Vagari Lithuania: kukura uye nziyo

ReBaltic kwemazana emakore zvave ndima zvakanga kazhinji hondo. Hazvishamisi kuti chete mumakore 500 apfuura, ine nguva zhinji vakapfuura paruoko kuisa, uye rinoti vakanga riri pano, kwagara vaigara munharaunda pamarudzi.

Lithuania hakuna anosara. Chokwadi, vanhu Lithuania ari inenge nguva dzose yakanga vainyanya anomiririrwa titular rudzi, asi mamwe marudzi vakararama ikoko zvachose. Nhasi ndizvo zvazvakaitawo. Munyaya ino muchawana ruzivo sei kushandura murwiyo uye kukura nevanhu munharaunda iyoyo State.

Sezvo makarekare ...

Kuverengwa kwevanhu yokutanga munzvimbo iyi vakaedza kudzivisa muzana remakore rechi13, asi zvakanga pamusoro anenge chinhu, sezvo humboo unganidzwa vaiva zvikuru inofungidzirwa. zvisingatomboiti Kuverenga kambani chete chaiitirwa muna 1790, migumisiro izvo zvakaratidza kuti munharaunda vemazuva Lithuania paiva vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 3,6. Kubva 1812 kusvika 1945 vanhu Lithuania yakaderera nezvikamu anenge 30%.

Pakutanga remakore rechi19

mumwe yevagari kupima chaiitirwa mune 1897. Zvichienderana migumisiro zvikazooneka kuti panguva iyoyo vaigara Lithuania vanenge 1.924.400 vanhu. Munguva idzodzo yakadaro Zvakaguma Raishamisa chaizvo.

Oddly zvakakwana, asi panguva iyoyo Lithuania Lithuanians pachavo havana kukwana. uremu hwavo ipapo kwakanga chete 61,6%. Uyezve, pane vakararama panguva dzinenge 13% vaJudha Poles 9%, vanenge 5% Russian, uye yakafanana uwandu vokuGermany uye Belarusians. Letts nhamba idukusa nemashanu muzana, uye wechiTatar uye asingauyi kusapfuudza pachiyero 0.2%.

Kunyange kunakidza ndechokuti muguta rimwe nerimwe kuwanda Lithuanians vakanga kunyange kudzika vari kubva muzana mazwi. Saka, muna Vilnius rikagara asina kupfuura 41% vaJudha, vanenge 30% kubva Poles, uye nhamba Russian uye Byelorussians oda 24%. Pachavo Lithuanians vaigara muguta anopfuura 2% of zvachose kwevanhu.

In Kovno, zvinhu zvakanga pamusoro chete: vaJudha paiva vangasvika 35%, nhamba Russian, Belarusians uye Poles zvakaenzana 36% kubva Lithuanians raiva 6.6%. Vose - vokuGermany. Panzira, muna Klaipeda, anenge ose vakawanda zvakanga German. Izvi imhaka yokuti chikamu ichi East Prussia vakava rutivi Lithuania chete mukupera rechi18. Chete muna Suwalki mudunhu nhamba Lithuanian vakawanda yakasvika 72%.

Notes pamusoro ethnogenesis

We ngaachimbidzike kucherechedza kuti panguva iyoyo chirongwa ethnogenesis achiri akafamba kufambira mberi kukuru kuwedzera miriyoni 1.21 Lithuanians pachavo, vaigara Russian Empire uye kunyange 448,000 zhmudinov. Pasina kwavari, runodiwa kuti Lithuania aiva 44 chete%. Izvi akasiyana zvikuru chete date populist Mitsara zvimwe vezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro reBaltic "enyika quantitative ukuru Lithuanian vemo."

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20

Pakazosvika ramakumi remakore, mamiriro ezvinhu navanhu "zvemo" akaita akarwarisa kunyange zvakawanda.

Pakazosvika 1914, mugove Russian vakawanda yakawedzera kusvika 6%, ukuwo uwandu Lithuanians kwakadonha pakarepo kuti 54% mune kubva muzana mazwi. Nechokumabvazuva kwenyika uye vakaita mugove wavo akadonha kusvika 30%. Zvinhu zvakachinja chete pashure World War Chokutanga, kana nyika chirwirangwe vakatama mutauro wokuRussia vagari vanopfuura zviuru 300. Uyezve, mune makore iwayo paiva chinokosha mutsika Lithuanians kubva kune dzimwe nyika, yakanga chokuita kusikwa yakazvimirira Republic of Lithuania.

Tisati Second World

Muna 1923, vagari Lithuania aiva kare vanhu 2.028.971. Tichienzanisa 1897 nhamba Lithuanians pachavo vanosimudzira 84-85%. Number vaJudha ungaderedza zvinenge kaviri 7.5% (153 473). Matanda vaigara munharaunda ehurumende ari kare 3.2%, kana 65.599 vanhu, Russian aiva 2,5 chete% (50 460 vanhu), nhamba eGermany nokukurumidza (nokuda kubudiswa uye kutya) vakawira 1.4% (29,231) , Byelorussians ndikapererwa zvinopfuura 0.2% (4421). Other marudzi mumakore iwayo, kwaiva vanenge 8771 munhu.

Saka Kuronga Lithuanian vakawanda panguva iyoyo yakanga nemakambani chaizvo.

Zvimwe kuchinja National nziyo

KuKaunas, iro rakava guta guru yakazvimirira zvokuvhoterwa, paiva kuchinja zvakatonyanya inokosha. Somuenzaniso, chiPolish uye Russian, izvo kusvikira ikako anoita nomuzongoza ari madhorobha vakawanda vanenge vasina (asingasviki 8000 vanhu). Kuwanda vokuGermany rakanga 3.5%, vaJudha akanga 27.1% (vanhu 25 041). Asi uwandu Lithuanians yakawedzera uye vakasvika 54 000 vanhu (59% of population).

Census muna Klaipėda, rakanga kuitwa zviremera zvemo muna 1925 kwakaratidza kuti uwandu Lithuanians haapfuuri 26.6% of zvachose Kuronga vemo (haufaniri kupfuura 37 626 vanhu). Kwave vokuGermany vakawanda, izvo zvinokonzera anenge 41,9% (59 337), ine avo memeltsev 24.2% (34 337), uyewo mamwe marudzi.

Memeltsy - vanoita?

Zviya, vari memeltsy? Pari, nhamba remasayendisiti vakakurumbira, dzekare vanoti ichi izwi iri vanzwisisa nhamba yevanhu siyana (!) Marudzi, vasina kugamuchira rusununguko Lithuania uye paumbwe zvokuvhoterwa. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti izvi - zvizvarwa eGermany kubva East Prussia vakanga vasina wakafananidzwa pashure kuchinjwa nyika yavo Lithuania, haana kubvuma mutauro uye tsika kuBaltic States.

Ungangove, ichi ichokwadi, nokuti zvinenge vanodzidza nezvavanhu zvose dzinoti kuti munzvimbo inogarwa memeltsami, akanzwa kurwadziwa simba tsika German uye mutauro. Saka, kuverenga vanhu muna Lithuania mumakore iwayo, mashoko aya anofanira kuyeukwa. Kunenge kuti chaiko inorwara Germany vakawanda kumatunhu aya yakasvika mumakore iwayo 66%, inopfuura chiratidzo 90 zviuru vanhu.

Muna Vilnius nharaunda yakanga ezvinhu akadaro, asi maererano Poles. Chokwadi chokuti nyika kanoverengeka vakapfuura vachibva Lithuania kuPoland uye Poles vaiva Colonisation nemaune, vachifungidzira kuti kufadza misha nedzimwe ndudzi kana kuitwa dzavo (kazhinji - a zvairayirwa hwaro).

Saka, muna Lithuania "mharidzo" 20-ies wekupedzisira remakore, Lithuanians pachavo vakanga zvishoma kupfuura 60% of zvachose vanhu idzi. The zvachose vagari Lithuania akanga pedyo 1 mamiriyoni 900 zviuru (pakutanga 1930).

Kubva 1939 kusvika 1970,

Muna 1940, Lithuania akabatana Soviet Union. It akatanga neizvi kwacho, kana Poles rakachinjwa Lithuanian hwevanhu. Munguva neGermany, nhamba Polish vakawanda anotanga kuwedzera zvakare. Saka, muna 1942 chete imwe Vilnius nharaunda, paiva 309.494 Lithuanians, Poles uye nhamba yakawedzera kusvika 324 757 vanhu.

The anosuruvarisa kutapwa vechiJudha. muna Lithuania chete akaurayiwa 136.421 vanhu norudzi urwu (uye ichi ndicho - pasina peya kumatunhu). Akapukunyuka vanhu hapana vanopfuura zviuru 20. Izvi zvakare kunooneka Verenga 1959, maererano iro vaJudha chete 24 672 asara Lithuania.

The Nhamba German 1937 kwaisanganisira munyika 157.527 vanhu ndeve boka iri kwemadzinza. Saka, nokuti nguva neGermany, yakaparadzwa vaJudha kanenge 175,000, uye zvose nokuda 1941 vaigara Lithuania 225 000.

About pashure pehondo zvibvumirano

Muna 1945-1946, nyika 178 zviuru Poles vakasungwa. Kana isu kutora nguva kubva 1945 kusvika 1950, kubva Lithuania akasiya hafu wePolish vemo. Kana isu kutaura apiwa Russification, kunyange vaongorori Lithuanian vabvume kuti munguva Soviet zviri kunonoka kwazvo, zvishoma richichinja madzinza Zvinoumba ehurumende. Somuenzaniso, muna 1959-1989, nhamba Russian yakawedzera chete 9.4%, ukuwo uwandu Belarusians uye Ukrainians chakaita kuti 1,2% of zvachose kwevanhu.

Pakazosvika 1991, nhamba Lithuanians pedyo 79,6%, ukuwo nhamba Lithuanian ndimo vanhu 3.666.000. Kana isu nezvazvo mukuru kuitika pamusoro Union Republics, Lithuania akanga rinenge chete muenzaniso sei kuwedzera uwandu rokuremekedza rudzi; uwandu Russian kunyange nechepakati dziri RSFSR rawa kusvika 81%, kunyange zvazvo yaiva 85%.

nguva itsva

Saka vamwe vanhu vari Lithuania vakakunda (yekudyidzana) panguva kuparara Soviet Union? Zvechokwadi, Lithuania. nyore nharo vatsvakurudzi ichi Russian gore rino kare achiedza kugombedzera ake Baltic navo kuti pakanga pasina "basa". Zvisinei, saka kure pasina kubudirira zvikuru.

Sei kuchinja afa reSoviet vanogara mu Lithuania? Dynamics zvikuru anosiririsa. Pakarepo mushure 1991-1993, nenyika yaro andisiya vanopfuura zviuru 300 Russian. Kana nokuda 1991 vanhu vanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni mana munyika, nhasi vagari shoma inenge nehafu!

Hazvishamisi, kuti vanhu Lithuania nokuti 2014 vanhu mamiriyoni 2,9. Kufanana, hazvina kudaro zvishoma. Kunyange zvazvo pane imwe "asi." Chokwadi chokuti hurumende anopedzisira nhamba iyi zvinenge Lithuanians zvose kubva dzimwe nyika EU, kunyange kushandisa Internet kuvhota census. Vechiduku massively kusiya nyika, zvokuti yakazvimirira nyanzvi dzinobvumirana pane chimwe chinhu: maererano ndibatsireiwo data, vagari Lithuania kuti 2014 mari kuti vaifanira mamiriyoni 2 vanhu.

Ungangove, simba rinomutsa zvikuru kwevanhu kuderera acharamba mumakore anouya.