The thyroid shwanu - ndiko kuti mumuviri? Nerevane thyroid chirwere

Thyroid ndohwaJehovha muchikwata miviri kuti kuchikosha kukanganisa yose muviri. Saka, chero chirwere pamwe migumisiro, sezvo iri nyaya hanya kurapwa kunyange kuremara kana chinouraya mugumisiro. Wapiwa chokwadi ichi, zvakafanira kuongorora zvinobvira dzichipfekeka nepfungwa yacho thyroid shwanu.

Chii thyroid

Izvi zvinokosha reDare kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero. Sezvo yayo huru basa kusarudza kemikari hunoita kuti kugadzikana kwerunyararo homeostasis kwacho. Pasina basa iri zvakazara yose muviri hazvibviri.

Ndiyo thyroid shwanu pamberi Triangle kwemitsipa rakatenderedzwa pamusoro mujinga mandible, pazasi - the jugular notch pamusoro sternum, uye kumativi - pamberi micheto kuruboshwe nezvakarurama sternocleidomastoid tsandanyama. Sezvo munhu kukura nzvimbo muviri anogona kuchinja zvishoma. Somuenzaniso, kana vana simbi ndee pana ufanane thyroid shwashwa, vanhu pazera iye akatura yekudyidzana pazasi (iri yakadaro chinzvimbo kuti muviri anoumba Yaunoti sternal goiter).

Parameters uye sezvamunoita

The thyroid shwanu - muviri rinoumbwa maviri lobes uye rokuPacific. Pereshek pachayo zvakananga pamberi pechiso trachea. Asi mugove pedyo rworuboshwe uye kurutivi rworudyi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko Kuwanikwa zvimwe kufarira kuti ane pyramidal chimiro.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti thyroid shwanu - ndicho chikamu chikuru chinhu pamusoro kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa. Panguva iyoyo yake zvakanaka Lobe yakakura kupfuura kuruboshwe, uye kunoratidzwa zhinji vascularization. Achitaura thyroid uremu, zvinowanzoda anoda kubva 20 kusvika 60 magiramu. Uye nhamba iyi kunowedzera pakuyaruka uye zvinoderedza pakatanga nokukwegura.

Interesting ndechokuti ari thyroid shwanu vakadzi isingasviki vanhu, kunyange zvazvo panguva yepamuviri zvinova huru. Uyewo mumuviri ichi, chiri chimwe chezvinhu perfused, dzinoratidzwa unobva wokunze uye yomukati Kamudzira. Ndicho rokunze Kamudzira ane kiyi basa pakugadzirwa nemarunda, zvaida kugadzirisa shwanu pamusoro trachea uye dokeriro.

Muitiro ropa zvitengeswa

The thyroid shwanu - ndiwo muviri uko kupedza basa inokosha mari ropa inodiwa. Chikonzero ichi kuti ane akakura venous uye arterial nehurongwa yakatanga. Kana tikaenzanisa kusimba aibuda siyana nhengo dzomuviri, asi thyroid shwanu zvichava ka50 kupfuura tsandanyama fibers akasimba. Nhamba iyi aigona kuwedzera yekudyidzana ari chiitiko kwezvirwere kuti pamwe zvakawedzera kusunungurwa mahormone.

ropa kuyerera kupinda thyroid shwanu rinoitwa pachishandiswa maviri okumusoro thyroid arteries, izvo zvinoumba pakati pavo anastomoses. The water drainage ropa uye node riri nokuda vanoshingaira basa venous uye nhengo dzinobudisa nehurongwa. Kana pathological ezvinhu enyika thyroid uye thyroid nekurukurirano goho tireoblokiruyuschie immunoglobulins uye antithyroid antibodies.

Innervation of thyroid shwanu unoitwa zvibvire anoonga mapazi ari vagus etsinga uye mapazi remuromo ganglia.

kemikari basa

Zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti thyroid shwanu - ane chinhu pamusoro kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa. Saka, zvine musoro kuti titaure pamusoro kemikari kugadzirwa. muviri ichi secretes mhando nhatu zvinhu: calcitonin (a peptide kemikari) uye mbiri ayodhini tubhokisi chaikosha - thyroxine uye triiodothyronine. Zvinobatsira synthesize kare apical chikamu thyroid epithelium uye intrafollikulyarnoe nzvimbo (kuva kukwana mugumisiro). Pfungwa calcitonin imhaka kuti thymus shwanu uye parathyroid pamwe yezviri rubatsiro C-masero. Pasina izvozvo, zvaisazova zvichikwanisika mutemo potassium uye phosphorus muviri mumuviri womunhu.

Kutaura zvazviri, thyroid kemikari - a venhumbi kunoratidzwa chaivo basa. Panguva basa iri, rine migumisiro iri siyana kure masero omuviri.

Tirioidnye mahormone Somuenzaniso, vanofanira zvinobudirira synthesize mapuroteni mune nyama uye nhengo dzomuviri. A kuchengeterwa pavo thyroglobulin. Asi chinangwa chikuru thyroid kemikari - ndiye urongwa nemakemikari kuti basa rinokosha kukura simba vaifanira muviri kwomuzvarirwo kushanda, kunyange panguva yokuzorora.

Thyroid kemikari - chiri chinhu pasina pazviri zvisisakwanisiki kugadzirisa basa mwoyo, intestinal peristalsis uye irambe dzigadziridzwe achida tembiricha muviri.

Hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka zviri thyroid

Makemikari kunokosha migumisiro yose muviri, tiine basal mwero metabolic panguva achida chechetere. Naizvozvo, kana yebongozozo zvokutsinhanisa uyu nokukurumidza, uye dhefisiti - iri tava kuderera.

zvinogoneka thyroid chirwere zvose zvinogona rakakamurwa mhando dzakawanda inokosha:

- zvirwere achiperekedzwa vasanyanye pachiyero mahormone - hypothyroidism;

- pathologies umo zvakawedzera kwetunhu mahormone (hyperthyroidism);

- zvirwere kuti kuitika pasina kuchinja dzichipfekeka basa omumuviri asi kwakamutsa morphological anoshandura nechivako ayo (hyperplasia isiri yekenza, goiter inotungamirwa nokusunungura mapfundo etc.).

Mumwe kukonzera inotisvitsa kwaita pathological inoti - ndiko kushaya ayodhini pamuviri. Saka nguva dzose kuchikosha kutevera zvokudya, sezvo pane mishonga kuti rokuvandudza muchitokisi yaibatsira Kufananidzira uyewo kudzivirira kupinda mariri thyroid tishu.

zvakafanana zvirwere

Start, zvichida, ari chirwere chakadai, sezvo thyroid raiva pedyo nebundu. Chirwere chacho kuoma upenyu vanhu vazhinji. Kutaura zvazviri, thyroid raiva pedyo nebundu - chiduku chikamu rejira kwayo, izvo takapoteredzwa Kamudzira. kuchinja uku kunokonzerwa ayodhini kushaikwa, zvichiguma simbi anotanga kushanda nesimba, kuchipedza ichi chinhu kubva ropa. Emerging struma dilates midziyo ropa, saka compacting ari tishu. Mugumisiro izvi ndiko paumbwe nzvimbo. Zvatichiri kuchinja of thyroid shwanu - nderimwe zita chirwere ichi.

Doctors vari kuramba nomubvunzo kwaita zvisimbiso akawanda panguva imwe chete, njodzi iri kuti vanogona kuva kubva benign kune akaipa. Kana kuchinja kwakadaro kwakaitika, zvinokosha kuita oparesheni. Benign raiva pedyo nebundu Kuvhiya haina kunodiwa, uye kubatwa ayodhini nomuviri.

Vascularization of thyroid shwanu - nderimwe dambudziko, iyo inofambirana nenyaya nokuumbwa nokusunungura mapfundo. Chaizvoizvo Its mamota pasi chokwadi kuti kuwedzera arteries mana simbi kuumbwa midziyo itsva ropa, riri kukonzerwa chimiro zvisimbiso (nodes). Chokwadi zvakawedzera vascularization vangazivikanwa kubudikidza anotevera zviratidzo:

- tsandanyama kurwadziwa chishamiso;

- kakawanda chitarisiko nezvekufadza goiter;

- BP anodonhedza;

- akurumidze kuchinja uremu;

- vangadikitira;

- paumbwe edema;

- hormone zvirwere;

- kwakawedzera Hope uye kuneta.

Mukuwedzera kuratidzwa izvi ropa kuyerera zviwedzerwe thyroid shwanu kunogona kuderera kutarisirwa uye ndangariro, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange zvepabonde ushande. Nokuti kurapa zvirwere zvakadai vanofanira kuona chiremba-endocrinologist.

Sizvo mukugadzirisa mabasa

The dzose kushanda thyroid shwanu anoenderana vaviri kuvimbika masoja emuviri uye basa rose muviri. Saka, chero kukundikana hwakazara palpable nemigumisiro.

Neb thyroid basa - iri easing basa muviri ichi. dambudziko iri ane rimwe zita - hypofunction. Pane zvakawanda zvinoita kuti dzichipfekeka basa anogona kuderedzwa:

- zvirwere kuti inokonzerwa kuzvimba kweprostate gland kana kukuvadzwa;

- vachiberekwa anomalies;

- kushayikwa ayodhini mumuviri;

- the zvikuru kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvinoita kuti kukuvara thyroid.

Kana yechipiri hypofunction, muchiitiko ichi zvakafanira unyatsoteerera kukuvara pituitary, izvo anoita prostate.

Hypothyroidism - nderimwe dambudziko kuti hazvigoni kungotariswa. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti mwero kemikari zvaanoda dzakazara basa zvose muviri gadziriro dzavo kukwanisa kutsungirira kugara mutoro. Kana thyroid shwanu kutonhora, ipapo achaita chiketani maitiro chinoguma yekudyidzana kuipa tikwanise mamiriro ezvinhu munhu. Uye kana izvi zvaiva zvimwe zvinetso zvoutano, nekuvakunda achava zvokuvapfuura.

Nzira inonyanya kurapwa pamwe chirwere chakadai - hormone yokutsiva mishonga. Dzimwe nguva kuti umutse functionality kweprostate shure kufirwa, zvokuti mishomanana kutora thyroid mahormone.

Imwe nyaya kuti zvakakodzera ndiye hyperthyroidism. Ichi chirwere kuti anovandudza yakafanira kuwedzera kugadzirwa mahormone akadai triiodothyronine uye thyroxine.

The chirwere chinogona kukamurwa mhando nhatu: chikuru, yechipiri uye tertiary hyperthyroidism. Kazhinji, mabviro kuti kukura dambudziko iri muchetura goiter. It akadai shwanu zvinyama chisimbiso zvinogona kunzi zvinhu kukonzera kunyanya kugadzirwa mahormone.

Hyperthyroidism - iri chirwere chinogona kuva nokuda subacute thyroiditis, chaikonzerwa noutachiona prostate, nodular goiter kana muchetura adenoma. Migumisiro yakadaro chirwere chakaipa ari kutya simba, ndangariro vanotaura, ophthalmopathy (exophthalmia), achiperekedzwa kuwedzera kenza thyroid, kushaya hope uye kunyanya chepfu muviri pamwe mahormone.

Kazhinji, pane kunyanya makakatanwa zvose hurongwa uye nhengo, zvichiita kuti kusingarapiki kuchinja. Somugumisiro, mumwe munhu anogona kuva akaremara kana kunyange kufa. Hyperthyroidism ikarapwa nezvinodhaka kuti kuderedza kemikari, kuburikidza oparesheni uye achibatsirwa radioactive ayodhini.

Other zvakafanana zvokurwara

Townsfolk kazhinji nemamiriro akadai chakakura chirwere chakafanana hyperplasia isiri yekenza yacho thyroid shwanu. Ichi chinhu, sezvo kuwedzera dzichipfekeka masero ari nhengo. Somugumisiro, mashoko thyroid shwanu saizi kunowedzera yekudyidzana. Unonzi dzakawanda anonzi goiter.

Chinokonzera chirwere ichi kunogona kunyanyisa uye kushomeka kugadzirwa mahormone. Asi vose, zvakadai chirwere anokwanisa kuva pahwaro zvirwere zvakasiyana zvachose. Uye zvichienderana zvikonzero shanduko uye kurapwa nzira. Rine Mhando dzakawanda kuzvida kukura masero dzichipfekeka:

- the raiva pedyo nebundu (kuwedzera prostate Kukura nokuda chimiro cysts uye nodes);

- diffuse (dzakafanana kuwedzera pasina nokuumba nemicherechedzo);

- yakavhenganiswa.

Sarudza kuti anovandudza kuwedzera thyroid sero chirwere chinogona kunobva chikonzero dzakadai nokukurumidza Kuchinja uremu, chimiro nemavhinga zviri pamutsipa, kunyanyisa kugara kushatirwa, mutizi hope uye kutya. Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuziva mavambo hyperplasia isiri yekenza uye chiito chakakodzera nokukurumidza.

Chimwe zvokurwara kuti Kazhinji zvakakosha kuti kubata endocrinologists - hypoplasia of thyroid shwanu. ichi vachiberekwa malformation, izvo zvinoonekwa kushaya kuvandudzika zvinyama muviri. Chikonzero kuti vanhu vanofanira kubata chirwere chakadaro, kushayikwa ayodhini mumuviri panguva yepamuviri. The akaipa basa kutamba uye zvakasiyana-siyana urema mu fetus yakaderera thyroid mashandiro panguva mukubereka vana. chirwere ichi chinogona kuonekwa pauduku, nekuti ndicho chinokonzera hypothyroidism uye cretinism.

A nzira kiyi kukurira hypoplasia - ndiko kushandiswa thyroid mahormone. Uyezve, hazvina zvakakodzera kunonoka kurapwa. Aifanirawo nechokwadi kuti mwana kukwizwa uye physiotherapy purogiramu. Izvi zvakakosha nokuti kazhinji, vana vane chirwere chakafanana anovandudza zvaipesana tsandanyama inzwi uye sangano.

Pane zviitiko apo varwere vanouya vanachiremba-endocrinologists vane dambudziko rakafanana heterogeneous thyroid shwanu. Ndiko, zvakanaka kutsanangura mazwi ose Ultrasound kurapa, maererano nayo dambudziko rakadaro anonzi diffuse chinja. Tiri kutaura nokuchinja thyroid rinenge umo muviri wose unoratidza mutsindo zvakaipa.

The zvinokonzera kuchinja uku kunogona kuva chinhu chikuru - iri kutadza ayodhini pamuviri. Gogonera thyroid rinenge hwapedyo pahwaro zvinotevera zvirwere: subacute thyroiditis, goiter, chisingaperi autoimmune thyroiditis, diffuse hunokachidza goiter uye zvakasiyana. Kazhinji, ari kuzvimba munyama imhaka pathological kurwisa kwesimba romuviri rinodzivirira zvirwere.

Kutaura kurapwa, zvinokosha kuziva kuti chero improvisation hwakazara zvakaipa, saka zvinokosha pakutanga kunoona chiremba anokwanisa zvokurapa. Kazhinji, nyanzvi dziri dzakabatwa kuti vanotongwa zvigadzirwa ane ayodhini kana potassium iodide. Asi zvakaitika kutyorwa kuri thyroid shwanu iri mutemo chakaita zvokugadzirwa analogue pakati thyroid kemikari. Kuri kuti vaizvambarara zvinyama vanotanga vomanikidza pedyo zvomukati, kufungisisa kuvhiyiwa.

Zvakakosha kuziva zvakawanda zvakadaro dambudziko sezvo chichiwedzera echogenicity yacho thyroid shwanu. Kuti rinogona kunzwisiswa kana kushandisa Ultrasound chete. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti izwi iri chete rinoshandiswa kutsanangura Ultrasound mufananidzo. Shoko iri rinotsanangura mano Mucheka yokufungisisa kutaurirwa yake yakakwirira Frequency inzwi.

Chokwadi chokuti kuchinja mufananidzo Ultrasound uchapupu chitarisiko chipi zvokurwara. Chero zvazvingava, Ultrasound unyanzvi kunobatsira kuti zvakarurama rokuongorora kuti kutyora rehurumende, kana thyroid chaitika.

Hashimoto kuti thyroiditis

nyaya iyi akafanirwa vainyatsotarisirwa. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kana nemamiriro akadai chirwere se "thyroid akati", zviri zvikuru chirwere chakakomba rinoda kwazvo yokusvika apore. Musimboti dambudziko ichi ndechokuti mumuviri mune chirwere kuzvimba zvinyama kuti ane autoimmune mavambo. Chinokonzera wehurumende iyi inokanganisa muviri zvirwere kuti thyroid masero.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chirwere yakadaro kusvika 30% zvirwere zvose nechokuita kweprostate. Uyezve, dambudziko iri rinowanikwa vakadzi 15-20 nguva kakawanda kupfuura vanhu. Pangozi muri vanhu vane makore 40 kusvika 50 makore.

Autoimmune thyroiditis inogona rakakamurwa marudzi akawanda:

- nyarara. Zvinoita chinokosha kuderera kutapata saka idiopathic zvakasikwa.

- Cytokine-induced . Ichi chimiro chechirwere chinozviratidza mushure mekushandiswa kwe interferon, iyo inoshandiswa kurapa hosha uye zvirwere zveropa.

- Chronic . Chinokonzera rudzi urwu rwe thyroiditis ndiko kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwezvirwere uye ma-T-lymphocytes mumatundu emuchena.

- Postpartum . Chirwere chacho chinokura pamusana pemubereki.

Zvechokwadi, kunzwisisa dambudziko re "thyroid gland" AIT - chii icho? ", Zvakakosha kuteerera nzeve. Kunzwa kuongororwa kwakadai, kutanga pane zvose unoda kuenda kuna chiremba. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mushure mekuongororwa, varwere vanorayirwa hormone replacement therapy. Tora mishonga inorayirwa zuva rega rega nekuwedzera kwemuti.

Kana chirwere ichi chiri mune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira, uye goiter yasvika pakukura kukuru, zvino zvichave zvakakodzera kutendeukira kune rubatsiro rwechiremba, sezvo zvisingakwanisi kubudirira kufambira mberi mukurapa pasina kupindira kwekuvhiya.

Zvakakosha panguva yekuratidzwa kwekuvhiringidza kwete kushandisa kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Izvi hazvibatsiri kusimbisa hutachiona hwehutachiona, uye hutachiona huchaenderera mberi. Zvakakosha kuisa pfungwa pahutano hwakakosha uye hwakakodzera munguva pasi pekutungamirirwa kweumwe nyanzvi. Iyi nzira inokwanisa kupa mhinduro inoda.

Kukosha kwekudzivirira

Kubva pane ruzivo rwuri pamusoro, tinogona kugumisa kuti hutachiona hwehutano hwakakosha hune ngozi. Nokudaro, pane zviratidzo zvinenge zvichinyunyuta zvinenge zvichidiwa kuenda kuongorori uye kana zvichizarura chirwere chechirwere chechirongwa pasina nguva kunotanga kurapwa. Kuti udzikise hutachiona hwezvirwere zvehutachiona kusvika pane zvishoma, unoda kutevera mitemo shomanana yakaoma: kuwedzera kudya kwako nemishonga yakakwirira yeododhi, nguva dzose kuchenesa muromo (kazhinji kuburikidza nemazino, kunokonzerwa necaries, chirwere chinopinda mukati meglandhi) uye kunyatsoshandisa kurapa chero Zvirwere zveCatarrhal.

Uine unyanzvi uye unofadza prophylaxis, unogona kudzivisa matambudziko akawanda ane chirwere chetachiona.