The rechikepe chikepe: photo, zita, saizi

Mast - chinhu chinokosha uye chiri chikamu chakakosha muchikepe, raiva rechikepe. yakananga basa rayo - kushumira sepokutangira kugadzira rechikepe, NN Andreev (zvakamisa hurongwa rechikepe), uyewo kutsigira maseiri. Chiizve ndinogona kukuudza pamusoro muchikepe masts? A yakawanda anobatsira uye dzinonakidza mashoko unodzidza mubishi kuverenga nyaya.

Kukwirira muchikepe masts, nhamba

Zvichienderana chinangwa muchikepe masts ndivo miti yakasiyana. Vamwe vanosvika 60 M apo pakukora pechingoro 1 m.

Uye zvingani masts ngarava? nhamba yavo kunoenderana kukura mudziyo. Kureba foremast uye mizzen-rechikepe kunobva nokukwirira chii kubva mainmast. Saka, wekutanga 8 \ 9 nhengo dzawo, uye wechipiri 6 \ 7. zvikuru izvi hazvisi zvipi midziyo yose. Ivo zvaitsamira zvido vagadziri navavaki.

Kana kuverenga pamusoro mainmast yakaitwa sezvinotevera. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuwedzera kukwira urefu rezasi uriri uye mukuru upamhi, kunoguma Verengai yakakamurwa vaviri. Nhamba iyi ndiyo Kureba rechikepe kwechikepe.

Pakutanga kukura kutumirwa uye shipbuilding mu mudungwe wemabhazi pamwe rechikepe rimwe chete uye seiri. Nokufamba kwenguva, budiriro yasvika zvokuti zvikepe zvavo kuisa putswa nomwe.

The inonyanya chakajairika - dura chikepe yakarurama matatu uye mumwe oblique rechikepe.

Zita rechikepe ane chikepe

Location of rechikepe mungarava rinorondedzera zita rayo. Somuenzaniso, kana tiri kufunga-masted matatu chikepe, zvinova pachena kuti basa rokutanga rechikepe mhino anonzi "foremast".

Dzinomutevera mainmast ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose. Uye duku anonzi "mizzen-pedanda rechikepe." Kana pane mbiri chete, chikuru rechikepe ndiye ari pedyo shure.

Munzvimbo chinzvimbo vachida pauta rechikepe anonzi "bowsprit". Pazvikepe ekare kurereka angled kwakanga 36⁰, ikozvino 20⁰ nayo. Chinangwa charo chikuru kupa mukuru wekushanduka mudziyo. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuda ndechokuti mberi wakabudiswa rinokosha mativi maseiri.

Kana chikepe ane masts kupfuura vatatu, vose achitevera foremast, achaiswa kwaireva cavern 1st, 2nd, uye saka cavern. D.

Kuronga uye waivako zvokuvakisa ezvirevo

Kakawanda chikepe rechikepe (Photos dzedzimwe mhuka dzavo, une mukana kuona munyaya) akagadzirwa yenhengo kuti arambe mumwe. Chawo anonzi danda rechikepe, uye zvinoumba kwayo kuenderera - pamusoro masts. Yokumusoro Chikamu rechikepe ane rokuti "pamusoro."

igwa duku iri nepokuongorora rechikepe muti mumwe (odnoderevki), uye ngarava hombe takashongedzerwa aine chinoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu. Vanogona kuva namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara kana zvakakodzera.

Material nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi - matanda kana simbi. Of simbi (simbi kana chiedza simbi) kuti pombi vakazochinja kuva rechikepe mungarava.

Rechikepe akaita kwechikepe huni? Ivo:

• Spruce.
• Larch.
• Omusipiresi.
• Stone mupaini.
• Namo nemipaini uye t. D.

Miti vanofanira kuva chiedza uye anotsvedzerera anobuda pamiti nemakwenzi.

Various kupatsanura masts

Kare kusiyaniswa nzvimbo rechikepe mungarava:

• Nasal.
• Avhareji.
• The rwemberi.

Kushandiswa rechikepe ndiyo hwaro hwayo weboka mu:

• Signal. Uyu vachisimudza rechikepe unokosha zvichikurukura zviratidzo, mireza, magetsi kana kuti kugadzwa antennas.
• Cargo. Zvinonzi akashongedzerwa chaiwo nomazviri kugadzira zvinhu kuwedzera. Asi kana zvakakodzera, anogona kuita zvakafanana mashandiro sezvo chiratidzo rechikepe.
• Special. rechikepe ichi akaitira chero zvikuru chinangwa.

Maererano pakuvaka rechikepe chikepe rakakamurwa:

• Single. Waterproof rechikepe rinoshandiswa kuti kuwedzera pamidziyo duku, uyewo kufamba nechikepe uye ebetsero ngarava. Ivo vane mhando mbiri, aoma uye articulated.
• Tripods. Its sezvamunoita 3 pombi simbi.
• Four-makumbo marefu. The rechikepe iri mudungwe pamwe simbi ndiro pamatanda.
• Bashennopodobnye. Akavaka nzvimbo iri tiers. Vari zvarakanyorerwa pakuongorora uye placement nzvimbo.

Location of rechikepe mungarava yakatenuka

Kugovera wekushandisa rinopa vavaki rebei mugove zvokudya pfungwa. Zvakakosha kuisa masts mungarava. Izvi zvakakodzera kuitira kuti ngarava yacho yakanga kudzoreka. Zvishoma nezvishoma kwakakonzera kuti chidzoke dzimwe mitemo.

Center repasi kuguma rechikepe richinzi chaizvo zvachose. Nokuyerwa rinotanga pajinga uriri, rechikepe wokutanga unoiswa 1 \ 9 kureba kwayo, wechipiri - 5 \ 9, wechitatu - 17 \ 20. kuyerwa izvi hazvina kuitwa paivakwa nezvikepe zvavatengesi. French foremast dare pakuiswa pana 1 \ 10 muchikepe, dzemaitirwe akatungamirira, kubva uta.

Nemikwidza rechikepe akanga akasiyana, zvimwe zvikepe nechikepe zvakanaka masts, Nokusarerekera panguva mberi, mumwe shure. mudziyo pfupi asi rakapamhamha yakavakwa masts, raiva pedyo pakati, Nokusarerekera zvakasimba panguva shure. A refu, mukusiyana, akaisa hunyambiri zvivako, sezvo zvakanga vaidavira kuti munguva rwendo ane chinokosha mhepo nemishonga pedanda rechikepe mukaputsa.

Chii chinodiwa mungarava rechikepe

Nhasi, ari masts yakaiswa:

• Kanyanga.
• Mwenje.
• Anonongedzera.
• Communication.
• Flags.
• Kubhururuka zvakabatanidzwa (kana chikepe nhumbi).

Asi pasinei ichi, chinangwa chinokosha pamusoro rechikepe - kutsigira kuti chikepe maseiri. Zvimwe zvose - munyaya okunze.

Kugadzira masts ngarava

Sei nokuwedzera kwakaita masts mungarava? shongwe Single akapfuura kuti fastening ari gomba rokumusoro uriri uye Spurs (pasi rechikepe) iri welded pasi kana pasi wechipiri. The waya unobatanidza rechikepe kuti puranga, akadana vakomana. The nechemberi rechikepe chinotsigirwa imwe forestay uye kubva astern kumhanya backstays. The bowsprit ndee pachishandiswa chinokosha Waterski vulingov yakagadzirwa dzakasimba tambo. Zvino akatsiva netambo dziri mudunhu.

chikepe rechikepe ndee kuna achipfeka kana vakayambuka nawo uye wanamatira kuti keel. Zvikurukuru, zviri ikozvino pazvinhu kabhini padenga chaiyo masvingo nechepamusoro. In nzira iyi kuda pane zvakanaka divi:

1. The nzvimbo mukati kabhini akasununguka, ichi hazvirevi kungatadzisa kufamba.
2. Mune chiitiko petsaona rechikepe, iyo wanamatira uriri, regai kubvarura unhani cabins, asi kungorega kuwa mugungwa.
3. Fastening nechepamusoro anopa mumwe zvinobatsira - kana kubvisa zviri nyore kubvisa. Nepo rechikepe richisimuka kubva keel, zvaizoda kondo zviito ichi.

warships

Masts nokuti Mapato Matare yakadai hwendarira uye vanonzi "rwisana". To vanonzi zvakabatanidzwa chaiyo platforms, izvo inoshandiswa zvokuongorora kana hunokosha kuti pakugovera atirari michina.

Yakapfuura rechikepe warships zvakaitwa namatanda zvikukutu, asi kana yakarohwa mu goko chikepe wake hwakaramba pasina kutaurirana. Kufungisisa zvose zvinokanganiswa nguva, zvino simbisai anokosha trohnogie kana yekamuri (fishnet) rechikepe. Vane yakatsiga zvikuru, regai inopera zvakananga corners.

Zvichienderana nokuwanda matanda rakakamurwa one-, zviviri, mashanu, chetyrohmachtovye dare.

Maseiri-urongwa

Vangani masts muchikepe, zita rayo kunobva. Pyatimachtovye, chetyrohmachtovye, kuti chikepe 2, 4 uye 5 masts barquentine (1 zvakananga rechikepe slanting 2), Brig masts 2, uye Schooner, Caravel brigantine uye t. D.

Kuwanda shongwe anowanikwa vavo nzvimbo uye mafungiro - zvose zviri zviratidzo.

Zvikepe Sailing vari muzvikamu zvitatu mifananidzo, zvichienderana sei masts zhinji yakaiswa pamusoro pavo:

• Single-masted chaienda midziyo, izvi zvinosanganisira yawl wool, Kate, uye saka sloop. D.
• Two-masted pangarava - a brig, mumwe schooner, brigantine, etc ...
• Three-masted pangarava: frigate Caravel, kuhukura, etc ...

A Nhoroondo shoma

Zvino munoziva kuti chikepe rechikepe, sezvo zvinongoitikawo nokuti zvavari, uye zvichingodaro .. In mhedziso Ndinoda kuenda zvishoma mberi kupinda nyaya uye kunotiudzei nezvevamwe dzinonakidza chokwadi kuti zvechokwadi achava kufarira vaya vanofarira nyaya iyi.

Vanhu akadzidza kushandisa maseiri dzavo mamwe makore 3000 akapfuura. Kana vanhu vakatanga kushandisa mhepo kuti zvakavanakira. Ipapo seiri yakanga yakasarira chaizvo uye akarisunga kusvikira pachivanze, riri pamusoro diki pedanda rechikepe. Batsirai kuvaka yakadaro chete ine mhepo akanaka. Saka dzimwe nguva pfungwa hazvina chaizvoizvo.

Papera chinguva, panguva iyo feudal ezvinhu, shipbuilding yabudirira kukura zvikuru. Ngarava iri vakapakata masts maviri uye maseiri zvaishandiswa zvikuru mberi siyana. Asi kukura shipbuilding panguva iyoyo uye haana kushanda. Mumazuva iwayo, akanga zvinowanzoshandiswa muranda wechibharo. Saka, kutanga indasitiri iyi hapana.

Pashure kunyangarika vashandi vakasununguka akava basa rakaoma kuvafambisi vengarava. Operation ngarava, sangano yakanga zvaibvira chete kutora chikamu vakawanda vakwasvi vakava zvisingabviri sezvo chiparadzirwe uye kuwedzera wezvokutengeserana ukama kunoreva kufamba kuti mufambo kure-kure.

The mudziyo wokutanga inosangana zvaidiwa nguva, ainzi "petemberi". Pakutanga rakanga imwe kana mbiri masts. Its kureba mamita 40. A chokufambisa anogona anenge 500 matani ari mudziyo pachayo.

Karrakka - vatatu-masted chikepe. masts maviri okutanga vakanga vakapakata mativi maseiri, yokupedzisira yakanga mativi. Zvadaro, marudzi awa maviri kubatanidzwa mugomba chete uye zvaiva kumumvuri zvikepe ano uye frigates.

Galleon - Spanish muchikepe 4 masts uye bowsprit, ine mativi maseiri.

Pakuzadzisa ari shipbuilding zvakaita kuti kupatsanura pachena ngarava. Weboka kupinda wezvokutengeserana uye vemauto nemidziyo vakatsunga maoko avo.