Ungavandudza sei kuorera ivhu? Dzidza pane hwevhu zvinoenderana

Ivhu iri zvipenyu mararamiro pamusoro zvinhu zvipenyu pakuti kukura kwavo uye basa. Kukohwa Future kuona kwayo sezvamunoita uye unhu.

Wembereko - mano kukura zvinomera utano, achivapa anodiwa chikafu, okisijeni uye mvura. On nyika hwakanaka ripen muchero akawanda. Chii chinoratidza kuti kuorera ivhu?

Zvinhu kukanganisa chirimwa

• Natural ivhu mamiriro nokuda specificity yacho okunze wongoramba.
• Kuvapo pasi uye kudzika panowanikwa yavo.
• The pamwero yakasviba kunyika.

Izvi hazvisi mishoma chaizvo, kubva izvo hwevhu kunoenderana. Panewo zvikonzero nevanhu. Pfungwa utariri hwenyika, agrotechnical kubudiswa, fetiraiza - ndicho chii chinoratidza kuorera ivhu kuti kurima zvirimwa.

How kuvandudza wembereko

Saka ivhu rakanaka ivhu dema vaiona. inotungamirwa Its anotora nzvimbo emakore, kuparadzwa zvinogoneka mumakore 3-5. Nokufamba kwenguva, leaching kunoitika manyowa ivhu yakarongeka tsinga dzakawanda tusingaoneki zvabayiwa, uye kuerera reokisijeni uye mvura kuti zvirimwa kuipa. Ungavandudza sei kuorera ivhu?

The kupora kwacho kunobva muvhu mamiriro. Asati sei kuvandudza hwevhu, zvinokosha kuti tizive chii chinoitwa. Somuenzaniso, mune clayey pasi kuti peat, madota, achibhururuka madota, sawdust. Vanova ivhu zvikuru friable uye permeable, akakodzera kuti kurima.

The peat uye dema pasi ivhu iri kumbonyanya kugara kushanda Organic fetiraiza (mupfudze, mufudze, shiri nhoko). Kunze senitrogen dzine anobatsira tusingaoneki vanokwanisa kuwedzera kubereka munguva kanoverengeka munguva pfupi.

Ungavandudza sei kuorera ivhu? Chokutanga, unofanira kuongorora ayo asidhi-chawo kuita. Zvichienderana migumisiro Analyses kutora mamwe matanho. For acidic ivhu ivhu achava kuita zvakakodzera hydrated madota, dolomite kuchera mumatsutso. Alkaline pasi, nekusiyana, acidified gypsum.

Kana topsoil kwezvinoshandiswa somugumisiro refu kuvhiyiwa, unofanira kumupa kuregawo.

Mazororo nokuti ivhu

Chinonyanya vadanana inoda nguva nenguva zororo. Haugoni grow chirimwa panzvimbo kwemakore akawanda. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuti Kuparadzwa nevhu.

Ndingavandudza sei hwevhu uye mamiriro pamwe nemutengo wakaderera? Kuwanazve nyika seeded mutema-mupfudze, izvo kuvandudza marongerwo uye zviri zvokudya kuchawedzera. Izvi mitema mupfudze ndivo zvakatipoteredza makemikari nyaya, uchibatsira kuunganidza manyowa. Nitrogen kugutsikana kwete muduku siderates mupfudze. Mukuwedzera, ivo kuvandudza ivhu mamiriro. A Kuwedzera anovaita zvemakwikwi masora. Somunhu mutema mupfudze unodyarwa vetch, pizi, lupine, apila, Clover. Uye yemasitadha, rapeseed, mafuta radish.

Kuchengetedzwa wokubereka

Natural pezvakaitwa havasi zvakafanana. Uye chaiwo kuorera ivhu somugumisiro kushandiswa mune zvokurima ari kuchinja dynamically, ipapo pakazvimba, ipapo kuwa. Zvapedzisira nhamba iri zvikuru chisingadiwi nokuti chinoratidzwa mumwe kukonzera kuri kunyatsoshanda kukura kugadzirwa. Ungavandudza sei kuorera ivhu?

The kwomuzvarirwo kuorera ivhu tinoberekwa zvose sezvo chikamu imwe mararamiro ari zvakananga ezvinhu. Asi nekuda kurima zvirimwa hazvina kukwana. Uyezve, nokuda zvisizvo chinowanzoonekwa chibharo maumbirwo kwayo. Kudzorerwa wembereko ivhu - rinofanirawo zvokurima tsika mune zvokurima.

Kuwirirana chakagadzirwa uvandudze nyika arable kuchaita kuti mari yokufambisa uye kugamuchira mari pagore kubva kutengeswa chirimwa. Wemurimi basa harisi chete kuramba, asi ndichengetedze hwevhu.

Gray podzolic

On idzi kukudziridza siyana zvirimwa rakura musango: zviyo, chando uye chitubu gorosi, mbatatisi, neshinda shuga bhiti uye nevamwe.

Dark pfumbu dondo nevhu pedyo pasi dema uye vane mukuru dhigirii wokubereka pane chiedza pfumbu. Ivo agronomic ehupfumi dzakafanana vhudzi nevhu uye inoda rinokosha nzira uye fetiraiza. Kutanga simba uye kurima paumbwe calcium kuti neutralize ari acidity pakati pakusuma vanowanzochema kwenzira dzose dondo nevhu.

In chiedza pfumbu uye ndachena nyika manyowa rukoko iri diki uye ndiyo 15-25 cm. Below payo ndipo illuvial jengachenga mashava. It yakazara aruminiyamu namatare, ndiro chepfu kuna miti. Saka, Tillage inofanira kudzika, uye kusunungura of illuvial jengachenga - subsurface nzira. Panyaya iyi, rezasi ivhu haangavi kuiswa pamusoro, uye ibereke haisi kukanganiswa. Kudzamisa ari arable rukoko anogona zvishoma nezvishoma (2 cm pagore) pripahivaet jengachenga C ne mawa kushanda Organic uye chicherwa fetiraiza uye calcium yakawanda yeimwe (madota, choko, dolomite furawa). Migumisiro yakanaka inogona kuwanwa uswa kurimwa.

At kwasviba pfumbu dondo nevhu rakaorera chapamusoro rinosvika masendimita 40. A chikamu chapamusoro yakazara illuvial manyowa. Naizvozvo, pachava dzematongerwe rakadzika kusingarimwi pamwe mupfudze kuparadzira fetiraiza uye calcium yakawanda ari muchimiro gypsum uye madota ari kukura 1: 1.

kwakakanganisa ivhu

Low-, medium- uye silnosmytye nevhu zvinoda ngwariro chaiyo varimi. Ivo jengachenga C kare kumbokweva repamusoro topsoil. Nokuti idzi rationally subsurface kusunungura yakadzika, liming, vakawedzera uwandu chicherwa uye Organic fetiraiza, uswa kurimwa.

Munzvimbo dzine kwakakanganisa nevhu vari matanho anodiwa kuti kudzivisa kumwe kukurwa kwevhu. Idzi dzinosanganisira: napashnoe terracing, kubudiswa mhiri pamateru uye nevamwe.

nevhu dema kwesango-inowanzorimwa

Kana kurima pamusoro idzi, chinhu chikuru - kuchengetedza hwevhu ezvinhu. Zvinofanira kuva zvakatipoteredza zvakarurama, kushandisa nomazvo kuti zvavanokwanisa. Processing yaifanira munguva zvokunamata, ane wepagore alternation kwakadzama vamurimire uye kudzika subsurface Tillage pasi werumwe. Izvi zvinofanira kuitwa kuti aponese wapanyika lumpy chernozems kunze mamiriro (kuderedza) Nokurasikirwa kuti manyowa mineralization. Somuenzaniso, apo ploskoreznoj subsurface Tillage kuti chando gorosi, kunyange pasina kunonaya zvakakwana, zviri zvakanaka makasimbiswa uye ndichapa vakadzikama muchero. Asi yakadzika moldboard kurima, uye mawa kushandisa mupfudze inodiwa kumusoro goho.

Ndichengetedze kuorera chernozems

Karusiyamu tubhokisi fetiraiza anechekuita munyika dzakadaro kuti neutralize ari asidhi kana alkali, asi kuti murarame ivhu uye manyowa paumbwe granular uye lumpy (mvura-kugadzikana) mamiriro agrophysical kuvandudza ehupfumi, nokusika nepakati ivhu mhinduro, kuvandudzwa ivhu microbiological basa uye kubereka zvavo.

Kushandisa vermicompost rine yepamusoro zvazvinoita goho riri wachena dondo nevhu uye chernozem. Zvizhinji kutarisirwa inofanira kupiwa kushandisa chernozems uye mabasa pakuunganidza uye ndichengetedze hwevhu.

kumafuro nyika

Vari zvikuru yakaorera, akapfuma manyowa muviri. Nyika Farm anogona kuitwa pamusoro wemarudzi chernozem, kumafuro uye wemarudzi-deveteve nevhu. Ivo zvinobudirira vakura dhimanda zvirimwa.

The chikuru drawback munyika akadaro napedyo Pasi Pevhu, izvo kazhinji ane munyu (mineralized). Naizvozvo, chinhu chinokosha munzvimbo kuwedzera goho zvinomera makabuda mvura murau.

Hwevhu kuzvidzora unyanzvi

Zvichienderana zvipenyu zvechadenga zvinomera uye hunhu kushandiswa munyika, pane nzira kuti kubvumira kuwana dzakakwirira goho uye asingauyi deplete ivhu.

• Mutemo inotonhorera hwechiFascist - chicherwa fetiraiza.
• Nzwisisika uvandudze pamusoro agro-namakemikari, agro, microbiological unhu - kushandisa makemikari fetiraiza uye kurima miriwo.
• Regulation nemvura mhepo mwero - machine.
• Club agrophysical uye namakemikari zvivako - kushandiswa yeimwe ine karusiyamu madota kana gypsum kunyika.

Kushandiswa chero nyika nechokwadi kubereka wokubereka zvaidikanwa vakaronga nhamba eco ushamwari, mutengo-inoshanda kugadzirwa muzana chikwata nharaunda.