The umhare kudzivirira Odessa (1941)

Nokukurumidza vanhu vachange kuzopemberera seventieth gore Yechipiri World War. Zvikurukuru chinokosha musi vanhu yaimbova Soviet Union, ane vanasekuru pamberi uye neshure akaita zvose kuchimbidza zuva Victory Great. Regai vadzime kubva ndangariro dzevanhu chokwadi pamusoro penjodzi uya vanhu fascism, pamusoro heroism pakati magamba akaponesa nyika kubva "denda mashava". Somuenzaniso, hakuzokanganwiki kudzivirira Odessa (1941). Iye akapinda mabhuku enhoroondo uto somumwe anobudirira zvikuru yokutevedzera remapazi dzakadaro.

Kudzivirira Odessa mugore Guru Patriotic War rokutanga: pakutanga

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, Soviet Union yakanga pakarepo vakarwiswa nenyika June 22, 1941 Nazi chairema pagore, uye shure kwamazuva matatu chete, pamwe nevamwe, mwero weSouthern Front yakatangwa. Vanomudzvovera mundima ndichisveerera pamusoro makiromita mazana manomwe kubva muguta Odessa kuna Lipkany akarwa mauto Romanian. Pasinei kubudirira Southern Front basa vafanire shure zvikamu zvayo East mumwedzi maviri hondo yokutanga. Chokwadi kuti vavakidzani vedu kuchamhembe-kumadokero zvinhu kwaisava yakanakisisa, uye ane mukana wakanaka kupinda zvakatipoteredza. Wechishanu August kurwa akatanga kutora kare nzvimbo kumucheto Odessa, uye pashure vhiki kwemauto ehondo kudzivirira guta, dzakanga chose huru ehondo Southern Front, sezvo mauto Romanian-German vakakwanisa kuwana vakapoteredza guta kubva kumabvazuva, uye kutora ari encirclement.

Parts vaibatanidzwa mukurwa nhivi anorwisana mativi

Panguva apo guta rakanga rakapoteredzwa zvachose vamapoka yeRomania Army uye Wehrmacht, kwaiva chikamu Independent Coastal Army, akarayira refutenendi General Georgiy Pavlovich Safronov, varwi Black Sea Fleet uye Odessa Naval Base, uyewo vaiva nezvombo, zvinosanganisira pachavo vagari. In zvachose vachidzivirira simba pakutanga August 1941 vakasvika 34.5 zviuru vanhu, asi pakupedzisira September - varwi vanenge zviuru 86 uye nevarwi. Maererano nokuwanda Romanian Army, iyo wakarairwa Nikolae Chuperka, mune rwiyo yayo kukombwa Odessa akatora chikamu 340 000 mauto uye vatariri.

Odessa rakakombwa

August repfumbamwe bhidha kwakasarudzwa kuronga mupomerwi nzvimbo (SPA) pasi murayiro Rear Admiral Gavriila Vasilevicha Zhukova, iro raiva zvinotevera:

• Fontanka.
• chivharo ake.
• Kovalenko.
• Otradovki.
• Pervomaisk.
• Belyaevka.
• Lighthouses.
• Carolino Bugaz.

Pakarepo zvichangoitika, basa rakatanga musi kuvakwa masvingo, uyewo paumbwe anopamba pakati vagari Odessa, yakanga yapiwa zvombo zvehondo. Uyezve, pakazopera August kunobatsira vanotsigira Odessa Black Sea Fleet murayiro yave dzinounzwa 2,4 zviuru vanhu, uye musi 15 September muguta Novorossiysk hwakatamisirwa 157th Infantry Division. Zviri nemhaka yokutsigira manpower miganhu kudzivirira simba vakadaro Odessa asina kuputswa.

kutsigira muguta, vakabata kwete chete mumutsetse pamudzivisi asi kuitwawo akatevedzana akabudirira tsamwisa kushandiswa. Kunyanya, kumabvazuva nemauto ose enhare mid-September akakandwa uye tikamira mhepo uye gungwa dzepabonde uye akasunungura Grigorievsky nemisha Chabanka, Old uye New Dofinovki. Vachiridzira wakagumiswa chengarava Odessa uye mvura yaro, uye mamiriro ezvinhu yose pamberi mutsetse iri yekudyidzana kudzikamiswa.

dzokera shure

Kudzivirira Odessa akapfurwa October 16, 1941, uye guta akapiwa nemauto Romanian. Chikonzero chaiva inokosha kufunga vachiriita, izvo vaiona kuti mamiriro ezvinhu panguva iyoyo iri Crimean kutungamirira, zviri nani kuti kuchinjwa wamapoka vakavharirwa muguta pagungwa Sevastopol.

Kazhinji, munhoroondo zvehondo pane mienzaniso vabudirire kupera remapazi pamusoro caffeine wamapoka kubva mutsetse navo muvengi pamwe shoma nezvinhu uye kuramba kwavo yetsiva kugona. Chimwe chaizvozvi ndiyo kubvisa nhengo, akaita kudzivirira Odessa, izvo zvino zvakanyorwa venhau Soviet, "vakabuda muguta, haangavi aizonyatsovachenesa kukudzwa kwenyu."

Basa uye vakatambudzwa

Kudzivirira Odessa uye Sevastopol arasikirwe uto Soviet, izvo muHondo Yenyika II akashanda sevamiririri zvose marudzi vagere Soviet Union, kusanganisira Ukrainians, zviuru zvevanhu. Paiva vanotambudzwa vakawanda pakati rehurumende vanogara. Zvikurukuru, pakarepo pashure kudzivirira Odessa akanga filmed (1941), vakawanda Kuuraya kwacho ikoko. Kunyanya chakakomba chaiva kurasikirwa yechiJudha vashoma pachinhu izvo Romanian basa mauto kunze mutemo chokuparadzwa zvachose. Uyezve, muguta vakauya vasungwa vehondo, pamwe chete nevashandi Soviet uye avo vasingagoni kuratidza ake mhosva kuna "akaderera rudzi", yakaitwa muusungwa mune yaimbova gunpowder chitoro, uye ipapo akapfura kana vakapisa mupenyu, une akadurura peturu chivakwa.

kuregedzera

Makatodzinga vanopinda nechisimba kubva Odessa akatanga April 9, 1944 sezvo chikamu uto kushanda rinoitwa Third Ukrainian Front, akarayira Army General Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky. Zuva rakatevera, mangwanani, guta rakanga zvachose pasi kudzorwa Red Army, iyo yakaramba anobudirira tsamwisa nenzira iri Dniester.

The menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Odessa": uyo akagoverwa

Award yakatangwa December 1942. Zvakanga zvakagadzirirwa kuti vakudze varwi uye avo yevanhuwo zvavo vakatora zvakananga chikamu kudzivirira Odessa munguva kubva 5 August 16 October 1941. It Kazhinji kumbopfeka kuruboshwe zamu racho, kodzero menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow", kana ani.

Zvinoita yakaita menduru

mubayiro Izvi kubva Stainless simbi kana ndarira denderedzwa rine dhayamita pamusoro 3.2 masendimita. The obverse chinofananidzira Red Army uye Red Navy nomufananidzo nezvombo mumaoko avo tikafunga pegungwa inomira Lighthouse shongwe. Zvakananga pamusoro akanyorwa "USSR", uye kunyange yepamusoro kumucheto denderedzwa zvakanyorwa akamutsa tsamba okuti "Nokuti Kutsigira Odessa", akagumisa pakati maviri nyeredzi tuduku. Rezasi Chikamu obverse iri yakashongedzwa ine Laurel chishongo, zvakanyatsobatana RIBBONS. Kana neizvi, kuti akaita zvetsika chitaridzi nokuda Soviet mibayiro panguva Great Patriotic War - "Nokuti Our Motherland Soviet", uye pamusoro payo vari chakavezwa nenyundo uye rinopinza. Menduru "Nokuti kudzivirira Odessa" nomukombiyuta mhete uye Tab wanamatira kuti elongate ubvise ari muchimiro nePentagon, akafukidza sirika maviri-ruvara mitsetse Ribbon (vatatu rwedenga uye vaviri mitema nokurohwa zvakaenzana upamhi). Maererano 1985, mubayiro ichi chaipiwa zviuru makumi matatu mauto Red Army varwi Navy uye NKVD mauto uye vanhuwo zvavo.

chirangaridzo

The umhare kudzivirira Odessa, vakaburukira munhau somumwe chakajeka mienzaniso uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika yeSoviet vanhu. Pakuyeuka vaya vakabayira upenyu hwavo mukudzivirira guta kubva zvitema gungwa, muna 1975 panzvimbo iri pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II akagarisa chinzvimbo 411th romumhenderekedzo yegungwa bhatiri, chirangaridzo akanga asina kufukidzwa. The kunzwisisa chinhu kwemasimba muchiuto zvokushandisa, mumwe sculptural akafanana muchimiro dimikira mukadzi kuchemawo pamusoro mutumbi wemufi, uyewo Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda "Katyusha". Uyezve, chechi yakavakirwa pamusoro munharaunda chirangaridzo Georgiya Pobedonostsa.

Chimwe mamiriro wandisa akagadzirirwa kushanda se nokusingaperi chiyeuchidzo pamusoro heroism pamusoro magamba kuti umhare kudzivirira Odessa Waiitwa gore Great Patriotic War wokutanga - a "bhandi Mukurumbira", inova 11 sezvivako. Vakanga kuvakwa munzvimbo paiva kupfuura hasha kurwa. gore rose April, yakaitirwa Odessa uye kungofamba yedaro refu kuchovha rudzi achitevedza "bhandi Vakakurumbira", yakarongwa kuti iitike tichayeuka kusunungurwa nechisimba eNazi.

Zvino kuti munoziva zvakadini kwakatora kudzivirira Odessa, iyo nhengo vakatora chikamu mairi, uye chii vaiva ahwo.