Yaiva "Chirevo pamusoro nguva muganhu makore" uye ndiye munyori wechokwadi?

Pane nhoroondo pfungwa kuti, murima serfdom pakupedzisira vaderera Russian chevaux Fyodor Ivanovich, wakati yakabudiswa gwaro rakanzi "Chirevo pamusoro nguva muganhu makore." Iye anobviswa zvinenge chose varimi kuti kodzero vakabvumirwa, akatendeuka vanhu varanda mbeveve, vamwe analogue yokushanda mombe. Zvisinei, rugwaro "mirayiro" pacharo wakarasika, uye mashoko aro tigutsikane zvikuru kuomera. On zvikuru anobata shanduro zviitiko dzekare vanoti kwemazana emakore.

Pamutemo kushandisa pfungwa

Maererano nenhoroondo mabhuku, ari "Chirevo pamusoro nguva muganhu makore" Kakanga kakasainwa muna 1597, musi waDecember 4 pamusoro nekarenda Julian. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nezve mutemo zvemutemo dzinonetsa mamiriro ezvinhu zvakasikwa munyika. mutemo uyu pamberi yaiva simba chaizvo makore zana, maererano iyo, kwevhiki kusvikira 26 November (zuva dzvene St. George) uye nomwe pashure nyika imwe neimwe kuwana kwavo mamiriro richiti chido chake uye kubhadharwa muridzi sokubhadhara mari ( "vakwegura mazuva ") iri sirivha Ruble. Price yakanga yakawanda panguva, asi anoda kuti vakasununguka vanhuwo zvavo vakaedza kumurwira. Fani iyi awana hombe pezvose. Uyezve, kazhinji pashure kukundikana kurera mari, vamwe serfs anongoti akamhanya. Maererano pamutemo akagamuchira shanduro, iyo "Chirevo pamusoro nguva muganhu makore" akarambidza vanhuwo zvavo kubva landlords. Asi Chaizvoizvo ichi reactionary haina zvishoma. Zvakanga zvisina kukwana kungotaura kuti kutiza nedendere muridzi. "Chirevo pamusoro nguva muganhu makore" kuisa chaizvo kutsvaka izwi, panguva iyo tenzi aigona kudzoka muranda wake - makore mashanu.

"Ukaznoy" shanduro yaro dzakasiyana

Kusavapo muvhidhiyo uchapupu dzakaitika - pamusoro zvakafanana kuti wefizikisi - musiyano pakati experimental migumisiro ake yokungotaura pfungwa. Pane shanduro mbiri chikuru rondedzero nedanho uranda yeRussian miduku yokuruwa. Maererano wokutanga (anonzi "ukaznoy"), zvakanga zvakasimba maererano nemitemo wepamutemo navatanhatu remakore. Dzakasaina "Chirevo pamusoro nguva muganhu makore", uye kubva panguva iyoyo ... Asi pfungwa iyi ramifications ayo. Maererano V. N. Tatischeva gwaro iri iripo kubvira 1592, uye akanga asiri munyori Fyodor Ivanovich, uye Boris Godunov. Paper vakarasikirwa, uye kuwana uye vakasagona. Asi iye wakange.

Kukurukurwa "ukaznoy shanduro" Zvechokwadi anobata, asi chirwere zvakafanana urema, hunhu dzakawanda zvenhoroondo dzidziso. Kwakavakirwa kungobva pfungwa zvipikirwa, uye hapana kunze kwavari, haritsigiri. Panofanira kuva chirevo, uye zvose. Uye aripiko - ndiye mumwe mubvunzo. Hauzivi chii chinogona pamwe bepa kuti anopfuura mana remakore kuitika ...

Pakanga chirevo?

On pokudzora "Chirevo" kuchinja nzanga imwe nyika kunogona kutongwa kubva chokwadi kuti musoro gwaro iri rinenge asina kutaurwa kukumbira Varidzi nekuda kudzoka kwavo "pfuma." Zvinoita sokuti musoro, vachirayira kuwana uye kununura anotiza muranda, kureva youmambo "Chirevo pamusoro nguva muganhu makore." Ko handiti? Nekuti ipapo chikumbiro zvinotora pamusoro hunhu kwete tataura, nekukumbirira nezvaidiwa nomutemo. Asi Varidzi pamusoro chamber haana kureva, vachisarudza havo kuita zvakawanda chaihwoihwo Formulations.

Tora kuti, Ambuya, uye St. George Day

Pari gwaro rakanyorwa chete achisimbisa kuvapo nemiviri papepa yehumambo kuda, unogona kushumira somunhu Novgorod mamongi, mavakanga anotaura chirevo maererano iyo, vanhuwo zvavo uye landless, "hapana kupunyuka." Panguva iyoyo uye musi, uye munyori ane zvemitemo chiito asingazivikanwi. Zvechokwadi ndivanaMesiya zvisikwa zvayo chevaux Fedor zvakaoma. Chekutanga, mumakore ake okutonga chaizvoizvo akatungamirira nyika "kuchena regent" Godunov, uye kuti aigona kusundira ichi zvemitemo danho. Chechipiri, pane zvechokwadi chikonzero chokudavira kuti gwaro akazviratidza makore mashanu apfuura, uye gare gare kuparadzwa (zvichida ndeimwewo) ne "Boriska" (kana kuti hurongwa). Chechitatu, ingangodaro, "dura murayiro" rakagamuchirwa Ivan Vasilyevich, asi wakapinda simba pashure. Pasinei shanduro idzi zvose, chokwadi chinoramba: Day St George yakaparadzwa pakupera ari XVI remakore uye vanhuwo zvavo vakanga kunyimwa kodzero ivo Zvaaimbova.