Waves: mhando mafungu wave tsananguro. Mhando remagetsi uye acoustic mafungu

Mafungu havasi chete mumvura. Zvinosanganisira inzwi, chiedza, uye zvichingodaro. D. Izvi zvingava sei, uye chii mafungu zvachose?

Chaizvoizvo

Izwi iri rinoshandiswa muminda kwesayenzi siyana, asi zvikurukuru wefizikisi. Maererano nemashoko aya arange Mashoko oscillations - sefungu. Definition of nyore, asi chokwadi chiri nyore. The nomumwe nezvimedu haifambi, asi chete akatamira pedo zvavo zvakanyatsoenzana nzvimbo. It anotevera wave hunhu: ivo inzira simba kuchinjirwa pasina nokuchinja nyaya. Dzimwe zvinoitika, asi somunhu divi kushanda chete. Avo kamwe raiva gungwa, zvakanaka kufunga kuti wave yakadaro.

Kutsunga Zvisinei - hazvisi chete chinhu unofanira kuziva, paakanzi chiitiko ichi. Chinokosha kuti akatibvunzisisa chokuita nokufamba saka vachazowana kudzidza pamwe chete, zvose dzidziso uye tsika.

mavambo

Mafungu inogona zvakapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Chikonzero chiitiko yavo nguva dzose mufaro nezvimedu nokubvisa akavabudisa mwero. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa pachishandiswa anokosha mano, zvakadai antennas kana radiators. Uyezve, kungava nokuti panowanikwa instabilities zvakadyiwa mhepo yakasimba, nokuti iyo mvura anomhanya ripple.

Nhoroondo kudzidza chinonakidza

The kudzidza mashandiro ose panowanikwa uye kupararira pakati mafungu siyana anoranga dzakadai oceanography, seismology, hurongwa, acoustics, mushonga zvesayenzi uye, chokwadi, wefizikisi seboka, uyewo vamwe vazhinji, vaiita zhinji masayendisiti kuzivikanwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mupiro chinokosha chinoitwa kuti aiongorora wokuGermany Genrih Gerts. Iye wakateya vamwe mapatani uye vakaona wamboonekwa mananara chokuita nesungano pakati remagetsi mafungu, akadai kukanganiswa, diffraction uye polarization. zvidzidzo ake vakazonzi kushandiswa kuvaka redhiyo. Chokwadi, paiva nevamwe masayendisiti vakambodzidza Fani iyi uye vakaita kukura nesayenzi rimwe rakakura, somuenzaniso, Maxwell, asi kuti zita rakanga immortalized muna Hertz chairema chinozunguzirwa Frequency chipimo.

marudzi mafungu

Kune classifications zhinji maererano siyana zvinodiwa. Kutanga, zviri kutungamirirwa oscillation chechinopiwa chinozunguzirwa. Mhando wave chokuratidza ichi: longitudinal, transverse, yakavhenganiswa. Pane akasiyana chaizvo nzira muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano: rondedzero equations, geometry, Mhoteredzo, uye zvichingodaro ..

Zvakakosha kuti chiitiko pamusoro Fani ichi chinhu chitsva nefuma hariwaniki kuti kuchinja chete sangano zvacho, zvinopa kukonzera zvimwe zviitiko. Pakuurayiwa maonero kwayo kungaratidzwa sezvo chiedza, ruvara, ruzha, kupisa, uye asingaoneki kuti ziso, saka simba .. Ivo zvinogonawo Classified.

Uyezve, mumwe anokudzwa zvemaziso uye remagetsi nemafungu. Mhando mafungu kubva muchikwata wokutanga kunogona rakakamurwa kwakavharwa nenyama uye idzo kuitika panguva mvura pamusoro. kupatsanura Izvi zvinosanganisira nokuongorora kupararira svikiro. Kazhinji, chikuru uye akakurumbira zvikuru kupesana chete zvinosanganisira inzwi uye remagetsi nemafungu. About kwavari munguva yemberi uye ichakurukurwa zvizere.

tsananguro mukuru

Chero chinozunguzirwa ane zvivako zvinoverengeka uye parameters, nako rinogona kurondedzerwa. Chekutanga, ndiko kureba kwayo, izvo akasarudzwa sezvo λ (lambda). Uyezve, ine kakawanda, nguva uye nokukurumidza. Yoga emit wavefront kana pose, i.e. yakatarwa pfungwa zviri chete chokutambudzika, uye danda kana Vector kuratidza kutungamirirwa kupararira.

With okupedzisira maviri parameters chokuita mumwe kupatsanura. Zvichienderana mhando chinozunguzirwa pamberi angava idenderedzwa uye sandarara. Kurerutsa Masvomhu uye kugadzirisa zvimwe zvinetso zvinogona kunzi sandara pamusoro, asi kana nechokure chinokosha kubva kunobva chete. Nokuti vose maitiro aya, uye emit mhando dzakasiyana nemafungu.

mienzaniso

Kuwedzera chinonyanya dzinonyatsozikanwa zvinhu zvakafanana kurira tambo kana mafungu mugungwa, zvinokwanisika kufunga zvakare pamusoro madenderedzwa ari mvura, hwava kubva kukandwa padombo, kuputika, avete pamusoro nyoro metiresi, uye dzimwe mananara zhinji. Ultraviolet kana michini mwaranzi, uyewo chii haisi anzwike vanhu nzeve - vari kuratidzwa vose iyoyi rokuchengeta kupararira. Mhando mafungu vari saka siyana, uye ivo pachavo vari saka chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda, kuti zvakaoma here kudavira kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana, chokwadi, zvakafanana zvisikwa.

Sound waves: Features

Kunzwa anopa munhu kwazvo mashoko pamusoro nyika. Asi pasina mafungu, izvi zvaizova hazviiti. Sound kushanduka rayo rinoreva kwakavharwa nenyama. peculiarity kwavo kuri pakuti nokureba mafungu dzakadaro uye maererano, kakawanda zvokuti pakakwirira uri mukati earshot. Nokuti murume, kuwanda kuri kubva 20 kusvika 20,000 Hertz. Chinhu repasi inonzi infrasound, uye pamusoro - Ultrasound. Chokutanga huchiri havaratidzi kunzwisisa, asi yechipiri zvinowanzoshandiswa zvesayenzi, mushonga nezvimwe minda zhinji. Ndivo mhando ruzha. unhu hwavo takatsunga ne parameters akadai urefu, kakawanda uye mubatanidzwa zvakasiyana modes ose vibration. Tungamirirwa payo, ukuwo, vhoriyamu, namo uye timbre.

Kufanana mimwe wave, kurira zvakasikwa kukonzerwa vibrations. Inogona akanzwa Somuenzaniso, vamire konzati pedyo mbiru. Waves anogona kuparadzira mune marudzi akawanda runyararo, kusanganisira mvura uye zvakasimba. Munguva Vacuum rinenge akatenda kuti inaudible mitinhimira. Ndokusaka kazhinji anotuka akananga Hollywood firimu kupfura mifananidzo pamwe makuru uye ruzha Kuputika ari Vacuum nzvimbo. Kudzidza inzwi vibrations uye mafungu Zvinoda chikamu chikuru kwazvo kubva wefizikisi - acoustics. Ichi sayenzi inonakidza chaizvo ane nzira dzakawanda kuti muupenyu hwangu. Somuenzaniso, achishandisa ruzivo acoustics zvakagadzirirwa konzati uye dhanzi dzimba kuti kumiririrwa vakanga pachena anzwike panzvimbo dzose.

Omumwe inzwi murume uye mhuka imhaka kutendeuka zvemaziso vibrations kupinda zviratidzo zvemagetsi. mashandiro Izvi chaizvo kunzwisisa, asi kukosha kwayo hunokosha. Zvisinei, zvakafanana chingataurwa pamusoro inzwi zvachose. Unogona kushandisa kuti kukurukura, kuti nekufambisa mashoko, kuchinja mafungiro. Ivo zvazvinoita vanhu, kunyange kana vari kunze earshot. Ndokusaka pane Somuenzaniso, pfungwa "kusvibiswa ruzha". Per chikwata vhoriyamu akagamuchira iri chena, saka mazita musayendisiti A. Bell, vakatanga runhare.

Properties uye mhando remagetsi mafungu

Asi pane chinokosha mhando oscillation, pasina iro zvakaoma kufungidzira upenyu ano. Maserura, kukurukurirana pasina tambo, redhiyo, microwave muchoto nezvimwe mano mazhinji haana kurarama kana asina zvawanikwa remagetsi mafungu. Asi hazviiti kunzwisisa ruvara, uye chiedza kungadai kusipo. Ungaita uzvifungidzire?

Kusiyana nokurira oscillations mhando iyi inogona hunopararira chero unosvikirwa, kusanganisira vacuüm it, uye dzichimhanya ndiko kumhanya chiedza. Kutaura zvazviri, kwakadai wave Mashoko remagetsi minda muchadenga uye nguva. Chimiro wavo inonakidza zvikuru, nokuti ine zvikamu zviviri. Magnetic uye dzemagetsi minda rave vaunze mumwe uye vakagovera pamwe wezvikamu perpendicular vectors. Chimwe chikuru zviri yakadaro chinozunguzirwa - nguva dzose transverse. Uyezve, nguva dzose pachirehwa kuti kumhanyisa.

Kusiyanisa pakati rakasiyana-siyana remagetsi nemafungu, zvichienderana kureba yavo. Pane 6 zvikuru zvisungo kubva wakarebesa kusvikira pfupi:

• redhiyo mafungu;
• michini nemwaranzi, mune mamwe mazwi, kupisa;
• zvinooneka chiedza uye ruvara;
• ultraviolet chiedza;
• Maekisirei;
• wegamma nemwaranzi (kusanganisira nemwaranzi).

It chaizvo zvinenge zvisingaiti kufungidzira nyika isina zvose izvi zvakavapo.