Georg Simmel: A Biography. Uzivi Georga Zimmelya

Upenyu muzivi wokuGermany uye nyanzvi, aiva noruzivo akapfuma. Biography yake izere nematambudziko, asi ine kubudirira wandei. maonero ake akanga kwakapararira nevakawanda muupenyu hwake, asi mukurusa kukosha kuti pfungwa Simmel akauya yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20.

udiki

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of nomuzivi muBerlin March 1, 1858 mune imwe mhuri huru imwe akapfuma. Childhood George akatanga zvikuru anowanzoita, vabereki hanya nevana vavo, kuedza avape ramangwana riri nani. The baba, muJudha pakuberekwa, akatora kutenda Catholic, amai akatendeukira kuna Lutheranism, yakanga akabhabhatidzwa uye vana, kusanganisira George. mukomana makore anosvika 16 okuberekwa zvakanaka kuchikoro, achiratidza mberi kukura masvomhu uye nhoroondo. Zvaiita kuti mugumo wake kumirira nezvaiitwa muzvinabhizimisi, asi kufa baba Simmel uye George mupenyu chakachinja muna 1874. Amai haagoni kuva nomwanakomana uye muchengeti wake anova shamwari dzemhuri. It mari vechidiki nokudzidziswa uye kutsigira kupinda mariri University of Berlin rorusununguko Philosophy.

Chidzidzo nokuita maonero

The yunivhesiti Simmel kudzidza kubva akakurumbira nevafungi nguva yake: Razaro, Mommsen, Steinthal, Bastian. Nechekare mumazuva ake mazuva yunivhesiti, zvakajeka anoratidza yokukakavadzniswa pfungwa dzake, izvo pashure achaiswa kupembererwa vazivi akafanana Pitirim Sorokin, Maks Veber uye Emil Dyurkgeym. Asi panguva imwe chete, uye akaronga chikuru upenyu dzinombokakavadzana, izvo zvichaita kuomesa upenyu hwevanhu vakawanda muEurope panguva iyoyo. Ndaiva asingasiyi uye Georg Simmel, ane Biography zvave zvakaoma zvikuru pamusana porudzi rwake. Panopera kosi yokudzidza kuyunivhesiti nomuzivi anoedza kudzivirira kwake doctorate chinyorwa, asi iye akaramba. Chikonzero asina kudamwa zvakananga. Asi muBerlin panguva iyoyo akanga hunodzorwa Anti-Semitism, uye pasinei nokuti aiva muKaturike, nyika yake vechiJudha zvakanga zvisingaiti kuvanza nerutendo. Aiva iziviswe vechiJudha chitarisiko uye zvadaro kupfuura kamwe nokurwadzisa muupenyu. Papera chinguva, nemhaka kusimba nokushingirira, George akakwanisa vachiri kuwana dhigirii, asi hachina kwaari unodikanwa masuo.

Hupenyu muzivi wokuGermany zvakaoma

Ndapedza kubva yunivhesiti, Simmel kutsvaka dzidziso nzvimbo, asi asina kupiwa kugara basa, zvakare nokuda pachavo mashoko. Akagadzwa wapurofesa, izvo haiunzi Inogadzirisa mari, uye zvakazara anoumbwa mipiro vadzidzi. Naizvozvo Simmel hurukuro zhinji uye akanyora nyaya dzakawanda kuti haangoshevedzwi kune zvedzidzo munharaunda, asiwo kune voruzhinji. Aive mumiririri mukuru, hurukuro yake vakanga vaine pahupamhi, yepakutanga nzira uye inonakidza chikafu. nehurukuro Simmel vaiva nesimba, aiziva sei kuti captivate vateereri, vachifunga kwazvo nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana. Akanga akaramba kubudirira vadzidzi uye veko intelligentsia, kwemakore 15 panzvimbo ino, akawana mumwe mukurumbira uye akaita neshamwari pamwechete nevafungi kukuru zvakamupoteredza, akadai Maksom Veberom. Asi kwenguva refu, muzivi vakasaziva chakakomba masayendisiti, evanhu haana akahwina ipapo mamiriro inokosha chirango. Berlin denderedzwa masayendisiti vakaseka yepakutanga musayendisiti, anofunga, uye zvairwadza naye. Kunyange zvazvo akaramba kushanda nokutsungirira: kufungisisa, nyora nyaya, vape hurukuro.

Zvisinei, muna 1900, zvakanga anogamuchira uye pamutemo, akanga paakavapa musoro honorary muzvinafundo, asi haana kusvika achiri achida chinzvimbo. muna 1914 chete, iye pakupedzisira anova zvedzidzo muzvinafundo. Panguva ino akanga atova anopfuura 200 kwesayenzi uye dzakakurumbira mabhuku. Asi nzvimbo haana kupinda yako University of Berlin, uye muStrasbourg, dzematunhu, chii chaiva kwaibva ake ruzivo kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu. Haana unga yeko nesayenzi vepamusoro, uye makore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake akanzwa kusurukirwa uye kuzvibvisa.

Ideas nezvemitemo oupenyu

Georg Simmel zvakasiyana zvikuru vaairarama kushaiwei ane chavanopinda yakajeka chero youzivi iyezvino. nzira yake yakanga yakazara rechikepe, akashamiswa zvinhu zvizhinji, kuwana zvinhu zvakadaro vachifungisisa kwouzivi iyo kare kwaisava nevafungi vanofarira. Kushaya yakajeka nzvimbo haisi nyasha Simmel. Izvi zvakanga chimwe chikonzero kuoma muzivi kuti kusangana kupinda munharaunda nesayenzi. Asi nemhaka noupamhi iyi pfungwa, akakwanisa kubatsira kukura Misoro rinokosha uzivi. Zvesayenzi, vanhu vakawanda vane basa kunoongwa anotanga kuongororwa chete pashure pemakore mashomanana, uye izvi zvakanga Georg Simmel. Biography anofunga azere basa uye yokufungidzira kusingaperi.

Chinyorwa Georga Zimmelya chakatsaurwa kuti Kant. Mariri muzivi akaedza kuti pfungwa iri priori misimboti kurongeka munzanga. Kutanga nzira anofunga uyewo yakavhenekera vasisanetswi Charles Darwin uye Herbert Spencer. Maererano pfungwa dzavo Simmel akadudzira dzidziso zivo, kuona zvakasikwa utachiona zvetsika chikonzero. Muzivi nechepakati dambudziko pfungwa dzake akaona kuvapo kwevanhu munzanga, saka zviri kunotaurwa nhungamiro yainzi "uzivi woupenyu". It anotsinga ruzivo pamwe pfungwa upenyu uye anoona mutemo wayo huru iri goho zvipenyu muganhu. Human Kuvapo haagoni kunzi kunze kwayo rwokuzvarwa kutonhodza, asi chete kuderedza zvose kwavari hazvibviri, sezvo coarsens zvinoreva upenyu.

The Social muuzivi Georga Zimmelya

Simmel muBerlin, pamwe wakadaro vanhu, pakati pavo vaiva Weber uye F. Tennis, vakarongwa maererano wokuGermany Society Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu. Ari kushingaira kufunga chinhu, musoro uye nemamiriro sayenzi idzva, akagadzira misimboti kurongeka munzanga. Richirondedzera kambani, Georg Simmel, kuenzanirana nekutendawo vamwe pakugarisana ari achimiririrwa pamusana vokukurukura vanhu vazhinji. Panguva iyoyowo akauya chikuru zvaiva magariro. Pakati pavo akadai nhamba vechikamu kubata (pangasava asingasviki matatu), kuti hukama pakati pavo, unova soro chimiro cohesion uye munzanga nzvimbo. Ndiye anopinda wokufambisa kwesayenzi izwi rinoreva nokure pakukurukurirana, izvo vatori kudoma sezvo yake. Anodana kukosha evanhu mauto mari uye socialized njere. Simmel unoitisa kupatsanura siyana evanhu kuvapo, iyo inobva mwero napedyo kana remoteness kubva "chekubuda upenyu." Life anooneka Uzivi sezvaiitwa mudunhu zvakaitika, izvo zvakakonzera zvose zvipenyu uye tsika.

Mharidzo panguva tsika

Georg Simmel nezvazvo evanhu pezvakaitwa uye hunhu wepanguva tsika. Akaona kuti huru motokari simba iri nzanga mari. Akanyora chaizvo basa "Uzivi mari", iro akatsanangura dzavo evanhu kushanda, akavawana anobatsira uye inokanganisa nzanga dzemazuva ano. Akati, Zvakanakisa, chete mari inofanira vasikwa, izvo zvinogona kupedza tsika kupokana. Ndiye tariro pamusoro evanhu mikana zvechitendero uye remangwana wepanguva tsika.

"Mabasa ose Social Conflict"

Society, maererano Simmel, chakavakirwa kuvengana. The kudyidzana kwevanhu munzanga dzose anotora chimiro hondo. Makwikwi, asi kuzviisa pasi uye kwaizoita, weboka basa - Vose marudzi ruvengo, uko zvechokwadi kuchaita kuti nemagakava evanhu. Simmel aidavira kuti atange nokuumbwa dzemunharaunda itsva uye tsika vanhu, ivo - chinhu chakakosha dzidziso munzanga. Somunhu muzivi rave akataura zvimwe mashandiro makakatanwa, wakavaka typology, akatsanangura chikuva yake, akataura nzira ugari.

fashoni pfungwa

Kufunga pamusoro evanhu siyana ndivo hwaro uzivi, munyori iyo Georg Simmel. Fashion, yake pfungwa, ndiyo chinhu chinokosha munzanga ano. Mu "fashoni uzivi" Iye Akaongorora Chiitiko kwemarongerwe evanhu kwacho uye vakasvika pakugumisa kuti chete rinowanika pamwe urbanization uye mazuvaano. KuMiddle Ages Somuenzaniso, hazvina kurarama maererano Georg Simmel. Fashion pfungwa kunobva kuti anosangana zvinodiwa nomumwe ari kuziviswa, unobatsira mapoka matsva evanhu kuwana nzvimbo yavo munzanga chokwadi. Fashion - chiratidzo democratic munzanga.

Kukosha esayenzi maonero ouzivi Georga Zimmelya

The kukosha kwebasa Simmel hazvigoni dzakanaka. Ndiye mumwe havaoni nezvemagariro evanhu, anoratidza zvinokonzera munzanga kukura, kufungisisa nezvebasa mari uye nokurongerwa iri tsika yevanhu. Georg Simmel, kurwisana yakazova hwaro evanhu muuzivi yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20, akasiya kwakakomba basa evanhu achisangana. Aiva chinokosha simba pamusoro paumbwe American mirayiridzo wemagariro evanhu uye aiva harbinger ari postmodern mafungiro.