Umo nyika vanobvumirwa euthanasia? Mhando euthanasia uye mafungiro

MuchiGiriki euthanasia - "rufu akanaka", uye dzimwe nguva dzose mukana munhu anorwara munhu afe havo, pasina kurwadziwa uye kutambura, vakatsigira kana nharo dzechitendero, enyika, uye zvokurapa. Nhasi, tinoziva umo nyika akabvumira euthanasia. Ivo, Sezvineiwo, yakazokudziridzwa kunyange yezvokurapa ushanyi chaiyo mhando - toerisme kuzviuraya, kureva mukana rwendo kutiza upenyu pasina pamutemo sokunonoka.

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Kutaura zvazviri, kuuraya vanhu vanorwara uye kunyange vana kwaiitwa nguva dzose. Izwi rine midzi Greek, sezvo kwakanga vaGiriki akatora kutanga kuita mamwe masoja akakuvara muhondo, saka havaregi aitambura chisingarapiki makuvaro. Tose rangarira, uye Spartans yekare, uyo zvaikandwa kure pamawere kurwara kana akaremara vana kwete chete kubvisa zvinonetsa pachavo, asi kuti agumise kutambura mwana. Zviya, tsika yakadaro, tsvakurudzo ethnographers, vaiva kushandiswa pakati vekare avanhu, dzakadai Kure North kana Pacific kusvikira remakore rechi19.

Mumazuva ano nyika isati Second World War mune dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope, pakanga pasina kurambidza euthanasia, uye harisi zvinopesana tsika uye zvetsika zvine chokuita zviri muvanhu. Zvisinei, Nazi T4 chirongwa, umo vokuGermany kurwira kuchena ari Aryan rudzi, vakauraya pfungwa chakakanganisika vanhu uye kunyange vana, uyewo varwere vane chirwere chepfungwa, vazvidzisa pfungwa idzi nokuti akatevera 50 makore.

Pfungwa uye kuita euthanasia

Munyika yanhasi ine euthanasia - munhu humán kugumiswa muupenyu nechirwere chisingarapiki munhu ane mvumo yake (kana nehama dzake) kuitira kubvisa nhamo yake. Rinoshandiswa kunyanya zviitiko apo mararamiro murwere panguva yakaderera sandara, uye iye ari kurwadziwa, uye hapana mukana kupora.

Uyewo, marudzi maviri euthanasia Munokudzwa nhasi:

• Pusa - zvinoshandawo zviitiko apo murwere zvakabatana mutsigiri upenyu hurongwa. Muchiitiko chino, vanachiremba anongoti akagura murume kubva namano inotsigira upenyu. Kakawanda iri rinoitwa varwere vari kwakadzika chaanoziva pamwe mvumo yehama.
• Active - Musumo kwezvinodhaka murwere, kuona kukurumidza uye nyarara rufu. Kazhinji ichi ndicho chinhu jekiseni kana mushonga iri mvura, achimirira coctail pamusoro sedatives, barbiturates uye yokutindivadza. Izvi zvinosanganisira zviitiko apo chiremba anogona kupa munhu pamwe inodiwa huwandu mishonga wake kuzvidzora kuchengeta upenyu.

Siyana zvatinoita euthanasia

Complex rinotyisa sarudzo - kuramba kurarama nehosha isingagoni kurapwa, kusangana marwadzo uye kutambura, saka dooming navo kuhama, kana kuti chisarudzo sokuvapo munhu achiri kukwanisa kuratidza nenjere - ndiro nyaya chikuru euthanasia. Huru kutigumbura panyaya yacho kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo - zvemitemo, yetsika, uye chitendero.

Nyore chokuita - pamutemo. Munyika umo euthanasia chinorambidzwa, zvinonzi sechinoitika umhondi. Mune dzimwe inoti, sezvo vakadaro, euthanasia haabvumirwi, asi parinoshandiswa, asi akafukidzwa nedzimwe dzokuvhiya. Izvi zvinoitwa kuitira kuti chiremba kuita muitiro, tamboona nezvinetso mutemo mune ramangwana.

Kuoma pamwe tsika uye zvechitendero zvinhu. Kudivi rimwe, ndiwo kuzviuraya uye umhondi, uye muzvitendero dzakawanda chitadzo anofa, uye kunyange Soviet ezvinhu yakakwirira kumanikidza munhu panyaya idzi. Hurumende kazhinji asingakwanisi kutora basa uye vakatsidza dzokurasa nomumwe upenyu, kunyange mvumo murwere. Uye vanachiremba vakawanda havana kuzoshinga kuita mabasa akadai havana kupikisana kwete chete tsika, asi vo Hippocratic Oath.

In Russia

Achitaura iyo nyika akabvumira euthanasia Tinofanira kuonawo kuti Russian Federation hauna zvaisanganisira pazvinhu izvi. In nyika yedu izvozvo kwaenzaniswa kusvikira nokupondwa ukuru basa, uye nyaya iyi hunodzorwa Criminal Code uye nomurayiro, dzinova Federal Mutemo № 323 "Pahwaro paruzhinji utano vakadzivirirwa Russian Federation."

Wakapiwa nyika akabvumira euthanasia vatorwa, vagari Russia anogona chete kuenda kure mune rokupedzisira rwendo mumwe wavo. nguva Last muna 2007 nokuda vevatariri akaita panyaya kurishandura Criminal Code uye kutendera euthanasia muRussia, asi chikumbiro akasangana dutu akatsamwira paruzhinji uye wakasuduruka.

Umo nyika anobvumirwa euthanasia vanhu

Mushure vachiurayiwa emamiriyoni evanhu nevaNazi euthanasia rairambidzwa munyika yakabudirira nyika. 50 chete makore gare gare, mubvunzo akatanga kumutsa muEurope. Nokuda kwaizvozvo tava kuziva umo nyika akabvumira euthanasia. The Pamazita iri sezvinotevera:

• Netherlands.
• Belgium.
• Luxembourg.
• Albania.
• Switzerland (mu Zurich chete).
• United States (chete muna Vermont, Oregon, Washington, Georgia).
• Canada.

Chaiyo iyo nyika akabvumira euthanasia, tinoona kuti pane nyika apo pasina wevakadzidza kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo, asi pane neizvi zviitike. Zviri Japan uye Colombia. Munyika idzi, mune zvimwe zviitiko kunyange kuitika litigation. Kunyange zvakadaro, munyika idzi, euthanasia chaizvoizvo zvinobvira.

tsika ano

Muna 1984, Netherlands kutanga inonyoreswa kodzero yokuzvidira kushaya kubva upenyu hwakaoma uye inorwadza vachirwara vanhu. Zvichitevera tsika Netherlands tuhova Benelux nyika, kureva Belgium uye Luxembourg. In Luxembourg, nenzira, murwere anoda kuwana euthanasia nayo, inofanira kuwana mvumo vanachiremba maviri. Pano vanachiremba kuti kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvakakodzera kuratidza kuti chisarudzo kufa yakaitwa varwere kana hama, asi haana kuva chikanganiso kana mhosva kuda chiremba.

Muna 1999, Albania akabvumira pusa euthanasia varwere asina chaanoziva pamberi hama nhatu mvumo. Pasinei zvemitemo nemvumo nzira, yeKaturike, riri simba chaizvo munyika, mubasa anoparadzirwa kurambidzwa kubva euthanasia.

Kubva 2002, Dutch mutemo pamusoro euthanasia vana makore 12, uye kubvira 2014 muBelgium, chero zera kurambidzwa kunge ukazvikudza, kureva, kunyange mwana upi zera vanogona kuti euthanized pamwe mvumo mubereki wake kana muchengeti.

Sezvo Netherlands uye Belgium - nyika nomumwe mildest ezvinhu euthanasia, simba aibuda vashanyi kuzviuraya nezvokunetseka dzinoverengeka caveats, mamiriro toughening maitirwe ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, zvinonzi vakanzwisisa kuti pakati murwere uye chiremba vanofanira kuvimbana ukama.

Kubvira muna 1941, euthanasia akabvumira ari Canton pamusoro Zurich kuSwitzerland. Uye pano ndipo toerisme kuzviuraya inofara, kunyanya vagari England uye Germany, achiziva iyo nyika akabvumira euthanasia, zviri kuenda Zurich nokuda inouraya jekiseni. Nokuda softness mitemo yemunyika vanhu chaizvoizvo tungamidzana nokuda kwomukana kutiza upenyu. Uyezve, kusvikira 2011, kusvika mubvunzo: "Mune iyo nyika vanobvumirwa euthanasia kuti utano, ndiko kuti, kwete nokuti chirwere chisingarapiki?" - neSwiss aiva mhinduro: "Zurich". Inopandukira vomunharaunda akamanikidza hurumende kutora yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita zvakakodzera, uye chete zvino vagari kurwarisisa munyika vanogona kusangana rufu pano.

Muna 2016, Canada zvirango rubatsiro rwezveutano mu zvokuzviuraya chirwere chisingarapiki. Zvino bhiri inopfuura wevakadzidza chibvumirano. Zvisinei, maererano naye, kwete varwere vose vanogona kuwana zvakanaka, asi chete kukwegura, kureva vaya vane tsaona mugumo wava pedyo uye zvazvisingarambiki. Kureva, somuenzaniso, kukanganiswa nemultiple sclerosis kubatsira kutiza upenyu maererano nomurayiro havagoni kuva sevaya vanotambura kurwadziwa pasina zvakananga zvakafanotaurwa sei vanhu vakawanda vararame.

Yaitaurwa uye pamusoro

Munyika kwavavengi uye vatsigiri euthanasia kunotungamirira hunogutsa nharo achidzivirira chinzvimbo chake. Uye izvozvo kunzwisisa uye chakakomba nyaya zvose nharo vachida ane pakatarisana nharo pamusoro.

Uye wokutanga nharo pamusoro euthanasia kunoratidza kuti upenyu zvakanaka chete kana zvine musoro uye kunounza mufaro, chii chaizvo vari kunyimwa Somuenzaniso, varwere inouraya. Bhowa nharo zvakare anoratidza kuti sarudzo haisi pakati hunofadza uye ane upenyu asingafari, uye pakati nezvokuvapo pfungwa uye paakamira nayo chero chimiro. Pasina mubvunzo, kugumiswa upenyu zvakaoma kunzi zvakanaka.

Euthanasia uti vaya vanoziva kuti zvinodhura uye zvakaoma kuti tirambe upenyu kurwara kana akaremara uye Flatliners. Kunyanya kana ukaedza kupa yekutenga unhu upenyu. Vanopikisa vanowanzoita kuti zvoupfumi chinoumba ichiri asingadi kuwiriranisa pamwe kupondwa yetsika uye yetsika ano revanhu.

Kuziva iyo nyika akabvumidza euthanasia uye nei, zvakaoma haana kubvumirana kuti kunokudziridzwa uye yakabudirira nyika nemitemo yakakwirira mupenyu, apo ndiwo mararamiro pokutanga. A nokurasikirwa uhwu rinobatanidza kurasikirwa kufarira upenyu hwakadaro. Zvichida ichi inotsanangura mitemo vakavimbika kubvumira kushandisa euthanasia vana kana varwere kwete chirwere chisingarapiki.

The maonero kuruzhinji uye vanachiremba pamusoro dambudziko

Pasinei chokwadi kuti voruzhinji, vezvematongerwo enyika, zvokurapa nyika waramba euthanasia munyika dzakawanda, voruzhinji hakusi anokumhan'arira kuti pfungwa iyi. Saka, maererano ongororo yakaitwa Russian Internet vanoshandisa, 50 muzana vakabvunzurudzwa havaoni chinhu inotyisa iri euthanasia uye vanoona zvakanaka hwevanhu rusununguko rwokusarudza.

Vanachiremba vanodavira kuti izvi imhaka pachavo mafungiro ruzhinji vanhu panyaya chinouraya angasada kuva mutoro hama kuona kurwadziwa.

Sarudzo zvokurapa nezvikumbaridzo, inoitwa pakati vanachiremba vaduku, zvinoratidza yakafanana nokupesana nyanzvi bhora - chete hafu yevakapindura rose nekuda kushandisa euthanasia, kusanganisira Russia.

Wekumusoro-soro Profile nyaya munyika yanhasi

Muna 1939, akakurumbira yeAustria psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud vakashaya nokuzvidira pamwe rubatsiro nachiremba wako. Freud chirwere chisingarapiki chimiro nomumukanwa kenza uye vasati kufa, akatambudzika zvinopfuura 30 akavhiyiwa kubvisa mapundu. Uye vakatakurirwa kunze pasi omunzvimbo yokutindivadza, sezvo panguva iyoyo vakawanda yokutindivadza Muzviitiko zvakadaro asati kushandiswa.

ZveBelgium munyori Hugo Claus, achishandisa akavimbika mitemo yenyika yake, akatora euthanasia, kunyange zvazvo zvakanga chete padariro rokutanga kenza. Asi mudzidzisi French, Chantal Sebir, ane chiso akanga yakakanganiswa isingawanzowanikwi muchimiro kenza, asina kodzero yokuzvidira kushaya kubva upenyu nyika yake yaakaberekerwa, aida kuenda Switzerland, achiziva iyo nyika akatendera euthanasia murume. Zvisinei, muna 2008, iye vakazviuraya pedyo barbiturate jekiseni.

Njodzi kwakaita uye euthanasia mbiri vanogadzira shangu hama, uyo akatanga tichiona ake uye kugona kubvuma chokwadi kuti aisazowana kuonana zvakare. Pasinei kushaya chirwere chakakomba, vakagamuchira ane ngozi jekiseni muSwitzerland.