Types, mhando uye mienzaniso verbs

Verbs vari vaitaura dzakawanda mutauro wokuRussia. mhando iyi mashoko pamusoro penyaya kutaura mabasa. AN NdiTolstoy akapikisa kuti kusarudza zvakarurama rechiito - saka mupe mumwe zvinofambidzana.

Pasina se "chiito" madzibaba edu akaitumidza, pfungwa, shoko iroro riri nokududzirwawo muduramazwi Dal. Mienzaniso verbs, kushandiswa, ongorora shanduko munyaya ino.

Shoko rechiito sechikamu kutaura

Part kutaura kuzozvidzorerwa chiito uye anopindura mubvunzo "zvokuita?", "Chii kuita?" - ichi ndicho rechiito. Chokuita dzakasiyana kutaura, zviri pakutsvaga vanosvika girama zvinoreva. The rechiito chiito. Zvisinei, chikamu chino kutaura rinoreva zvakasiyana zvarinoreva.

1. Chero basa remaoko: akachekwa, Hack, yakanyatsobatana.
2. Intellectual kana kutukana basa: yokurindira, hurukuro, funga.
3. Kufambira chinhu ari muchadenga: dzinobhururuka, mhanya, ugare.
4. Chinoitika panyaya: kuvenga, kurwadzisa, kurara.
5. The mamiriro zvakasikwa: chando, kuti nechando, Evening.

Morphological uye syntactic zvinhu

Kana morphological vatambi - ndivo zvose zvinobvira siyana rechiito. Mienzaniso ongorora zvose kwapera asi ikozvino, chete zvinyore. Matambudziko, munhu, nguva, nhamba, reflexivity, genus, mhando, uye conjugation.

Kana syntactic basa iri inowanzoshandiswa rechiito Predicate, iye pamwe nenyaya predicative siyana kana girama hwaro. Rechiito iri mutongo inogona kuwedzerwa. basa iri unoitiswa pazita kana ane dudzirachiito.

kuitika chokuti

Mumwe rechiito rine kwokutanga chimiro, inonzi kuitika chokuti. Mibvunzo vakabvunzwa zvinotevera: "Chii kuita?", "Chii kuita?". Mienzaniso kujeka verbs: kudzidzisa, kuti vaswedere (zvokuita?), Dzidza, swedera (zvokuita?).

Ichi rechiito riri kuzochinja, haadi kutsanangura nguva chiso chake uye uwandu - kunyanya chiito. Ngatienzanisei mienzaniso miviri: "Ndiri kushanda ari dzakagadzirirwa" - "To kushanda munhu anofanira kurarama." In muenzaniso wokutanga, shoko rechiito zvinoratidza kuti chiito kunoitika nguva chaiyo, uye anoita kuti mutauri pachake (pachake chisazitasingwi "I" anoratidza 1 munhu dzakabatana. H.). In rechipiri kunan'anura chiito, pfungwa, pasina chaiyo nhamba uye munhu.

Pakati vasayendisiti uye nyanzvi dzemitauro vachiri Chavanoitirana nharo pamusoro chii chaizvoizvo -t (yeWatchtower) ari kuitika chokuti: a suffix kana kupera. Tinobvumirana ari munyaya ino munhu akaiswa nayo flexion. Kana rechiito kunoguma muna -ch (aibuda, muchoto, kupisa), zviri pachena chikamu mudzi. Yeuka kuti kuchinja shoko rinogona kuitika alternation: muchoto-bheka; vhinza-Rwako; zhech-ndiri kutsva.

Kuitika chokuti anogona kuita zvose somunhu Predicate, uye basa nenyaya: ". Verenga - zvikuru kuziva" Pano rechiito rokutanga "verenga" - nyaya, wechipiri, kuti "ziva" - yacho Predicate. Zviya, zviitiko zvakadaro zvinoda mutsara chinokosha nyora dzomutauro chiratidzo - the nokuputsanya.

Marudzi rechiito

rechiito iri pakutsvaga mubvunzo, nokuti iro iye basa. In mutauro wokuRussia mune kukwana (zvokuita Chii kuitei? Chii kuitei?) Uye akakwana (chii? Kuita? Zvandakaita?) Mhando verbs. Mienzaniso: pehurukuro, taura, taura - kukwana; vanoti muti munoti - akakwana. Marudzi rechiito yakasiyana. Nokudaro, vasina zvinoreva imwe nguva, ayo repeatability. Somuenzaniso: kunyora - kunyora. The chiito ane nguva yakareba. Akafanana rechiito rinoreva akakwana chimiro: kunyora - nyora - kunyora. Izvi kutaura kuti zvakaitwa zvakakwana, ine mugumisiro. verbs izvi kutsanangura chimwe chiito (nhungirwa).

Form mudhu

Kuchinja verbs uye mafungiro. Kune zvitatu chete: zvimiso (SUBJUNCTIVE), anoratidza uye zvinokosha.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro INDICATIVE mwoyo, zvinoita anobvumira Predicate kuva muchimiro nguva, munhu uye nhamba. Mienzaniso iyi rechiito manzwiro: "Tinoita Hack ichi," (zvino) - "We achaita Hack ichi" (ramangwana) - "Taidhinda Hack ichi" (zvatoitika). Kana vanhu, "Ndakaita Hack ichi" (1 munhu) - "Makaita Hack ichi" (2 munhu) - "Anne akaita Hack ichi" (3rd munhu).

Kuita zviito pasi zvimwe zvinhu kunoratidza SUBJUNCTIVE verbs. chimiro ichi chakaumbwa kuwedzera pakatsaurirwa nguva PARTICIPLE "kuti" ( "b"), iyo nguva dzose zvakanyorwa yoga. okuti kwakadaro dzinosiyana maererano munhu uye nhamba. Category haana vasarudzirwa. Mienzaniso verbs: "Takasarudza kuva dambudziko iri achibatsirwa mudzidzisi" (muzvizhinji, 1 munhu ..) - "ndingadai ndakaita Hack ichi achibatsirwa mudzidzisi" (U H, 1 munhu ..) - "Anna vaizopiwa yabereka Hack uyu achibatsirwa mudzidzisi "(U H, 3 munhu ..) -" vakomana vangadai vakaita Hack ichi achibatsirwa mudzidzisi "(muzvizhinji, 3rd munhu ..).

Talking anokurudzira chero chakaitwa rechiito zvinokosha. Kurambidza chiito, zvinokosha verbs vari kushandiswa. Mienzaniso: "Regai kudanidzira kwandiri!" (Ban) - "Geza maoko ako usati udye!" (Motivation) - "Please nyora tsamba" (ndapota). Ngatikurukurei muudzame ichangobva muenzaniso. Kuti ape chikumbiro chake matauriro netsika, kusvikira rechiito zvinokosha ndiko kuwedzera shoko "ndapota" ( "ndapota", "kana iwe ndapota").

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti zvinokosha verbs vachipedzisira zvinyoronyoro chiratidzo, umo inochengeterwa uye avo kuti kugumisa muna Xia, uye -te. mutemo uyu ane Kusara - rechiito "nhema" (nhema - pasi - pasi).

Category nguva

The chikuru siyana rechiito panguva - avo anoratidza nguva chiito: kare (ainzi), chipo (kudanwa), ramangwana (vachanditi).

Yakapfuura nguva zvinoratidza kuti rapera panguva kutaura chiito. Somuenzaniso: "Ini ndakatenga nemapfekero ichi gore rapera." Kazhinji, verbs aya kuumbwa Via -l- suffix kuwedzera nechigadziko kuitika chokuti: kubhururuka - akatenga. okuti izvi dzinosiyana kwenhamba uye dzakabatana. kusanganisira - uye siya. Face chimiro haina kutsunga.

Present kutorarama ndiwo maitiro chete kuti kukwana chitarisiko. To wawo, unofanira kuwedzera pachavo harinzwi ose verbs. Mienzaniso: My - kugeza - kushambidza - yangu - ndinoshamba.

Chimiro nezvichazoitika verbs vanogona zvose zvinoridzwa, hwakakwana uye kukwana. Anouya mhando mbiri: nyore uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa. The maitiro chokutanga perfective verbs vakai, guruu, akachekwa, etc. The ramangwana kunzwisisa fomu imperfective verbs. Enzanisa: Ndichakuvakazve, ndichaita micheto yekapepa katsva aka, uchatemwa. Saka, chimiro ichi chakaumbwa rechiito "kuva" kufanorongwa mberi nyore uye kuitika chokuti.

The varipo uye nezvichazoitika verbs vane munhu uye nhamba. Tinotaura navo pasi.

Munhu uye nhamba

Kana rechiito riri wokutanga munhu, zvinoratidza kuti chiito unobereka mutauri pachake. Somuenzaniso: "Ini hasha ose zuva, azvishambidze nechando nemvura uye achipukuta chando."

Chokwadi chokuti chiito zvinoda mutauri interlocutor, tichaudza munhu rechiito wechipiri. Somuenzaniso: "Munoziva sei vachava maviri." Verbs iyoyo chimiro angava Generic pfungwa kureva zviito kuti anowanzoramba chero munhu. Kakawanda unogona kuwanikwa Proverbs: "Mune chinoshamisa rotok kwete nakinesh wekumeso." Kusiyanisa vaitaura izvi ndizvo nyore: kazhinji ivo vasipo nyaya.

Verbs rechitatu munhu akataura chimwe kugadzirwa kana rakabudisa nyaya kutaura. "Lermontov oga zvose hwake." - "The dutu rakanga rakasimba zvokuti miti remakore-kare wira kufanana manyoro."

Nokuti mumwe munhu ari kuchisazitasingwi kana muuzhinji hunhu zvimwe verbs kupera. Mienzaniso: "Ini kubhururuka" - "We kubhururuka" - "Iwe kubhururuka" - "Iwe kubhururuka" - "It (iye, izvozvo) nhunzi" - "vanobhururuka".

Conjugation uye pachako chiito harinzwi

Conjugation rechiito - chimiro, izvo zvinoreva kuchinja racho munhu uye nhamba. Ichokwadi kwete zvose okuti, asi chete avo vari INDICATIVE mwoyo, chipo kana ramangwana nguva. In yose, pane conjugations maviri. Zvinomiririra navo patafura.

safadza verbs

Personal verbs, mienzaniso izvo takakurukura pamusoro - kwete chete mumutauro weRussia. Vari apikisa nevaya vanotaura chiito pasina chinhu mutambi. Dzinonzi - safadza. Kana havana kuva, mumutsetse, ivo kushanda Predicate. verbs izvi havana nhamba mhando. Kureva, havana zvachose kunotsanangurwa nguva, zvanhasi uye nezveramangwana. Somuenzaniso: (. Present nguva) "kutonhora" - "Usiku ndakadaro kunyange zvakawanda" (Future), "kuwana usiku kuchitonhora ndakadaro zvakatonyanya." (Kare).