Papermaking michina: kumba, muna fekitari, in Ancient China

Chii chete haana kunyora vanhu! Matombo, bako masvingo, huni, ivhu uye mahwendefa ematombo, mbiru dzendarira ... Pamwe, akavonga ichangobva, paiva achiti nezvokuti vanhu vanogona kubata nesanhu rakanyorwa. Asi hapana izvi zvinhu regai zvinodiwa kuti kunyora. Kusvikira zvino, kusvikira yakagadzirwa mapepa.

Kugadzirwa papermaking michina iri China kwenguva refu aitwa Tsay Lyunyu, Imperial makurukota nguva. Kanenge, ndiye wokutanga nyaya chikumbiro kuna mambo China kwayo kwakapararira okusuma nzira nokuda mukugadzira mapepa. Scientific anoremekedzwa zvikuru vakavhengana hemp uye mulberry faibha, dota, mvura, scraps nemachira maviri chimiro chavo, rakaparadza saka sezvakaita vagadziri parchment uye enhokwe. The Emperor akabvuma chikumbiro. Uye zvakaitika kuti, apo zvinhu zvakafanana China vakaita kare chikumbiro anoremekedzwa, nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa Mapepa anonzi kwaari.

papermaking michina kwakavandudzika neimwe nyika, uye pakupedzisira pepa akava akakurumbira zvikuru, kunyange asina yakakwirira chaizvo yepamusoro zvinhu.

Muna 1770, kuti mugadziri akakwanisa kusika Whatman yokugadza, vakagadzirira kubvisa papepa anotaura chimiro nayo chikapwa. Pashure pemakore 30 vari kuFrance akavaka yokutanga bepa muchina. Kubvira ipapo bepa zvava kuzivikanwa kwose kwose uye haasisiri dhefisiti.

Nhasi, bepa kuita zvemichina akashanda kuburikidza uye ine nzendo dzakawanda.

In wokutanga Danho feedstock yakagadzirira. Cut nemipaini uye spruce, akavacheka kupinda nembariro, oshkurivayut mune chaiyo michina kushandisa nzira rakaoma okarivaniya. Peeled mazariro pulverized kupinda machipisi.

Danho rechipiri - kugadzirwa Semi-apera zvigadzirwa. papermaking michina zvinoreva kuti huni-MACH zvitoro kunyatsogadzirira chip vachidzipukuta huni shredder, akatendeuka ndokuita pulp. In okudhindira izvi pulp iri bleached uye pfungwa.

In wechitatu Danho pulp uye thermomechanical pulp hwakakanyiwa, akawedzera cellulose, arongwe, bleached zvakare uye chete ipapo akatumira pepa kugadzira muchina. In michina izvi grids aumba dandemutande iyo mvura iri vakapedzwa wokudhinda. The bepa akabva yaoma ari sepombi, kuita zvakawanda kumeso tichibatsirwa Calendar mabhanzi, akamuputira pafomu rollers, racherwa achida hukuru.

Izvi bepa kugadzira michina imwe chete drawback: nayo kunoderedza zvikuru huwandu huni munyika.

Danho rimwe nerimwe maindasitiri kugadzirwa bepa rine zita wayo.

• Pretreatment kana kuwanda. The mbishi zvokunyama wapera, hwakakanyiwa fillers, makara kana rakanga rachena nevasori kuti anopinda kuchengetera mudziva vaiitawo, iro basa - nechokwadi ishande papermaking michina.
• Achinatsa, kureva kuti inogara pulp mamiriro.

Nhasi, dzimwe nyika (semuenzaniso, Japan) nokuti matkamuistoja chinoitirwa ruoko pepa. Iye pakutanga anotarisa zvinodhura, asi chipo chikuru.

vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti bepa inogona kugadzirwa ... musha.

Home papermaking michina

1. Tine muchikuya tsvina bepa (napkins, bepa, etc.), Zadzai nemvura, kurova chisanganiso kusvikira yunifomu "mukanyiwa."

2. Wedzerai ari guruu kunovhengana, vakapararira munyika tireyi pamusoro grid, akafukidzwa gauze. We agure maoko enyu, swatanudza, cover gauze uye akaisa muchina.

3. Siyai kwemazuva mashomanana, nguva vachitoenda zvakaenzana water drainage kuti unyoro.

Izvi musha bepa haangavi kusiyana runako chaiyo, asi zviri zvikuru yakakodzera chirangaridzo, kunyanya vana.

Izvi handivo, asi nyore nzira yokuita bepa kumba.