Veliky Novgorod: jasi kwezvombo. Veliky Novgorod: Ndezvemuranda ano chiratidzo kweguta?

Kupfuura kare yaMakoronike mabhuku vanoti kana Varangian muchinda Rurik akauya chaipo nyika Slavs yekare, pakanga pamire Novgorod. The nguvo maoko guta - panobva zvakavandika izvi uye zvinopikisana, mushonga izvo kurwisa Zvizvarwa ethnographers uye vanyori venhau dzakaitika. Nguvo maoko akazviratidza kubvira chidzoke dzokutanga nguva Novgorod heraldic zviratidzo.

Print Novgorod Republic

In zvisimbiso siyana kuti zvaishandiswa hwokuchengetedza muzvibvumirano vatengesi Novgorod nezvavatorwa vaitengesa uye nokuda kufarirwa zvibvumirano nemirayiro yose Novgorod zvokuvhoterwa, akashandisa mufananidzo shanu huru: Iisus Hristos, mutasvi, rutsoka musoja, mhuka neshiri. Pakati pavo avo vanotaurwa kuti unosanganisira jasi ano maoko Veliky Novgorod - choushe, vaviri mabheya, hove.

Kokutanga mifananidzo yakafanana pashure yokupedzisira annexation pakati Novgorod kuna Moscow State iri nguva Ivana Groznogo muchimiro chakaitwa muna 1565 panguva behest mambo anodhinda Novgorod gavhuna. In chimiro ichi zvakaitika guru ezvinhu chisimbiso Ivan IV. Iye chinorondedzerwa se "nzvimbo" pamusoro payo - tsvimbo, kurudyi mumwe - bere, mumwe - the yokuSpain, nechepasi - hove. "Nzvimbo" rinonzi veche "dhigirii" - Mira pamwe matanho, izvo nyaya vanhu munguva citywide kumisangano Novgorod Republic.

siyana mhirikiro

Complex uye kujairika mavanga, iyo unotora jasi Novgorod, ane dudziro akawanda akasiyana. Havasi vaongorori vose varonge kwakajairika tsanangudzo kuti chimiro runotsigira nokuda kuvapo pakati pamarudzi vaigara munyika Novgorod panyika, kunamatwa mhuka iyi, uye hove zvinomirira yekare rwokugadzira vanhu vaigara pamhenderekedzo Lake Ilmen, uye kupfuma zhinji dzaro mhuka zvakasiyana.

Anozivikanwa maonero kuti vatambi vanoratidzwa chisimbiso Ivan IV, chinotyisidzira rusununguko-rudo vanhu Novgorod Moscow chamber. Staff pamusoro veche pakagadzirwa nematanda zvinoreva kutonga hurumende yokuMoscow autocrat pamusoro Republican zvinotarisirwa vagari. Nezvikara kumativi dzinofananidzira simba Moscow muchinda uye kuri nezviyero, pachimirirwa vasingateereri. Pisces inomirira mvura, apo vaya angatsunga kurwira rusununguko richarasirwa. Maererano neimwe shanduro, nehove sechiratidzo Jesu - zvinoratidza youmambo simba rutsigiro kubva pemasimba epamusoro.

Nguva pfupi pashure pakuonekwa Great Chisimbiso Ivana Groznogo zviitiko, maererano vamwe achisimbisa yakarurama wevaya saka anobata jasi Novgorod zvombo. Novgorod akapomerwa Moscow yokuti apandukire mambo uye pasi utsinye pacification.

"Titulyarnik" Alexei Mikhailovich

The Zvivako nomukurumbira wokuRussia heraldry pakati XVII remakore pane wokupedzisira nadzurudzo pakati zviratidzo Novgorod, izvo zvakazoita kuti chokupedzisira shanduro chaiwo. The mural Prints pamusoro chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich nguo maoko Veliky Novgorod zvakafanana anodhinda nguva Ivan IV, asi yokuSpain mairi aenda, yatsiviwa chechipiri nebere.

MuThe heraldic zviratidzo, iyo chaipiwa kuna baba Peter I - «Titulyarnik" muna 1672 - yokutanga nguva rinoratidza wakakwana seti yenhengo Novgorod nguo maoko. Pavakayambukira Tribune kuva chigaro pamusoro izvo kuisa tsvimbo, muchinjikwa uye chemwenje, rakakomberedzwa maviri runotsigira nechepasi - hove mbiri. musiyano uyu zvakasiyana ino chete kwokunangisa choumambo (kunzvimbo matatu). Coat of maoko Veliky Novgorod mu "armorial mureza wenyika" Minich (1730) inoratidza chigaro sezvo ikozvino - kubva mberi.

Historical nguo maoko Catherine nguva

Administrative kuchinja Empress Catherine II, zvakazoita paumbwe mumatunhu uye governorships, raitsigirwa ne nokubatanidzwazve heraldic nyaya. State zviratidzo akaiswa zvinoenderana zvinodiwa sayenzi gerbovedcheskoy vakawana kusachinja-chinja. Coat of maoko Veliky Novgorod, tsanangudzo yaiva royally kutenderwa August 16, 1781, ratora chimiro, izvo vaiona munhu chaiwo.

Panguva iyoyowo iye zvinoshamisa asina kudzivisa zvikanganiso. Maererano nemitemo heraldic, mavara akashandiswa zvombo rakakamurwa mhando mbiri anonzi neiya inoiswa muzvinwiwa zvinodhaka: nesimbi uye enamel (enamel). Aimbova anosanganisira goridhe nesirivha, kune wechipiri - mutsvuku (tsvuku), zvitema, dema, nezvishava, girini, uye mamwe mavara. Kutonga kukosha tincture haibvumiri nokuiswa pamusoro simbi simbi, enamel pamusoro enamel, uye kunze dzinofanira zvakajeka anoruramiswa. Description of nguvo maoko muna 1781 harina tsanangudzo dzakadaro, kunyange ndarama choushe chiri yesirivha munda.

Metamorphosis nguva yokuchinja

Soviet heraldry majasi zvombo havachafaniri chero zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika ose monarchical uye vezvitendero zviratidzo. Not akapukunyuka kugadzira uye maoko maoko Veliky Novgorod. Photos of guta symbology nguva kuratidza kuti akanga abvisa choushe aine tsvimbo uye muchinjikwa yakaiswa pamusoro payo. Two maperekadzi vakanga riri kana mhiri nhamba 859, zvichiratidza mukuru gore pakuvamba guta. Kutonga tincture zvino wakacherechedza, asi haana kuzoonana nguvo maoko emakore-kare kare muguta rekare.

Rokuvakazve zvenhoroondo heraldic zviratidzo vakatanga vakapoteredza nyika pamwe kutanga nhoroondo idzva Russian. Ini akadzitora - Veliky Novgorod jasi kwezvombo uye mureza vakasikwa kwakavakirwa chaiwo shanduro XVIII remakore. Muchiitiko chino, zvakare, hazvina pasina zvinetso: muna 2006 mvumo nezvechisarudzo vamwe chikonzero, isina mufananidzo hove nechepasi muromo azure nenhoo. Chete muna 2010, akumbirwa hove Novgorod vakanga vadzokera maoko muguta, uye akawana mumwe dzakafuridzirwa, nhoroondo Kutarira kuchengetedza dzakamboitika zvakavanzika.