Tsika dzeKutanga Kwemazuva Ekutanga muItaly muzita uye zvisikwa

Munhu wese anoziva kuti yaiva Italy iyo yaiva mwoyo weRenaissance yose. Vatenzi vakuru veshoko, kusvinikana uye pfungwa dzefilosofi zvakaonekwa mune imwe nguva yenguva yeRenaissance. Chimiro cheKutanga Kwemazuva Ekutanga muItaly chinoratidza kuberekwa kwetsika dzichaitika mumazana emakore anotevera, nguva ino yava kutanga, kutanga kwemakore makuru ekugadzira muEurope.

Nenguva pfupi pamusoro peiyo huru

Unyanzvi hweKutanga Kwemazuva Ekutanga muItaly hunotangira nguva kubva munenge muna 1420 kusvika muna 1500, hwakatungamirirwa neHigh Renaissance uye kupedza Protorenaissance. Kana iri imwe nguva yekushandura, kwemakore makumi masere, musanganiswa wemashizha nemafungiro akambotangira, uye matsva, ayo, zvisinei, akweretwa kubva kure zvakapfuura, kubva kumakorikari, unhu. Zvishoma nezvishoma, visiki vakabvisa pfungwa dzepakati pekudenga, vachichinja maitiro avo emifananidzo yekare.

Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti ivo vakawanda vaitsvaka kudzokera kune zvinangwa zvezvinhu zvakakanganwa, zvose pamwe chete uye muchivande, tsika dzekare dzakapindirana neutsva, asi kusvika zvishoma.

Architecture yeItaly panguva yeKutanga Kwemazuva Ekutanga

Zita guru mukugadzirwa kweizvi nguva, hongu, Filippo Brunelleschi. Akava mufananidzo wekuvakwa kwemaRaissance, achigadzirira zvirongwa zvake, akagona kuchinja mapurogiramu mune chimwe chinhu chinonakidza, uye, nenzira, maitiro ake akachengetedzwa zvakanyatsochengetwa kwezvizvarwa zvakawanda. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakasikwa pakugadzirisa zvinofungidzirwa kuva zvivako zviri mukati memwoyo weFlorence, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiyo dome - iyo Cathedral yaCentral de Santa Maria del Fiore uye Pitti Palace, iyo yakava kutanga kweIndaneti yeItaly Renaissance.

Zvimwe zvakakosha zvinobudirira zveKutanga kweItaly kunosanganisira Doge's Palace, iyo iri pedyo nehombekombe huru ye Venice, dzimba dzeRoma muRoma maoko aBernardo di Lorenzo nevamwe. Munguva iyi, maumbirwo eItaly anotsvaga kubatanidza zvikamu zveMiddle Ages uye zvekare, kurwisa kwemafungiro ehuwandu. Muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo wemashoko aya unogona kunzi "Basilica yeSan Lorenzo," zvakare maoko aFilippo Brunelleschi. Mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope, Kuberekwa Kwemazuva Ekutanga hakuna kusiya mienzaniso yakajeka yakadaro.

Vanyori veAtange Renaissance

Unyanzvi hwemamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino hunoratidzirwa nechishuvo chevadziri, vachitaura nezvezviitiko zvekare, vachizvidzorera nechikamu chekuzvarwa kwevanhu, vachivatengesa zvimwe zvechokwadi. Mumwe wevatungamiri vekutanga uye vanogona kunyatsogadzirisa nguva iyi zvakakodzera kufungidzirwa Masaccio, akashandisa nounyanzvi maonero akazara, achiunza kumabasa ake kuswedera kune zvisikwa, akaedza kuratidza manzwiro nemafungiro evanhu. Gare gare, Michelangelo achaona Masaccio semudzidzisi wake.

Vamwe vanyori vakakosha panguva iyi vaiva Sandro Botticelli, pamwe naLeonardo da Vinci uye muduku chaizvo Michelangelo. Mabasa anozivikanwa zvikuru neBotticelli "Kuberekwa kweVenus" ne "Spring" inoratidza kushanduka kwakanaka, asi nekukurumidzira kubva kune imwe nyika kusvika kune zvisikwa uye nyore. Mamwe mabasa emamwe maArenaissance artists, akadai saRafael naDonatello, anogonawo kutaridzirwa panguva ino, kunyange zvazvo vakaramba vachigadzira kare muPasitomu Yakakwirira.

Mufananidzo

Chimiro cheKutanga Kwemazuva Ekutanga muItaly zvakabatana zvakananga nemifananidzo, munguva ino inounzwa kumatanho akafanana neyekuvakwa nekupenda, inotanga kutamba basa rakaenzana rinokosha. Mupiyona wekuvakwa kwemazuva ano ainzi Lorenzo Ghiberti, uyo, pasinei neruzivo rwake munhau yehutano uye tarenda yekupenda, akazvipira pachake kuti adzivirire.
Akarwisana nokuda kwezvinhu zvose zvemabasa ake uye akakwanisa kubudirira kubudirira munzira yake. Kubudirira kukuru kweGhiberti kwaiva kunamatira pamusuo we Florentine Baptistery. Zvinyorwa gumi zvisingatauri zvakakwana uye zvakakwana kudarika mifananidzo yakaisvonaka, pamwe chete yakazozivikanwa se "Gates of Paradise".

Mudzidzi weGhiberti, Donatello, anozivikanwa semuvandudzi wemifananidzo yeRenaissance. Akakwanisa kubatanidza Florentine democracy uye tsika itsva dzekudzokera kumashure kare mubasa rake, kuva muenzaniso wekutevedzera vazhinji vevatsigiri vezvemumishinari, uye kwete vashandi vezvigadziri.

Tsika yeKutanga Kwemazuva Ekutanga muItaly haikwanisiki kunze kweJacopo della Quercia, uyo akafanotungamira vashandi vaviri vekare. Pasinei nokuti iye aiva wekanguva yeQuattrocento, basa rake rakanga rakasiyana zvakasiyana nechechiGiriki neDonatello, asi simba rake pamazuva ekutanga kwekuberekwa kwekutanga hazvikwanisi kutarisirwa. Kunyanya kukoshesa kuziva ndeye basa rake pachiteshi chechechi yeSan Petronio, rine musoro unoti "Kusikwa kwaAdhamu", iyo yakakonzera basa raMichelangelo.

Mhinduro

Chimiro cheKutanga Kwemazuva Ekutanga muItaly, kunyange zvazvo ichiedza chinhu chimwechete - kuratidza makirasiki kuburikidza nejeri rezvisikwa, asi vadziri vanoenda nenzira dzakasiyana, vachisiya mazita avo mumutambo weRenaissance. Mamwe mazita makuru, maitiro akaisvonaka uye kunyatsoongorora zvakare kwete unyanzvi chete asiwo chimiro chefilosofi - izvi zvose zvakatiunza nguva iyo yaifananidzira mamwe matanho eEntamende, umo maitiro akaiswa akawana kupfuurira kwavo.