Voronikhin Architect Andrey Nikiforovich: Biography, Construction

Akakurumbira Russian mapurani Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin akaita mupiro kunoshamisa kukudziri- mumhuri mapurani. Rakanga rakavakwa kusika rakasiyana mufananidzo St. Petersburg. Uye upenyu pachahwo mapurani akafanira kuyemurwa uye mushamiswe, wakati amuka serfdom kudare, akaramba akatendeka pachake uye hunhu.

Family uye Childhood

A. N. Voronihin akaberekwa mumusha New Usolye October 17, 1759 ari Perm province. baba vake aiva serf kuti Count A. S. Stroganova. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, I famba Petersburg runyerekupe kuti Andrew waiva mugumisiro Muitiro woupombwe nyika Stroganoff Martha. Asi mapurani kumbobvira vakanyora nezvenyaya iyi, uye hama dzake dzose categorically kuramba shanduro iyi. Alexander Stroganov refu nguva aiva purezidhendi Academy of Arts muSt Petersburg, panzvimbo yake kuchamuka mumwe siyana ounyanzvi uye rwokugadzira yakagadzirwa, makanga okudhindira wandei. Mune rimwe navo mumusangano kuti mifananidzo kupenda, uye taidzidza muduku Andrew, uyo nokukurumidza akaratidza tarenda wokucheresa.

achidana

Stroganov chaizvo vaichengeta matarenda vanhu uye nokukurumidza vakacherechedza mukomana anogona kunyika mumhuri. Saka Andrew akanga ari musangano raJehovha Gavrila Yushkova Ilyinsky mumusha, pana Tyskorskom wemamongi. Muna 1777 Stroganov anotumira mukomana mberi nedzidzo yake muMoscow, apo Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin achidzidza kupenda. Iye awana miniaturist unyanzvi, ipapo kudzidza maonero kupenda. Asi nguva ino, dambudziko kunomuunzira zvikuru ezvivako of Moscow - V. I. Bazhenovym uye M. F. Kazakovym. Pasi simba ravo Voronikhin vanofarira mapurani. Painting anoramba ane chitandadzo naye, uye zvakawanda mukana wokuratidza pfungwa dzavo mapurani. Muna 1778 akatora chikamu ari mufananidzo waMwari Utatu Lavra yeSt Segiyo muchikwata nevamwe Moscow vanatenzi.

makore kudzidza

Muna 1779, Count Stroganov transports Voronikhin muSt Petersburg, saka kuti aigona kuita zvokutamba muzvidzidzo pasango mapurani. Iye anogara mumba Count, iye neshamwari mwanakomana wake Paul. Boys pamwe rengeka kuRussia, kushanyira Moscow, kumaodzanyemba kweRussia, Ukraine, vachishanyira Sea Black nemhenderekedzo. Vose rwendo kwemakore mashanu. Boys chaizvo pedyo nepedyo, vachifunga inenge hama. dzidzo yavo yave akarayira kubva kuFrance musi zano Denis Diderot mudzidzisi - Zhilber Romm. Vechiduku vanowana enderana ruzivo pamusoro penhoroondo, sainzi, masvomhu uye mitauro. dzidzo yakadaro vachidhakwa muRussia panguva.

Muna 1786, Count Stroganov anopa Voronikhin serf rusununguko rwake, uye akanga akapotsa sezvinoita vachiri kutumira Pavel Alexandrovich uye Zhilberom Rommom huru parwendo mhiri kwamakungwa, kunze chete mari kubva Count Stroganov. Nzira iyi yokuwana zivo nyika akanga runowanzoitika ramakore rechi18. Andrew Voronikhin, ane Biography hwakada chokuita nemhuri Stroganov, pamwe Pauro akashanyira Germany, Switzerland, France. Ikoko Voronikhin akawana ruzivo avanoita mapurani, iye vainyatsoongorora kuvakwa Europe, chidimbu maawa akawanda chose kuti kudzidza Pantheon kuParis, akaita zvakawanda yokunyora nokudhirowa.

echimurenga youth

Future mapurani Voronikhin uye Count Paul Stroganov chinopinda muParis, apo akadzidza mapurani, hurongwa, nyaya. Ikoko, vakandowana French Revolution. Mudzidzisi Zhilber Romm nevechiduku akanga chinoshingaira Republican uye vaigona kombera pfungwa dzavo Stroganov, apo Voronikhin aiva kure echimurenga zviitiko, wakanyanya kwazvo iwe. Anopedza nguva yakawanda mumaraibhurari, kushanya mamiziyamu, uye anonakidzwa Empire manyorerwo, uye pakupedzisira aifarirwa chido kuva mapurani. Uye Pauro Gilbert zviri kuitika echimurenga mabasa. Count A. N. Stroganov zvokukurumidzira zvinodiwa vechidiki kunyika yavo. Romm anoramba muParis, akava mumwe echimurenga vatungamiriri, kunyange chikamu kugungano, kushanda pakarenda itsva Republic. Gare gare, iye pamwe nevamwe kuipandukira guillotined.

Yokutanga Matanho iri basa

Muna 1790, murongedzeri anodzokera St. Petersburg, uye vaichengetedza ake afunga kuti ndiye vagadzirira basa zvakakomba, uye kuvimba naye kuvakazve uye runopa muzinda wake, ayo payakarovera mumoto. Kumusoro rinobuda Voronikhin pedutu. Mabasa akafukidza nzvimbo yakakura, izvozvo rinopedzisa raibhurari, unyanzvi maberere, yokudyira, pamusuo imba uye anoisa chicherwa cabinet. Vaimbove Baroque kushongedzwa, vakasikwa Rastrelli, murongedzeri kuchinja mune yakaoma dzenhoroondo manyorerwo. Stroganoff anofadzwa kwazvo protégé ake. Voronikhin, kuvakwa izvo zvakasiyana kunyatsoita, manyorerwo uye akaratidza kuva chakakomba uye rainyatsoigona mapurani. Izvi zvakazarura nzira yokuti iye kupinda basa.

kuva tenzi

Ndapedza kubva basa Stroganov Palace, murongedzeri anotanga kugadzirisa Voronikhin kubindu girafu pamusoro Black River, uye ipapo kupedza imba munda Gorodnya. Izvi guru mabasa vakarega mapurani kumisa pachavo vari maonero avo chokugara mapurani, izvozvo anowana unyanzvi hunoshanda uye zvishoma nezvishoma basa simba nyanzvi uye chivimbo.

For nembiru chirongwa nokuti paakaenda kugara Peterhof Voronikhin akagamuchira musoro academician kuti mapurani. Pakuvamba muna 1797, akanga paakavapa musoro academician kuti maonero kupenda kuti akatevedzana mumadhorobha nharaunda, kusanganisira mabasa "vanoona maberere muna Stroganov Palace," "Unoratidza Stroganov anamapako", umo iye Nyatsobatanidzwai rinobatanidza maviri gunsteling webasa.

Stroganov Dacha muNew Village, akasika Voronikhin akava okupedzisira kuvakwa pokuiswa nguva murongedzeri basa. In chivako ichi kare zvizere kuonekwa kukuru uye simba netarenda murongedzeri.

Kazan Cathedral

Muna 1799 muSt Petersburg waiva makwikwi kuti chirongwa Kazan Church musi Nevsky Tariro. Emperor Paul I waida kuona ari Russian guru mamiriro, zvakafanana ukuru St. Peter muRoma. inozvikudza ezvivako zhinji pasi zvirongwa zvavo nehanya, asi achiri akakunda makwikwi zvishoma-anozivikanwa Andrew Voronikhin. Kazan Cathedral rakaumbwa muna 1801 uye yakavakwa kwemakore 10. Chirongwa akaramba organically Palladian werudzii, raikura mu Russia Charles Cameron. Voronikhin collaborated pamwe Chirungu mapurani, uye munguva yemberi naye wavarindi mirairo. Zvinodikanwa kufanana ne Cathedral muRoma kunosvika mapurani kushandisa semicircular muvharanda, riri kutaurwa prospectus Neva. Grand mamiriro akava mumwe zvivako zvikuru yepakutanga kuRussia. Pasinei nokuti basa iri kwayo pakusikwa yakaoma nharaunda kukundikana, uyewo kushaya mari, izvo zvaida kugara zvachinja kumugumo wenyika Church. Chechi vagadzwe 1811, imwe gore munyori chirongwa akapiwa Order of St. Anne uye kodzero kugamuchira mudyandigere kubva nehurumende muhomwe.

The gomo Institute

Muna 1803 Voronikhin kutanga basa musi wechipiri chinokosha muupenyu hwake chirongwa - kuvaka Mining Institute. Alexander I pamberi mapurani nyore - kusika chivakwa, umo vatorwa kuti kutonga ukuru Russian wehurumende. A. N. Voronihin mapurani chivako rwaunofarira Greek werudzii, asi regai zvakananga kukopa mapurani yekare, uye kuti pave mufananidzo ano nezvazvo. Grand pabiravira nembiru kunopa Chivako inokosha kukosha uye ukuru. Kusimbisa pfungwa mbiri huru sculptural boka "Hercules uye Antaeus" uye "Rape pamusoro Proserpine" vavezi vemabwe Russian. Russian muUmambo ichi chivako chiri muShoko yayo yakanaka zvinhu. Kuwedzera panze mapurani Voronikhin mudzimba masangano kushongedzwa, achipa zvikuru zvizere. The rakaisvonaka chivako Doric mbiru vanyatsobatanidzwa akapedza sezvamunoita Vasileostrovsky promenade uye akapa kuona rapanzvimbo Winter Palace achida. Kuita pakutsanangura pabiravira ndechimwe chezvinhu kujairika mapurani Dzidziso nguva yake.

Petersburg anotaura Voronikhin

In kufanana basa riri Kazan Cathedral mapurani Voronikhin anotungamirira zvirongwa vanoverengeka Pavlovsk, iyo anovaka yakakurumbira Pink Pavilion, inovaka mazambuko uye zvivako zvinoverengeka zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Voronikhin ndiye munyori rokuItari metende, Cascades anoverengeka uye nembiru muna Peterhof. Iyewo anoita toga makomisheni, chidimbu Gurukota anotungamira basa rokuvakazve dzimba kupiwa pamusoro Palace Embankment, kushanda musi dzimba Stroganoff mhuri neimba Golitsyn chivakwa chapel. Tenzi akatora mugove pakusikwa Mint muna Petro Paul Fortress, yakagadzirirwa tsime paGomo Pulkovo.

dzoushe

Muna 1803, mapurani Voronikhin nechokuita vavakezve nechepakati pakuvaka palace Pavlovsk. Maria Feodorovna aivimba mapurani, iye Trims furati kwake ari Winter Palace, saka vaivimba chainaka uye akariita mukuru murongedzeri Pavlovsk. Voronikhin reschedules kuvaka zvachose, anosika mazano kuti kupenda ceilings. Anenge panguva, murongedzeri kushanda pamusoro remake youshe Sheremetev musi Fontanka. Vaida kuumba munhu mukati ari mufashoni dzenhoroondo manyorerwo, uye Voronikhin akavabatsira iyi. Akasika yakafarikana makamuri misangano vakawanda vanhu.

Chimwe basa kukosha murongedzeri - ndiye ari Konstantinovsky Palace muna Strelna. Chivako yave raderera zvakasimba kubva panguva Peter Mukuru, uye muridzi akapa kuti achengetedze chitarisiko, asi modernized omukati. Voronikhin chose kuzodzosera aronga womukati kushongedzwa, chakagadzirirwa omukati muna Empire manyorerwo, uye akatungamirira basa racho. Zvisinei, muna 1803 moto anenge zvachose akaparadza kumugumo, uye zvinotevera vavakezve kare mhosva nomumwe mapurani.

zvakavanzika

Andrew Voronikhin (1759-1814) akararama inonakidza upenyu, ane pokuwanda kwebasa guru kubasa, akaziva, uye muupenyu hwemhuri. Kare muna 1801, murongedzeri akanga awana mwanasikana ane Chirungu mufundisi Meri Lond, kana Maria Feodorovna ari Russian nenzira. Iye pakutanga aiva governess iri mumba Stroganoff asi zvino draftsman uye vakashanda kwemakore 10 pamwe tenzi. Bride akaramba kuchinja chitendero, uye kuroorana Voronikhin aifanira kuunganidza yakawanda mapepa. Muchato wechiduku nomudzimai vakagara muimba yake. Vaviri vakaberekerwa vanakomana vatanhatu, asi zvinenge zvose vakararama kare, nhasi yakananga zvizvarwa Voronikhin akasiya. Mapurani mugove uye akashanda nesimba rake kupembedza nguva aifarira kunyora, verenga chaizvo.

Pokupedza munzira, uye ndangariro

Mapurani akafa February 21, 1814. Akavigwa panguva nomukurumbira yemakuva St Petersburg, kuti Alexander Nevsky wemamonk. On Monument ake nezveaiuya siluetti pakati vazukuru Kazan Cathedral - huru pakuvaka mapurani.

Zvivako shoma Voronikhin akapona. Asi vaviri zvaainyanya ounyanzvi vachiri shongedza Petersburg. Uyewo vakapona vamwe omukati ayo uye zvakasiyana-siyana muzvirongwa kuti ape pfungwa nesimba tarenda rake. Paintings Voronikhin mudura Hermitage uye Russian Museum, uyewo kuunganidzwa kwemashoko Academy of Arts.

vadzidzi Voronikhin

Russian Empire inowanikwa mabasa musimboti kupfuura rakakwana Voronikhin. Vadzidzi vake vakaramba mudzidzisi mabhizimisi, vamwe chaizvoizvo. Saka, panzvimbo Andrei Mikhailov chipangamazano aitarisira kuvakwa Kazan Cathedral. In Copyright Zvivako ake Mikhailov anotevera tsika Voronikhin. The kupfuura kubudirira kwayo kuvakwa ichechi St. Catherine musi Vasilevsky Island. The nyore uye runako zvakagadzirwa Voronikhin yakagadzirirwa mumagadzirirwo. Mumwe mudzidzi - Denis Filippov - akaramba munhoroondo mavakirwo sezvo munyori Academy of Sciences dzimba Vasilevsky Island, iyo ine hwokufananidzira zviri Voronikhin Empire. The muteveri wechitatu zvinokosha uye mudzidzi murongedzeri - Petr Plavov - anozivikanwa sezvo musiki Obukhov Hospital mu Zagorodny Prospekt uye masitepisi Board of nematirastii. mabasa aya vakagadzirawo mune dzekare maitiro kusimudzirwa Voronikhin.