvi dzinotora ropa. Iyi nzira inoitwa mangwanani. Ropa muhuwandu hwe 3-4 ml inotorwa muhututi ine anticoagulant. Zvadaro iine centrifuged kuti iwane plazma. Semuenzaniso inogadziriswa inochengetwa pamberi pe polymerase chain reaction (PCR):

• Kwete mazuva anopfuura mashanu kumusana wekuwedzera 4-8 degrees Celsius;
• Kwemakore 1 paanenge kupisa zvisingasviki 6-20 degrees;
• Kwenguva yakareba kwekushisa kwe -70 degrees Celsius.

Serum inowanikwa nenzira dzakawanda. Iyo inochengeterwa kusvikira panguva yekuita serological uye masero-genetic diagnostic studies muhurumende imwechete se plasma.

Kuongororwa kunowanzoitwa musi we5th-7 wechirwere uye shure kwemazuva manomwe kusvika ku10. Muvhiki yekutanga yechirwere ichi, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) muzvikamu zvemuropa zvakatorwa zvinoratidza hutachiona hweZik fever - kana kuti, iyo RNA. Zvirwere zvepamukira zveGig class zvinowanikwa nepamusi we5th-6th fever fever. Pakupera kwevhiki yechipiri yechirwere ichi, zvirwere zvegg class zvinowanikwa muropa revanhu vane utachiona.

Kurapa kwefivha

Munyika dzose dzenyika, kunze kweRussia, kugadziriswa kwevanhu vane zviratidzo zvechirwere chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hweZick kunoitwa chete kana pane zviratidzo zvechirwere. MuRussia zvinhu zvose zvakasiyana. Vose varwere vane zviratidzo zvinoshushikana vanopfigirwa muchipatara chinotapukira, kwavanoenda kuongororwa.

Fivhiri yeZika, zviratidzo zvayo zvinoratidzika, kazhinji zvinowedzera muhutu. Vanachiremba vanorayira varwere vanorwisa majekiseni, vanorumbidza kuzorora kwakanyanya uye kunwa mamwe mvura. Etiotropic therapy, iyo inogona kubvisa chinokonzera fivhiri yaZick, haipo. Masangano ekutsvakurudza uye makambani emarudzi akawanda ari kushanda pakuvandudzwa kwemishonga inorwisa maitiro. Zvisinei, hazvisati zvambogoneka kukura chigadzirwa chinogona kuparadza pathogen mumuviri womunhu.

Kunyatsoteerera kunofanira kubhadharwa kune vatariri vevakadzi vane pamuviri vane Zika fever. Apo pavanoona chirwere ichi, vakadzi vari panzvimbo yacho havakurudzi kuti varonge acetylsalicylic acid. Mukutanga kwekutanga kwekuita pamuviri, kuongorora kwakakwana kunokosha. Ultrasound inoshandiswa, nzira dzisingarapiki dzokuongorora dzinoshandiswa dzinoshandiswa. Zvibereko zvakawanikwa zvinogonesa kugadzirisa nyaya yekuchengetedza pamuviri.

Zvinetso zvinogona kuitika

Muna 2015, kubuda kweBVVZ kwakanyoreswa muBrazil. Nyanzvi dzakaongorora mamiriro acho ezvinhu dzakataura kuti nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu vane utachiona, nhamba yevarwere vane Guillain-Barre syndrome yakawedzera. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ayo maitiro ehutachiona hwemunhu anokanganisa hutachiona hwehutachiona hwemhirizhonga.

Kakawanda, chirwere cheGuillain-Barre kuvanhu chiri munyoro. Varwere vanorondedzera kushaya simba uye kurira muzvikamu zvavo zvepasi nepamusoro. Vamwe vanhu vane hosha yemakumbo, maoko, maziso emeso. Mumatambudziko akaoma Guillain-Barre syndrome inotungamirira kukuora mitezo yemapfupa ekufema, kusungwa kwemwoyo. Somugumisiro, rufu runoitika.

Varwere vane chirwere cheGuillain-Barre chinokonzerwa nechirwere chaZick chinofanira kunyatsoongororwa (ropa, zvirwere, uye kupumzika zvinodiwa). Ndicho chikonzero nei vanhu vanorwara kunyange muhutano hwemagariro aya vari muchipatara.

Matanho ekudzivirira

Kuti urege kutarisana nechirwere chakadaro seZick fever, kudzivirira kunofanira kunge kune zvinotevera:

1. Vanhu vanosarudza nzvimbo yekuzorora kune dzimwe nyika vanofanira kutarisira kune nyika dzisina zvirwere zvepidemiology.
2. Kana iyo hovha iri kurongwa muhurumende umo utsi hwemhepo huri mhepo inobva fevha, zvino zvinokurudzirwa kutora zvidzidzo nazvo. Kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kuzvipembenene, unogona kushandisa zvipfeko zviduku zvinowedzera muviri wose.
3. Muhotera, usati uzarura mahwindo, kunze kwekuti vakagadzirwa nemambure emumumyo.
4. Iwe unofanirwawo kudzivisa kushanyira mvura. Matangi nemvura (matayire emotokari, maruva emaruva) anofanira kubudiswa uye kucheneswa (kana kufukidzwa), nokuti utsi hunoita semvura yakanyoro uye inotonhorera.

Usakanganwa kuti BWVZ inogona kuparadzirwa zvepabonde. Paunodzoka kubva kune zororo kwemavhiki masere (pakusipo kwezviratidzo), munhu anofanira kunamatira kuzvibata zvepabonde zvakachengeteka (shandisa makondomu kana kuti usanyanya kuonana nevatengi). Apo zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere zvinoratidzika, nzira iyi yeupenyu ichafanirwa kutakurwa kwemwedzi 6 (zvichida).

Mukupedzisa, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti zik zikama (kliniki, epidemiology, kurapwa nekudzivirira chirwere) - iyi inyaya inokurumidza. Chirwere chisina kutorwa zvakanyanya kwenguva yakareba, mumakore achangopfuura chave chinotyisa kuhutano uye hupenyu hwehuwandu hwevagari vepasi. Parizvino, BVVZ haisati yanyatsonzwisiswa: zvinetso zvose zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwepathogen hazvizivikanwe, zvirwere uye zvinodhaka zvinopesana nehutachiona hazvina kusimbiswa. Zvichida nyaya idzi dzichagadziriswa munguva yemberi iri pedyo, nokuti masangano epasi rose uye masangano ekutsvakurudza ari kushanda munzvimbo idzi.