The kupenda "Black Square" by Malevich: zvinoreva mufananidzo, tsanangudzo

Mumwe zana apfuura, izvi zviviri mashoko nomusoro, kwete kupa zororo kuna kwazvo vanhu vazhinji. The kupenda "Black Square" chero wokumwe mudzidzi uri - yakakurumbira Russian basa uri - chiratidzo pfungwa kwenguva refu nguva mberi nguva kunyange nokukurumidza XX remakore.

cataclysms munguva Artist

Kazimir Severinovich Malevich akararama upenyu hwangu, muduku zvakafanana zvaitika munhu akangwara charlatan kubva uri, wakakugadzirirai chinangwa kupfuma nokutengesa abstruse dzidziso, chiratidzo icho chinoonekwa chaizvo "nyanzvi" kupenda ne Malevich "Black Square". Akaberekerwa muna 1879 muKiev, mune imwe huru kugadzirwa mhuri maneja mufekitari shuga. Chido chaiva kuwana kubva pauduku, asi mari yakaderera haabvumirwi kugamuchira kugara muri dzidzo, kumanikidzwa mangwanani unotanga kushanda upenyu sechipo draftsman.

In Kursk, apo akatamira mhuri Malevich, akaronga denderedzwa evanofarira uye vakatanga kugadzirira kupinda Moscow School of Painting, izvo akaedza remuSamoa kuita muna 1905 - Iye vasina kudzidza. Kunyange zvazvo Casimir atova murume mhuri, akatamira kuMoscow, akadzidzisa muchikoro kudzidza Imperial Academy of Arts F. I. Rerberga private uye kushingaira paChikoro noumhizha shamwari, dzimwe nguva chinonyanya kukuru - akadai "Jack kuti Diamonds", "Mbongoro kuti Muswe" , "Blue mutasvi" uye zvichingodaro. d.

kutsvaka nguva

New Era chakagumisa tsaru tsika. Kurasa pfungwa yakajeka zvinhu zvokufananidzira unyanzvi, kunyora nguva akatora mufananidzo uye nascent firimu, kumanikidza vemifananidzo vaedze chimiro. Zveupfumi chimurenga akaita sabatsira zvatinosiita misoro, kushingaira kufurira kutsvaka zvitsva kugutsikana pamatende.

Malevich akagara pakati unyanzvi upenyu kwave kuchinjwa zvemberi dzinoitwa: akanyora impressionistic nharaunda, akatora chikamu mune nharo nezviito Futurists (eg - achifamba Kuznetsky Bridge pamwe yematanda nezvirongo mu buttonholes dzavo), dzakapendwa sezvinoita cubism, kwakasimbiswa yake Style - "abstruse realism ", akagadzira bhuku kupfuura chains-garde vadetembi akadai A. chakakombama uye Velimir Khlebnikov. Pamwe chete Mayakovsky akasunungura "chitsamhura Nhasi ', zvinoratidza zviitiko World War First.

"Kukunda pamusoro Sun"

Kunyange muna 1913, kwave kune zviitiko zvikuru ndakatsunga okusika upenyu Malevich. In St. Petersburg vaipinda "The First All-Russian Congress of Futurists", iyo wakapindwa nevanhu vatatu: vakatanga mumwe mutauro mutsva - "zaum" - Aleksey Kruchonyh, mutsigiri zvenziyo dissonance Michael Matyushin uye tichishingaira anokumhan'arira dzokufananidzira kupenda Kazimir Malevich. Mugumisiro basa akafuridzirwa akanga zvesimba zviviri dhanzi "Kukunda pamusoro Sun", zvaisanganisira munhoroondo chains-garde nounyanzvi. Hazvina kubva pano pakutanga Malevich kupenda "Black Square" - akafanana kweshoko akazviratidza ari colour kuti zvandakaona kuna 1st chakaitwa dhanzi.

The dingindira guru dhanzi rakanga kuberekwa itsva, injini remangwana, izvo zvinogona chete kuitika kana zvachose nyika yekare. dingindira iri mudzidziso nevanhu vasiri nyanzvi vatambi vari tarenda zvokupfeka pachishandiswa yokunyora nokudhirowa kubudikidza Malevich, vanoti kujeka, asi kuratidza "musoro", kutama pakati zvinoshamisa girl pasi utsinye atonal ruzha zvikaramba kubva kugumbuka piyano. Mabasa yakaguma muna wokupomera, t. E. The chinangwa yakanga kubudirira.

"0,10" kuratidza

Vakararama akaona Malevich anokwanisa vabatane vakamupoteredza Artists zvinobatana kuti vaunze pfungwa. Asi kunyange vatsigiri vake raiva rakazara kushamiswa kwemasimba 39 Mifananidzo vakagadzirira pashoo wakasvinudza December 19, 1915 ari maberere N. Dobychina pamusoro ari Champ de Mars muna Petrograd. The zita "Zero Ten" kwaireva razero chinangwa siyana ari mifananidzo uye exhibitors gumi (kunyange paiva 14). Yaiva nguva yake yokutanga kwaiva mufananidzo "bhokisi dema" - pikicha rinoburitsa kwake "zvitsvuku pakona", apo kazhinji akaisa mifananidzo. The Artist pachake akaturika mufananidzo usiku pamberi buri, akanyora mapepa uye zvikamu, akagadzira Manifesto "Kubva Cubism kuna Suprematism. New hwezvaizoitika realism. " Saka akava mukuru mutsva zvinoyevedza sangano, ane chiratidzo aiva mufananidzo "Black Square". The pashoo yave akasarudzwa se "Last Futurist", asi tsanangudzo rive yezwi Suprematism, sezvo pfungwa ne Malevich, vamwe ake haana kubvumirana - zvakare okunyanyisa pfungwa vakazivisa Artist.

Suprematism

The zita rinobva muchiLatin supremus - soro - uye Polish supremacja - ukuru, ukuru. The yokungotaura kukura rutsva werudzii Malevich akati pamusoro kutonga kuti irrelevance sezvo kutsanangura unhu ounyanzvi kwechokwadi. Vasunungurwa wokufananidzira kupenda anova chiito yakaisvonaka kusikwa, kufanana naMwari, uye kupenda "Black Square" mupfungwa iyi ine unhu pervokletki, chikuru che munyika itsva.
Chimwe zvinoreva izwi Malevich anoratidza yakaoma kukoshesa zvatovapo vakasikwa makuru zvishandiso kuti anoshandisa - mavara, mitsetse, nyore geometric siyana. Wokutanga Suprematist motifs, kusanganisira mifananidzo Kazimira Malevicha "Black Square", aiva chaiyo expressiveness kunobva zvipfupi ruvara nziyo, kwete kunaka Linear uye zvemuchadenga maonero, kutevedzera bhuku uye zvichingodaro. D. Mune ramangwana, kukura dzinokosha akatora chimiro nezvainoita Genres siyana - nani zvikuru simbi Zvinoumba manhamba yevanhu akazviratidza kunyange-dimensional matatu zvinhu - "architectons" mashoko kuva Malevich maonero ramangwana mapurani.

Hwaro hwenyika itsva wakasika by the artist akanga makuru okuti - "Black Square". Zvinoreva mufananidzo atomu akanga akatsunga kukosha randakapiwa unoreva zvakawanda uye "Black Square" haasimbiswi Mapping aripo nyika uye itsva, vamwe chokwadi uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvenyika. Chii?

Apotheosis kuti irrelevance

Vachizivisa rusununguko zvechokwadi yakaisvonaka art zvemakore zvinhu chokwadi, yokudhirowa anouya vanotozvikuvadza kuti kurasikirwa chero yokufananidzira, kana kuti anzvere kwokutanga chimiro, izvo hazvibviri kuparadzana kupinda constituent okunze. Ndicho chinhu chikuru kuti anowanikwa Malevich - "Black Square". Zvinoreva mufananidzo ndechokuti pfungwa zvinoberekwa nayo, hakunei kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kugutsikana, kubva kusonganira chinangwa nyika, kuti magwaro anotaura zvakananga nemadimikira. Basa ratakapiwa Wizard harisi nyore, zvinoda kutora chikamu ari Fafitera, iyo voltage simba raro pakunamata, kuvapo nazvo zvimwe mukwende. Kazhinji haasi kupa mhinduro dzakajeka, uye inomirira itsva nzira kundotora pazvidhindo zvoupenyu, uye hakusi kuti chinangwa mifananidzo?

Color - hwaro kupenda ano

The wakazara Musoro kupenda tenzi wake dzakakurumbira runotaurwa "Black Suprematist mativi pamusoro chena background." For the artist uye muzivi pano zvaikosha shoko rose, nekuti ndiro rine chokwadi ruvara, zvikuru irimo Suprematism. Unogona kuwana rondedzero mufananidzo "Black Square" by Malevich, apo Ruvara pendi kureva kanivhasi, ndiko kunzwisisa musanganiswa zvakasiyana noruvara, ramakagadzwa hakuna dema uye chena bezels zvakajeka inonzi flickering chiedza ruomba kwerima guru.

Kunenge kuti zvaiva nomusoro kuti tenzi, paakanga achiita anotevera matanho - mu yakakurumbira munhevedzano "chena chena" apo expressiveness kuti kupenda pazvikanganiso dzisinganyatsooneki ruvara ukama pakati ndege. The kupenda "Black Square" - nokunzi chikuru ruvara, zvikuru dzinorema, chinokosha, musiyano. Kunyange zvazvo kunzwisisa vatema pamusana vaiitawo chezvinhu mavara (kudziya uye kuchitonhora, spectral nezvimwe), kunosimbisa kukosha kuzivisa ichi.

Energy uye chiedza

Ndosaka kutaurwa ane mativi dema chinoonekwa basa Malevich panyaya pamasikiro futuristic dhanzi "Victory pamusoro Sun" wokutanga. Description of mufananidzo "Black Square", tsanangudzo jena vairemekedzwa pairi anoiswa ane opaque hwakasimba mufananidzo sechiedza Vachirova nezvedambudziko kwechidzitiro kumbowanikwa the artist uye vateereri, uye kunyanya organically ari akapoteredza kuitika munyika dhanzi.

Zvinoshamisa sei Malevich akakwanisa kufungidzira yevedza nzvimbo vava kukamura uchishandisa pashure hafu yezana remakore. Ad Reinhardt, Sol LeWitt, pasina mubvunzo, vakanga vachifamba munzira anomiririrei "Black Square". In Mark Rothko kuti ruvara uye simba vibration laconic chimiro anowana yepasi pose pose, uye achishandisa kutaura simba iri rakafanana Suprematist anenge chaizvoizvo.

Hazvizivikanwi kuti zvikuru chaiva Malevich nenheyo siyana nevanhu, nyore parallelism kumativi square, ripple avakaita uye flickering dema, asi chinhu chinoita rokuziva mufananidzo uye miniti usingaonekwi nemwaranzi kwazviri yava zvaioneka.

The dambudziko pfungwa, kuguma mifananidzo?

Banal appropriation romubati shasha ouprofita unhu, asi kuna Malevich kuti kufanoona zviri pachena. Paivawo pachena kune vomunguva chezvinyorwa motifs, yaakapa Malevich "Black Square". Zvinoreva mufananidzo vakaona vari akafa kuguma, iyo chakaunza unyanzvi painting, uye kunyanya, pave mumagariro pfungwa.

Zvavaisiita kushanda yakanaka hwemashiripiti akanzi usashanda uye mativi akaona semhedzisiro okusika tsvakiridzo formalists. Ndosaka pane yezvechitendero kuti kana akaona "Black Square", Picasso akarasika kufarira Cubism - kufamba mberi kuenda ... Usawedzera netariro yasvika nguva yehondo uye fungidziro zvakajeka remangwana echimurenga nenyonganyonga.

Asi, kubva kumusoro pakatsaurirwa nguva masirogani akaziviswa Malevich, anonzwa kudaidzwa kutsvaga nzira itsva, uye nokumunyima vatana nzira kwokuva kuchinja nyika sezvisipo rave. Izvi hwakasimbiswa ne mamwe basa tenzi uye vadzidzi vake chinhanho pfungwa dzake.

ratidza otstcheta

Malevich kanivhasi achiri excites gobvu navatsinhiri, iyo excites zita womufananidzo wacho uye mari inobhadharwa kuti mufananidzo yepakutanga - ari "vatsoropodzi" vane mwana-mhandara njere. Ivo zvimwe tenda muna razero kukosha unyanzvi kwakadaro. The Black Buri, kuchipedza chiedza nezvenyaya yechokwadi afunge tsika, uye zvinoita sokuti zvikuru vachengeti pakunamata tsika uye yetsika.

Zvichakadai, zita Malevich anozivikanwa ose ramangwana yokudhirowa, mugadziri kana mapurani munyika, Suprematism chakabata yakakurumbira wepanguva Artists. Somuenzaniso, munyori wacho Ultra-ano siyana mukuvaka uye vakapoteredzwa murume - Zaha neHadhidhi - anosimbisa kuchinja pfungwa wokuRussia Artist vose wake basa.

Zvaunofanira kuita mufananidzo "Black Square"

Unogona kurarama upenyu pasina kufunga pamusoro zvakakodzwa upenyu hwomutambarakede, kuona nyika zvakasiyana pane vamwe. nharo neshamwari uye nevavengi, kuti vadzidzi, kuedza kuita kuti yakarurama wehurumende simba uye akawira muurombo uye kuutapwa, kuti kufa nechirwere chinorwadza haisati kukwegura uye ichachinja mariro dzavo mugove chains-garde nounyanzvi.

Asi nei omesa zvinhu? Canvas, zvishoma pendi uye zvishoma kuti kupenda unyanzvi - vakagadzirira Paaidzidzisa wenyika kukosha. Uye kunyange nani - kombiyuta fora uye yepamusoro aidhinda - saka muchechetere, zvikuru zvakarurama, vakanaka ... uye Chikurukuru - ndikasafananidza mamwe pfungwa nesimba, nekuti zvose zviri nyore ...