Yambotanga, zana remakore rechi20 atozvionera vaduku sayenzi akadai wepfungwa simba. The chikuru mirayiridzo wepfungwa kuti aivapo panguva iyoyo, havana kukwanisa kupindura mibvunzo vavapo iri akapoteredza zvenhau netsika ezvinhu dzazvino. Zvaive munguva iyi sayenzi uye akapona wokutanga dambudziko munhau yacho, iyo yave chokuita zvikurukuru kukundikana yokungotaura nheyo dzaro kugadzirwa chikoro introspective, kutsanangura chaiye hunowanika munzanga.
Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti huru inoenda zvepfungwa remakore rechi20 akasiyana kunyange zvavo nyaya yokudzidza, uye zvikoro zvakasiyana vari kuongorora mativi akasiyana-siyana hunobatsira chokwadi. Zvikurukuru, Wundt, mumiririri structuralism, akaisa pacharwo chinangwa chiri kuongorora zvakananga ruzivo uye ayo zvivako, uye functionalists havateereri, kufunga pamusoro kuongorora basa zvivako izvi. Saka, akati chikuru zvataurwa Western zvepfungwa zvisingapindirani ravo kusvika kune tsanangudzo ruzivo kwevanhu vari: structuralists vanokurondedzera se "ngetani zvinhu", uye functionalists - somunhu "Hova pfungwa", izvo chete inogona kudzidzwa yakakwana. Nokufamba kwenguva, ndiye vamiririri functionalist nzira akaratidza pacharo uchidzidzira.
Uyewo, dzinokosha zvataurwa rechi20 remakore zvepfungwa zvinosanganisira reflexology, raikura vainyanya nemasayendisiti Russian Somuenzaniso, Pavlov uye Bekhterev. Vave nyaya dzokudzidza pfungwa uye nezvekufadza padzaishumira murume. Pavlov, kunyanya, rokuti "riine Achipindura", uye ayo chitarisiko zvinotsanangurwa. Other chikuru nzvimbo zvepfungwa, zvichida, havana kudaro achisonganira zvipenyu uye akanga kwaari zvose zvikuru.
Behaviorists, akatungamirirwa Watson akatenda yayo huru basa kunzwisisa zvose zvakavanzika kwemaitiro zvipenyu. Uye kana dzimwe nzvimbo huru wepfungwa vakatambura zvimwe subjectivity, vateveri pfungwa iyi rinotsvaga kutsanangura zvose Puzzles unhu zvipenyu maererano chinangwa zvinhu izvo chokuita kwadzakabva zvakatipoteredza. Vari kunyanya kushandiswa kuedza kwavo, makonzo chena, nokuti pfungwa uye psyche maitiro - uyu, saka musiyano pakati pemhuka izvi uye vanhu kunyora nezvavo. The chikuru budiriro pachikoro ichi chaiva tsananguro nokuda kuzviwanira unyanzvi kutongwa uye kukanganisa.
Uye pakupedzisira, mumwe pfungwa wepfungwa, yakatanga panguva ino Freudianism. Freud rinotarisa zviito, zvinangwa, izvo vanhu havagoni kutsanangura. Saka akaenda pfungwa "chavanoziva" uye akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna ayo kudzidza. Aidavira kuti chikonzero chavanoziva zviito zvinogona kuonekwa nokudzidza hope, anongoitika Reservations uye involuntary kufamba. Freud aidavira kuti zvose pachako kukura zvingaderedzwa maviri dzinokosha zvaisazogona: chido chokurara uye kutya rufu. Kurarama muvanhu, isu kudzvinyirira mauto aya, saka vanomanikidzwa kupinda muumambo ari akapfizuka, asi dzimwe nguva vachiri kuita pachavo akanzwa.