The chivezwa "Laocoön uye Nevanakomana": tsananguro uye wongororo

Zvinosuruvarisa kushanda kuti Parian machena vavezi vemabwe matatu "Laocoon navanakomana vake." The chivezwa hunorondedzera itwa baba vake nevana vake kutiza zvinouraya kuvambundira kuti Entangling muviri nyoka dzavo.

Background ngano

Nyaya inotanga pamazuva okutanga chaizvo. Yakaisvonaka Leda, mudzimai waMambo Tyndareus pamusoro Sparta, mwanasikana Helen yaZeus. Paakakura, yakanga yakanaka kwazvo omunhu zvose.

Zvizhinji kwaari kuti Woo suitors, asi Helen akasarudza Menelaus akanaka. Pakafa Tyndareus akanga akagadzirira choushe.

Mambo Troy akaberekwa mwanakomana Priam. Muvuki akafanotaura kuti mukomana uyu achaparadza vose Trojans. Maererano mirayiridzo vamambo akanga akandwa musango zvokuti akafira ipapo, asi iye akura kuva akanaka jaya uye boka zvakaitika murunyararo.

Zvikonzero yatanga hondo Trojans uye vaGiriki

vanamwarikadzi vatatu - Athena, Hera uye Aphrodite - akagamuchira nezvakaipa mwarikadzi kupesanisa Eris apuro neshoko "Zvakanaka". Vaikwanisa kuzviita kuti mugovane pakati pavo. Pusa Hermes akanyengetedza Paris kuva mutongi mugakava ravo. Aphrodite akavimbisa Paris rudo kupfuura woman, Helen, uye akagamuchira kuchiva apple. Paris akanyengera Helen wokuGirisi kundomutora kure kuna Troy. Saka vakatanga refu uye ropa hondo pakati Trojans uye vaGiriki nokuda yakaisvonaka Helen.

Kurutivi vaGiriki vakava Athena, Apollo vakabatsira Trojans. Zviri chinodiwa kuziva kana kufunga chivezwa "Laocoon".

namano Greek

Nguva, makore gumi aiva hondo. VaGiriki akakomba Troy haana kukanda mapfumo. magamba Vakawanda vakafa kumativi ose. Unyengeri Odysseus afunga sei kupinda muguta rakakombwa vaGiriki akatakura Greek kukupfura. VaGiriki akaita bhiza yemapuranga hombe. Vakabatsirwa ne Athena. Vakaiisa mapoka ake uye kuita chokuzvivanza: vakakwira zvikepe zvavo uye nechikepe mugungwa. Vachifara akaenda kuongorora kumusasa vaGiriki Trojans yakamira kushamiswa paakaona bhiza hombe.

Mumwe aida vamusundidzire mugungwa, uye vamwe - kubvisa kuna Troy sechiratidzo kukunda. Iyi pfungwa inokosha zvikuru kuti imaged kuzoita. Mupristi Laocoon chivezwa iyo dzichakurukurwa, haangapukunyuki nokunyengera kwomukuru Pallas Athena.

nyore Trojans

Nevamwe vagari vakasiya mupristi yamwari Apollo. Sculpture "Laocoon" rinoratidza kwete pfungwa. Akateterera vagari varege kubata bhiza, dambudziko guru akafanotaura. Laocoon kunyange akakanda ari bhiza pfumo, uye mukati yokuridza zvombo zvesimbi. Asi zviri zvikanganiswe pfungwa "vakundi". Havana kutenda kuti tinofanira kutya vaGiriki, kunyange kana vachiuya nezvipo. Vakavimba mutorwa, uyo akati kuti bhiza anofanira kufadza Pallas Athena, kana vachida kumugamuchira kwaari. Sezvaakataura, rikabuda mugungwa chishamiso akatuma Athena - vaviri hofori nyoka. Zvinonzi zvikuru zvakaita kuti Trojans, uye vakatora bhiza muguta.

Ngano Laocoon navanakomana vake

Pagungwa Ndakanyengetera kuna Poseidon Laocoon navanakomana vake. Izvi writhing muviri marin'i uye vakapfeka tsvuku sezvo mazimbe, maziso uye crests mumusoro, nokukurumidza uye dzichimhanya akananga kutsigira anotyisa chikara. Nyoka, wakati akabuda mugungwa, akarwisa tsaona. Pfungwa iyi inoratidza chivezwa "Laocoon". Zvakasimba akamonera nyoka kunhivi miviri simba vanhu uye kuedza dzipa navo. Uturu ikaruma marwadzo kwete chete, asi kuuyawo rufu. izvi zvose inoratidza chivezwa "Laocoon". Ndizvo akatungamirira kumbotamba kudavira mukukunda vagere Troy.

History anowana chivezwa

Zviviri namazana maviri apfuura muPegamo isingazivikanwi vavezi vemabwe dzendarira vakakanda boka chivezwa kuti inoratidza unofa muhondo pakati Laocoön navanakomana vake nenyoka. Original akanyangarika. A kopi sculpted mu machena Rhodes nevaGiriki. In manyorero aiitwa Baroque akauya kwatiri "Laocoon" (chivezwa). munyori Its Agesandr Rodossky navanakomana vake Polydoros uye Athenodorus. Hauwanikwi 1506 Feliks De Fridis yemizambiringa pasi mumwe makomo Rome. Pane kamwe vakamira imba Aurea. Pangosvika Pope Julius II akadzidza pamusoro zvinokosha kuwana, ipapo pakarepo akatuma kuongororwa yake murongedzeri Giuliano Da Sangallo uye Michelangelo. Mapurani pakarepo vanopupurirwa nderechokwadi basa, yakanga rakarondedzerwa Pliny. Buaonorroti akasarudza kuti yakagadzirwa 2 zvidimbu machena, kunyange zvazvo Pliny akataura ibwe rimwe chete.

Her tevera dambudziko

Pakupera ari XVIII remakore, Bonaparte akatora sculptural boka kuParis. Mune Louvre, zvakanga akazaruka rokuongorora, uye pashure pokukundwa Napoleon akanga adzoka nokuda British kuti Vatican. Zvino iye ari miziyamu Vap-Clementine (Vatican).

ruoko rworudyi Laocoon inowanikwa 1905 Czech matongo Ludwig Pollak muchitoro navavaki Roman akaupa kuna Vatican Museum. Muna 1957, zvakanga paiiswa kuva sculptural sezvamunoita (mashoko akatorwa kubva nyaya Chirungu Digital Sculpture Project: Laocoön).

With Makopi varo vakawanda vakaita. Italian - pachitsuwa kuRodzi uye ari Uffizi Gallery, Moscow - muna Pushkin Museum. Pushkin, Odessa - pamberi Museum of Archaeology.

"Laocoon" chivezwa: tsananguro

Kana tatanga kubva nezvenzvimbo G. E. Lessinga, kuti kupenda, chivezwa - mbeveve nhetembo, ari Fafitera pachako Kufungidzira ake vakaudza kupedzisa kuti haripinduri vakati munyori.

Figure Laocoon kupfuura pfungwa nokuti kuti riri pakati, uye nekuti hachishandi nokungwarira vakashanda ose tsandanyama dzomuviri wake simba. Trojan Kutamburira kunetseka maviri hofori nenyoka. Masimba kare vakamusiya, uye iye anotanga kugara paaritari. Achiri kuedza kuti vazviriritire. Kuruboshwe rutsoka hunogara pasi neminwe yenyu. The rokurudyi ndeyokubvisa uye anobata atari. Kuruboshwe ari kuedza kurega muviri musoro wenyoka. Iye akagadzirira kununura chinouraya nokuruma, akazarura muromo wake uye meno anooneka zvinouraya. The rworudyi ruoko Laocoon akakotama uye rakarukwa pamarin'i nyoka chete. musoro wake vakadzokera shure. Mukanwa akazarura ari grimace kurwadziwa uye kutya kungangoitika rufu, vanakomana zvikuru kurwisa uye kuziva rufu rake pedyo.

Zvinoita sokuti akanga muoni Laocoon. Sculpture, iyo Kuziviswa inoramba kukonzera chinovava tichararama kufa nokukurumidza uye Laokoon navanakomana vayo.

Kurudyi rwake, mwanakomana muduku ndiye entwined zvachose ane nyoka mhete. Iye akasimudza kudedera rworudyi, asi nyoka kuti akarumwa naye hapwa. The Jaya anotanga kuwa, tichisiya atari, apo baba vake.

Tinoenda pokukurukura chivezwa "Laocoon navanakomana vake." Description kuti chivezwa kumugumo.

The Mukoma akasiya baba vake anotendeuka chiso chake azere chinokatyamadza, chikumbiro chinyararire kumusunungura kubva gumbo obvivshego nyoka muswe.

Haagoni kubata noruoko chete. Zvisinei, The Fafitera, zvinoita sokuti ndiye ane tariro kuva mupenyu, kuti, zvinosuruvarisa hakusi kwechokwadi. All vatatu achafa.

Ndinoda kupedza tsanangudzo mashoko maviri. Euripides: "Hapana zvinofadza vamwari, somunhu mhando kutambura kwevanhu." It hunorondedzerwawo tsime vamwari Greek Sophocles: "Vanamwari vakawanda vachida kubatsira munhu kana anoenda kunosangana rufu rwake."

Kufarira eRoma kuti chivezwa

Roman Imperial imba akatenda kuti vazukuru Trojans. Hazvina gamba ravo Eniasi, mwanakomana Venus, mwarikadzi, vakatizira pamahombekombe Tiber. Akaroora Lavinia uye nheyo guta rake nokukudzwa (Practice of Mare). mukoma wake Ascanius akavamba Alba Longa (zvino Castel Gandolfo). Panguva iyi, mushure zvizvarwa shoma achaberekwa havaoni Roma, Romul I Rem. eRoma dundundu vari zvizvarwa navanamwari.

Guest vanoiona

Vanoiona vanodavira kuti Lessing zvakarurama kuti rondedzero kurwadziwa kwakaitirwa Laocoon, kuti chivezwa inofanira kuva pasi mitemo runako. Laocoon haadi kuchema, asi chete namashoko. Athena akanga akatuma kururama kurangwa naye. Ndiye mhosva chete kuti akanyevera vanhu vomunyika yake kubva chipo vaGiriki inobereka iyo sevasingafungi Athena ngozi. Man - chete kuzvidzivirira toyi mumaoko vamwari.