Western patristics: vamiririri dzidziso uye vanogutsikana

In paumbwe dzidziso dzechiKristu uye uzivi akabatanidzwa hombe basa rakadaro mirayiridzo sezvo patristic. The vamiririri stratum ichi chitendero mafungiro unowanzonzi uyewo vanaBaba veChechi, saka zita kubva rechiLatin rokuti Baba, kuti, baba. Mumazuva muuzivi vanhu ava vechiKristu mangwanani kazhinji dzaiva pfungwa vatungamiriri vemunzvimbo echiKristu. Naivowo zvakakanganisa kumbopeta Dzidziso dzakawanda dzinokosha chaizvo. Vezvenhau dzinoti mashoko patristic nguva chiKristu chepakutanga rechinomwe remakore AD. Kudzidza iyi, uyewo dzaro huru kubudirira iri paaivatambudza sayenzi chaiyo.

periodization

Setsika, nzvimbo iyi pfungwa Christian rakakamurwa kumadokero uye kumabvazuva. Nemamwe mashoko, tiri kutaura pamusoro Roman (Latin) uye nechiGiriki patristic. Kupesana iyi inobva mutauro iyo akanyorwa mabasa makuru iyi. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe Fathers vainamata zvakafanana zvose Orthodoxy uye yeRoma. Maererano nemaitikiro, patristic, vamiririri iyo zvinorondedzerwa munyaya ino rakakamurwa zvitatu zvikuru nguva. Initial kusvikira peDare reNicaea muna 325. Ichatonga zvine mbiri maakaundi ake kwemakore anosvika 451, asi kuderera mberi kusvikira muzana remakore rechinomwe.

Period kusvikira peDare reNicaea - kutanga

Tsika anotiwo kuti ari kare ikoko atova patristic. Representatives akanyora minamato mumagwaro wake wokutanga uye nemirau youpenyu chechi. Kazhinji anonzi dzamadzibaba Church nevaapostora, asi nhoroondo Data nezvazvo akaramba kwazvo duku. Kunogona kuonekwa sezvo vakadaro, asi kuti Pauro, Petro, Jakobho uye vamwe vadzidzi vaKristu. The vamiririri patristic rokutanga kunonziwo Apostolic Fathers. Pakati pavo tinogona kuyeuka Clement wokuRoma, Tertullian, weSaipuresi, Lactantius, uye Novatian. Pamusana kwavari, akaumba Western patristics. Ideas uye vamiririri ichi muitiro vari runonyanya chokuita ruregerero nokuda chiKristu. Kureva, nevafungi izvi akaedza kuratidza kuti kutenda kwavo uye uzivi nani pane chinhu, asi zviri nani zvikuru pane kuvaHedheni.

Tertullian

Izvi vaneshungu uye asingabvumi kuchinja murume aiva murwi pamwe Gnosticism. Kunyange zvazvo akapedza upenyu hwake aidaro apologetics, zvinokwanisika kupa muchanza kuti paumbwe chechi yokutanga dzidziso. Akavadudzira ndangariro dzake havasi zvakanyatsorongwa - ari mabasa webhaibheri awanikwe vakavhengana nharo pamusoro nezvetsika, cosmology uye zvepfungwa. Tinogona kutaura kuti izvi ndizvo rakasiyana mumiririri patristic. Kwete chinhu, zvisinei kuzvipira kwavo kuna Orthodoxy pakuguma hwake, akatangawo dissident mukati chiKristu - Montanists. Tertullian aiva muvengi vaHedheni, uye nevaGnostic hasha zvokuti, kuti, akarwiswa pamwe mhosva vose uzivi rekare zvavo. Nokuti iye akanga ari mai dzakatsveyama zvose uye zvarakasiya. tsika dzechiGiriki uye Roman, kubva ake nemaonero, riri akaparadzaniswa ichidzengerera chiKristu, risingagoni kukurirwa. Nekuti rinozivikanwa nezvaTertullian vaipikisa kuti Chiitiko pamusoro patristic uzivi. Vamiririri Papera nguva vakaenda yakasiyana zvachose nzira.

Paraiitwa pashure peDare reNicaea - kutumbuka

nguva ino anonzi chendarama zera patristic. Kwakanga nokuda kwaaiita unorema mabhuku akanyorwa vechechi. Dambudziko huru pamusoro dzekare munguva - kukurukurirana pamusoro pemhando yoUtatu, uyewo gakava Manichaeans. patristics Western, ane nhengo akadzivirira Nicene Creed, anogona pamusoro pfungwa dzakadai Hilary, Martin Victorine uye Amvrosiy Mediolansky. The yokupedzisira akasarudzwa bhishopu Milan, uye mabasa ake zvakawanda sezvinoita mharidzo. Aiva nechiremera chikuru zvokunamata nguva yake. Iye, kufanana nevamwe vake, akanga doro kufurirwa pfungwa chiNazi Platonic, uye aiva mutsigiri ndeyokufananidzira kududzirwa Bhaibheri.

Augustine

Izvi mumiririri makuru patristic achiri muduku kwazvo Manichaeism. Dzokai mudanga chiKristu kwakamubatsira kuparidzwa Ambrose. Zvadaro, akagamuchira upristi kusvikira afa aiva bhishopu weHippo. Works of Augustine inogona kunzi apogee rechiLatin patristic. mabasa ayo chikuru - "The Confession", "On Utatu" uye "City waMwari." Nokuti Augustine, Mwari - ndiye chikuru chaizvo uye panguva imwecheteyo kuumbika zvakanaka uye mhaka wose. Anoramba kusika nyika, uye izvi zvinoratidzwa munhoroondo yevanhu. Mwari ndiye zvose musoro uye zvinokonzera ruzivo zvose uye chiito. Munyika mune akanyatsorongwa chezvisikwa, uye murayiro mairi, sezvo ndakafunga webhaibheri, kutsigira pfungwa dzakadai Plato chekusingaperi. Augustine aidavira kuti ruzivo kunobvira, asi zvakanga nechokwadi kuti kana pfungwa kana chikonzero havagoni kutungamirira chokwadi. Hazvina kuita kutenda chete.

pamukwidza munhu waMwari uye rwokusarudza maererano Augustine

Kusvika pamwero utsanzi chinoitirwa yezvidzidzo zvechiKristu kuti mumiririri patristic, ari kuenderera kutsanangura kuti Tertullian, asi ari siyanei chimiro. Augustine vakabvuma baba vake chokwadi kuti mweya womunhu pachisikirwo Christian. Naizvozvo, pamukwidza Mwari anofanira kuva mufaro wake. Uyezve, mweya womunhu - a Microcosm. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mweya pachisikirwo pedyo naMwari, uye ruzivo zvose, nekuti - ichi ndiyo nzira kwayo, kuti kutenda. Musimboti zviri rwokusarudza. Zviri zviviri-nedanga - zvakaipa nezvakanaka. zvakaipa zvose rinobva chete kubva munhu yokupedzisira akazviita. Uye zvose zvakanaka chete nyasha dzaMwari. Pasina izvozvo haungagoni kuita chinhu, kunyange kana munhu achifunga kuti zvinoita zvose pachako. Zvakaipa, Mwari anobvumira kuti kuvapo kuwirirana. Augustine aiva mutsigiri dzidziso yokufanorongerwa. Sokuona kwake, Mwari kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo kunotema kana mweya hero kana denga. Asi ichi ndicho nokuti anoziva kuti vanhu vatarisire yavo rwokuzvisarudzira.

Augustine nenguva

Man, sezvo ndaifunga muzivi yechiKristu, simba pamusoro aripo. Mwari ndiye chete - muridzi remangwana. Isati yasikwa hakuna nguva. Uye zvino kutoti mupfungwa pfungwa. Tinomuziva kuteerera, dzaibatanidza yakapfuura kuyeuka, uye ramangwana - netariro. History, maererano Augustine - ndiyo nzira kubva pakutukwa kuwa uye ruponeso uye noupenyu hutsva muna Mwari. With dzidziso nguva kwakabatana, uye ake nezvedzidziso kunzvimbo mbiri - yepanyika uye Mwari. The ukama pakati pavo havana chokwadi chaizvo - ndiyo coexistence uye kurwa panguva imwe chete. Nyika yepanyika iri kusangana nokuparara, uye chivi chaAdhamu painyanya kwete chete pakuti akaramba kuteerera Mwari, asi kuti iye akasarudza zvinhu pane zvokunamata zvakakwana. Mumiriri chete hwaMwari panyika, izvo zvinofanira kuitika yapera nguva, chechi, murevereri pakati murume uye yepamusoro nyika. Asi akaziva webhaibheri, panewo zvakawanda sehundi. Naizvozvo, kana munhu anenge akatarisana kubudirira hwemafaro, anogona pakupedzisira kuzviita pasina kereke. Shure kwaizvozvo zvose, Mwari aida. Kukoshesa dzidziso Augustine chinoreva zvakawanda chaizvo, nekuti pfungwa dzake dzave sezvo Pfungwa ose nevanhu echiKristu, izvo kunge zvaiitikawo kwemakore ane chiuru uye vakagadzirira Reformation.

Nguva kuderera

Kufanana chero nhoroondo chaiyo, zvakasiyana-siyana uye patristic. Vamiririri Its makatanga kuita zvakawanda enyika pane zvechitendero nyaya. Kunyanya kana iwe ukatanga kuumba Roman kwebasa raPapa kutaura kuti simba zvenyika. Pakati dzinonakidza vazivi iyoyo inogona kunzi Martianus Capella, Pseudo-Dhionisio, Boethius, Isidore pamusoro Thiruvananthapuram. Tisingatauri anomira Pope Grigoriy Veliky, anonzi rokupedzisira munyori mukuru patristic panguva. Zvisinei, izvozvo kunoongwa kwete chete yedzidziso yezvouMwari, sezvo nokuti tsamba yaakanzwa waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa mitemo vafundisi, uye unyanzvi hwokuronga.

Matambudziko chikuru patristic

The vechechi ndakafunga rinoponesa hurongwa Mwari nezvevanhu uye nzvimbo chiKristu pakati akapoteredza tsika (chiJudha, echiGiriki, rokumabvazuva tsika). Vakasvika pakugumisa kuti kuziva chokwadi chikuru sezvingatarisirwa hazviiti. Inowanika chete kuburikidza kwezvakazarurwa. Vakabvumirana kuti nyika akasikwa naMwari kubva chinhu, rine neparinogumira. Vapa pave theodicy asi zvakaoma, maererano iyo, chikuru muparanzvongo murume zvakaipa, kushandiswa zvakaipa zvavo rwokusarudza. The kurwisana ne dissident dzenzvimbo yomuka mukati uye kunze muchechi, uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe yakarodzwa chinyoreso vafundisi vakaita yavo chigadzirwa yokuenzanisira achibudirira kufunga Christian. Patristic, uye vamiririri pfungwa huru iyo dzinoratidzwa kumusoro, akanga nyaya titevedzere kuti mazana emakore ose tsika Church okumabvazuva uye vokumadokero.