Uye munoziva majini?

Mubvunzo chii majini unofadza zvikuru. Kudivi rimwe, vose vanoziva kuti majini mashoko wabva mubereki mwana, asi nokuzvidzora okuchengetera mashandiro ruzivo urwu kujeka kune vanhu vakawanda. Genetic miitiro vane zvose sentient venyama, uye ivo kuona yepakutanga zvose mashoko ari pamusoro muviri: rwayo, kuva imwe mhando, STRUCTURAL features, uye zvakawanda.

Vanhu vakawanda yeuka kubva chikoro zvipenyu Chokwadi, mashoko aya kunochengetwa DNA - mumwe inokosha nucleic acid. Kuti ngetani deoxyribonucleic asidhi anosarudza nokuzivikanwa chemhuka kana munhu tichitarisa physiology. Asi sei kurondedzera kuna "DNA" uye pfungwa "Gene"? Ngatione nemashoko aya.

Ndezvipi majini uye DNA?

In sechivako deoxyribonucleic asidhi akasimbisa dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kukonzera kuvapo vamwe mashoko kubva wayo. Zviri zvikamu ava cheni ndivo majini. Dzine ruzivo pamusoro mapuroteni uye mapuroteni - chiri chivakwa zvinhu Organic. Zvese pamusoro deoxyribonucleic asidhi huri musero rimwe nerimwe romuviri, kuti genome ane mupenyu hwakanaka. Chimwe chikamu ruzivo iri chinopfuudzwa kubva baba, mumwe - iri nhaka kubva mai.

With kukwanisa decipher majini mashoko nhasi zvinogona zvakarurama chaizvo kuisa ukama, akadai ubaba. Kutaura zvazviri, mubvunzo chii majini vari kunzwisisa zvakakwana kupindura pawo Muchidimbu. Asi madimikira mutauro unogona hureruke mashoko. Tinomiririra ngetani DNA muchimiro bhuku pamusoro imwe anorarama, ipapo majini vachava nomumwe mashoko ari pamapeji rino. Mumwe nomumwe mashoko rine mabhii 4 chete, asi vanogona kuwedzera vakakwira risingaperi nhamba mitsara. Kureva, majini chinhu alternation mana makemikari. Izvi zvinonzi nucleobases adenine, cytosine, guanine uye thymine. A zvishomanana metamorphosis mu majini code, pamwe nokuchinja kubva kwemakemikari remubatanidzwa kune mumwe, inoenda nokuchinja mu "mashoko okuti" pfungwa yose zvayo. Uye sezvo tichiziva, mumwe jini anokonzera sechivako puroteni. Other mashoko mairi - yakasiyana mapuroteni mamiriro - zvitsva zviri nhengo. Asi alternations kwakadaro zvinogoneka chete kana kuchinjwa kuvabereki ruzivo, saka hama nehanzvadzi vabereki chete zvakasiyana mumwe, kunyange kana vari mapatya. Asi mashoko midzi muna genome yedu, anoramba kuchinja kubva pakuzvarwa kusvikira pakufa.

kuchembera Gene

Life anotarisirwa uye mashandiro wezera-chokuita kuchinja richiuya munhu yakazvimirira majini mashoko. nhindi code, iro raizova basa zvakananga kuti kukwegura, hauwanikwi, asi vaongorori vanoti hazvingaiti kuti mashoko akadaro anochengeterwa DNA panzvimbo chete. Kuchembera - kunzwisisa muitiro chinobata zvose muviri mugadziriro, saka "Zvinovheneka nesayenzi" achiri ane ongororo refu mune mirayiridzo iyi.

Interesting, asi zvikuru tsamwisa nemaonero yedzinza kwave anounzwa mubhuku rakabudiswa muna 1976. Her rakanyorwa Chirungu ethologist K.R.Dokinz. "Gene The Udyire" - basa nesayenzi umo theorizes kuti kufambisa simba yemhindumupindu ndiyo chido kuwedzera kuchinjika kwemarudzi. The kusarudzwa anotora nzvimbo panguva kuvabereki vanochiva uye kwete pachiyero vanhu uye nezvevamwe vanhu. Kazhinji, mhinduro dzoga kuti mubvunzo: "Chii majini", apo pachena kwete. Ungangove, pfungwa zvikamu idzi DNA pamwe kukura sayenzi achaiswa yoku- pamwe mashoko matsva uye zvakakomba dzakachinjwa.