The chikuru zviri mutauro chaiko

mutauro chaiko inzira kuvapo nedialektnuyu (subsystem) mutauro National, kunoratidzwa zvimwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira codification, normative, manyorero Kusiyanisa, multifunctionality, uye yakakwirira mukurumbira munharaunda, pakati vakurukuri ayo.

Munyaya ino tichakurukura zviratidzo mutauro chaiko, ayo mashandiro, uyewo pfungwa pacharo, ayo zvivako uye tsananguro.

Mutauro chaiko Nde wezvinyorwa caters zvinodiwa mumagariro nhau yokukurukurirana. Iye anodzivisa vamwe, vasiri waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa subsystems - tumitauro, madhorobha emimwe (nemamwe mazwi - dzomumaguta Koine), uyewo mumagariro uye nyanzvi jargon.

Two nzira nokududza pfungwa

mutauro chaiko sezvo pfungwa inogona pakutsvaga mitauro unhu kuti vari kuri mumashoko subsystem ichi ane mutauro National, uyewo kuburikidza delimitation pamusoro raora vanhu vari vatakuri subsystem ichi, raiparadzanisa kubva zvachose kurema vakurukuri vane mutauro uyu. Origin - mitauro kutsunga nzira, uye wechipiri - Sociological.

Mabhuku mutauro kubva pfungwa nemaonero V. V. Vinogradova

Kubva pfungwa nemaonero VV Vinogradov, mutauro chaiko ndiwo mutauro nevakawanda mune zvakanyorwa imwe vanhu kana vashoma vavo. Kureva, inosanganisira mutauro netsika kuratidzwa zvose, kuwedzera vakaratidza chete kunyora, asi dzimwe nguva zvokuvataurira nomuromo, uyewo mabhuku, nhau, sainzi, kunyora uye dzichikurukura zuva nezuva, dzidzo, mukuru uye ebhizimisi. Naizvozvo siyana chimiro chayo akadai nomuromo-zvataurwa uye zvakanyorwa-bhuku.

Various mazwi chokuita pfungwa iyi

Izwi Rinobatanidzwa kwaro mabviro aine izwi akadai "Books", uye kunzwisisa etymological rinoreva kuti inobva "tsamba", uri tsamba. Saka, zvakanyorwa mutauro. Zvechokwadi, kana tichida kufunga mutauro kuMiddle Ages, ticharamba chete kutaura mutauro mabhuku, magwaro pamwe chete chinangwa chaicho. Zvimwe zviratidzo mutauro chaiko zvinobva tsanangudzo iyi rokuti, saka, sokuti akajeka uye nomusoro.

Layered panyaya mashoko akasiyana-siyana vari Chokwadi, kungotaura vachiedza kuwana kubva Chipangamazano chaVa kwomuitirowo pfungwa: yacho Conceptual zviratidzo Kuva anokudzwa nokuda huripo zvinhu, uye akatsunga kuburikidza navo. Zviratidzo mutauro chaiko ichakurukurwa nesu pazasi.

Mabhuku mutauro somunhu kushanda National

Akawanda tsanangudzo chinonyanya zvakakodzera kutsanangura rive Zvaiitwa mutauro wamarudzi. Kureva chaiko - ndiko chete rudzi kushandiswa mutauro wokuRussia, uye kwete, mutauro yakazvimirira yoga. nokunzwisisa Izvi zvinoenderana netsika nesayenzi, zviri pakutsvaga nhoroondo tinosvika kuna kuongorora mutauro chaiko. Panguva iyoyowo, dudziro iyi anotsanangura kuvapo uye kukura akasiyana mabhora ose "Cultural kutaura," sezvo iri anoruramiswa nokuvapo mabhuku mutauro sezvo izwi. Kutaura zvazviri, yokupedzisira ndiyo chete chimiro nokuvapo National (National) mutauro, kwete chete mashoko ari yakamanikana pfungwa shoko. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvokukurukura siyana kuwedzera kuribvisa nokugadzira "tsika", pakusarudza mitauro siyana sezvo dzakabudirira nemamiriro mutauro, uye mukuru zviri enhoroondo muitiro.

The chikuru zviri mutauro chaiko ichakurukurwa pazasi. Zvino ngatitarise kutaura mashoko mashomanana pamusoro mutauro mabasa.

Multifunctionality mutauro wokuRussia

Pfungwa uye zvinoitwa mutauro chaiko zvinobviswa mabasa ayo. Chero mutauro zvakakwana yakatanga ine mhando mbiri mikuru chinangwa kushandiswa: mhenyu ataura mutauro uye mutauro wakanyorwa. Kutaura zvokukurukura isu mukudzidzire kubvira pauduku. Kukura rechipiri kwemarudzi kunoitika akaramba muupenyu uye kukura hwevanhu, kusvikira akwegura.

mutauro Russian nhasi multi-yaishandiswa, rinoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-pazvinoitwa kwevanhu. Vakuru kusiyaniswa uye achishandisa mutauro chaiko (girama, mashoko). kushandiswa Language kunobva mhando yokukurukurirana. Mumutauro chaiko (zviratidzo wokuRussia mutauro chaiko, muchawana pazasi), pane mbiri huru dzichipfekeka variations: bhuku uye kutaura. Saizvozvowo, bhuku kumira panze uye mutauro. In kutaura, pane okuruka matatu emashoko: Elementary, nedivi uye kwakakwana.

Huru pfuma, iyo inechirevo mutauro chaiko - kukwanisa kuchengeta rwezuva uye nokudaro kushumira senzira yokukurukurirana pakati kumarudzi akasiyana.

Ake dzakawanda mabasa, uyewo zviratidzo, mitemo mutauro chaiko, ivo vava kunzwisisa pamwe kukura kwenzanga.

The vaitungamirira basa mutauro chaiko

Pakati pezvimwe kwemarudzi vari kuchengetwa mumutauro National (magariro uye miganhu tumitauro, colloquialisms, jargon), ndiwo mutauro mureza agara wakaita basa guru. Iye unosanganisira yenzira mazita zvinhu uye pfungwa, kutaura manzwiro uye mafungiro. Pane kuramba kusakarongeka pakati pavo uye dzimwe mhando mutauro, kwezuva nezuva. Colloquially kunoratidzwa zvakajeka zvikuru.

Saka, mutauro chaiko iri wakakwirira chimiro ariko mutauro National nheyo tsika rwedu rwokutaura, uyewo. It rinoshandiswa nhau, dzidzo, mabhuku, uye tsika. Inoshanda mabhora siyana zvinoitwa nevanhu: sainzi, zvematongerwo enyika, mukuru-mabhizimisi muchikurukurirana, mutemo, munyika dzakawanda, kuenzanirana nekutendawo vamwe pakugarisana, terevhizheni, anodhinda uye redhiyo.

Zviratidzo mutauro chaiko

Kubva izwi tinonzwisisa. zvino tinoona huru zviri mutauro chaiko. Kugadzikana ichi (kureva pakusimba), Pazvibato (nokuti ndiwo mutauro kuti yave kubatwa vatenzi siyana mashoko: masayendisiti, vananyanduri, vanyori, voruzhinji), kunofanira nokuti vanhu vose vari chizvarwa munotaura, kuvapo zvimwe zvitaera chadzo, uyewo normalization. Pano zvinokosha zviri mutauro chaiko.

normalization

Normalization ndiyo kumbonyanya vamwe nzira rwekutaura, izvo zvinoreva kare chaizvo mifananidzo kusimudzira mutauro chaiko. Nyaya iyi inobva chaizvo mutauro hurongwa, vakanochengeta mienzaniso yakanakisisa mabhuku mabasa. Normalized kwadzinoita okuti anoda vakadzidza chikamu vemo. Sezvo seti mamwe mitemo kushandiswa mashoko, mutemo zvinokosha kuchengetedza kutendeka mutauro National uye inonzwisisika, kuti nekufambisa mashoko kubva kuchizvarwa mumwe. Kana haana kurarama mumutauro kungazoguma kuchinja kwakadaro, zvichiguma kurarama munyika dzakasiyana-siyana munyika yedu, vanhu vasisina vakonana.

Pazvibato uye codification

Zviratidzo mutauro chaiko vane zvakaipa uye codification. Pazvibato somunhu nemhaka selection, uye zvakanangwa, zvose zvakanakisisa zviri maari. Achitamburira izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza kushandiswa mutauro National, somugumisiro tsvakurudzo kuitwa nenzira voruzhinji, masayendisiti uye nyanzvi dzemitauro.

Codification zvinoreva tightness kuti dzemunharaunda yaro mabhuku sayenzi. It runoratidzwa pamberi zvakakodzera girama maduramazwi, uye mamwe mabhuku, ane mitemo kuti sei kushandisa mutauro.

Izvi zviratidzo mutauro chaiko uyewo zvakakosha chaizvo.

zvimwe zviratidzo

A chiratidzo manyorero kusiyana zvinoreva kuvapo dzichipfekeka zhinji zvekunyanyisa.

mutauro chaiko Zvinowanzoitikawo uye dzinoratidzwa kuwanda tsika akakodzera, kudya uye mikana yacho mitauro hurongwa.

Taiongorora chikuru zviri wokuRussia mutauro chaiko. Chimwe chikuru matambudziko nemagariro kutaura raro inodzivirira, uyewo ayo mitemo, nekuti mutauro chaiko chinobatanidza rudzi rwose pakutaura. Huru basa mukusika inogara ndowenyika yepamusoro chikamu vemo.

Chii chinofanira kuva mutauro mureza?

Zvechokwadi mumwe mutauro anodzidza anofanira kunzwisiswa nenzira yose, sezvo vanofanira kukwanisa kuona nhengo vose munzanga. Iye anofanira saka okurega kukwanisa kushumira chikuru pazvinoitwa kwevanhu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kutaura lexical, zvivakamutauro, uye aktsentologicheskie kutaura dzemunharaunda mutauro. Saka chinhu chikuru chinetso nyanzvi dzemitauro, ndiye kufunga chero idzva, zvinoita sokuti vari mutauro chaiko, nemaonero pokuita dzaro mukuru maitiro mutauro kukura, uyewo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri dzichipfekeka ezvinhu.

Neyakarurama uye zvakarurama nayo, kupfuura anova inokwanisika kunzwisisa chii akanaka uye anotaurisa, chikuru sei muverengi kana kuzviteerera. Kutaura zvakanaka uye zvakarurama, unofanira kutevera vamwe mitemo nomufungo (uchapupu, kutevedzana), uyewo dzemunharaunda mutauro chaiko, kubatana manyorerwo, ndinovachengeta euphony, kudzivisa kudzokorora.

The chikuru zviri mataurirwo mutauro chaiko Russian kwakatanga pachishandiswa Central tumitauro Russian, phonetics dzavo. Nhasi, pasi kufurirwa normalized, mabhuku tumitauro vaparadzwa.