Tetanus: zviratidzo zvevana. Zviratidzo uye zvirwere zvetetusus. Kudzivirira uye kurapa

Tetanus chirwere chakave chichizivikanwa kubvira kare. Chiremba anozivikanwa Hippocrates akatsanangura zvakadzama zviratidzo zvayo muzana remakore rechi5 BC. Asi kune mukuru mukuru kuzvidemba, nyaya ye tetetus inoramba yakakosha munyika yanhasi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwekufa kwechirwere ichi. Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti vanenge 160 000 vanhu vanofa gore roga roga kubva kune tetanus.

Tsanangudzo shoma

Tetanus imwe yezvirwere zvakakomba zvinopararira. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuparadzaniswa kwehutano hunouraya uye chechikoro chekurumidza chaizvo. Kuti tinzwisise zvakakwana dambudziko rose rekuonekwa kwechirwere ichi, zvakakwana kuva nehuwandu hwekuti 30-50% yevarwere vanofa. Pakati pavo, kune avo vakagara vachirwisana neTetanus. Munyika dzine mishonga isingabatsiri, iyi inosvika 85-90%. Tetanus inokonzera hupenyu hwe microorganisms, yakapinda mumuviri kuburikidza nemavanga uye mamwe akakuvara kweganda. Mamiriro akakodzera kupfuura mamwe ose ekuberekwa kwavo inzvimbo inopisa uye inonaya. Nokudaro, vazhinji vevanhu vakafa vakanyorwa zvakabva kune tetanus yakaitika muEricatorial states yeAfrica, Asia uye Latin America. Asi kunyange munyika dzeEurope dzakachengeteka zviuru zvevanhu vanofa nehosha iyi gore rose. Kuenderera mberi kubva pane izvi, munhu haagoni kutaura kuti vagari venharaunda dzakawanda dzakabudirira dzakachengeteka.

Icho causative agent we tetanus

Tetanus zvirwere zvinomirira vamiririri vemhuri Bacillaceae. Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana, kubereka kwavo kunowanikwa mumhuka uye mumatumbo evanhu. Zvisinei, havaiti zvachose kukuvara. Pavanenge vapinda muchironda uye mumamiriro ezvinhu epo oksijeni iripo pasina mabhirigi akanyarara anowana zvachose chakasiyana nemunhu. Iko kusunungurwa kwakasvibiswa kwekisikiti, iyo ndiyo imwe yezvakasimba zvakanyanya bhakitiriya chepfu. Kutsigira kwavo kwakakurumidza, sekufananidzira kwechirwere chinonzi tetanus. Zviratidzo zvevana dzimwe nguva zvinowanikwa mumaawa mashomanana mushure mechiito. Zvigadzirwa zvebasa rinokosha rezvirwere hazvina maturo kana zvichimedzwa, nokuti hazvipindi mumumvuri. Asi panguva yekudziya kana pasi pesimba remirairo ye ultraviolet, vanofa nokukurumidza zvakakwana.

Vanowana sei tetanus?

Chido chekubatanidza chinoitika apo ronda kana kuora kweganda kana mucous membrane. Iyo yakaoma zvikuru munyaya iyi inogurwa maronda ekudzika kwakadzika, sezvo iri mavari kuti kuumbwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekuvandudzirwa kwemakemikari anokonzera mamiriro ezvinhu. Uyezve, kushandiswa kwehutachiona kunogona kuitika nekupisa, hosha uye kupisa. Mwana achangoberekwa anogona kuwana tetanus kuburikidza nemudonzvo wembilical, kana wakagurwa nemashandi asina kushandiswa.

Kune zvakawanda zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwechirwere ichi mumasikirwo. Ndizvo:

• Muvhu guruva;
• Land;
• Mvura yakachena uye yakachena;
• Mhuka dzemhuka dzakawanda.

Spores uye vegetative zvigadzirwa zvetetanus tsvimbo zvinowanikwa mumatumbo evanhu.

Nhamba yekunzwisisana nehosha iyi yakanyanya kwazvo mumapoka ose emakore, asi vazhinji vehutachiona hwevana vakanyorwa mumakore 3-7.

Ndeipi nguva yekudzivirira iyo tetanus ine?

Nekuwanda kwetetanus kunoratidzwa sei? Kubatanidzwa kwechirwere kunotora nguva yakasiyana-siyana - kubva pa 1-2 mazuva kusvika kumwedzi miviri. Panguva imwecheteyo, mavhareji yezvidimbu ndiwo masvondo maviri. Kuoma kwechirwere pachako kunobva paurefu hwekudzivirira nguva: iduku, ndiyo yakaoma kuti iite chirwere ichi uye zvakanyanya kukwanisa kuve nemigumisiro inouraya.

Panguva ino, mabhakitiriya anowedzera mukati mekurima uye kubereka kwavo kunotanga. Icho chiri pamwe chete nekusunungurwa kwehutu hunouraya. Varwere panguva iyi vanogona kuona kuvepo kwezviratidzo zvinotevera:

• Headache;
• Sweating;
• Muscular tension;
• Kuwedzera kwekutsamwisa;
• Chills;
• Kusuruvara uye mamwe matambudziko epfungwa.

Chirwere chemakiriniki uye zviratidzo zvokutanga zvechirwere

Kutanga kwechirwere muzviitiko zvakawanda kwakaoma. Hazviwanzokwanisi kubhadhara pfupi pfupi nguva. Inoratidzwa nechitarisiko chezviratidzo zvinotevera:

• Malaise;
• Headaches;
• Izvo zvakasimbiswa uye chidimbu chemisungo apo kukuvadzwa kwakaitika uye tetanus inowedzera.

Zviratidzo zvekutanga mumatambudziko mazhinji zvinotendwa kutora marwadzo munzvimbo yepaonda, kunyange kana yakatoreswa. Pakati pezviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere, kuonekwa kwaro kunogona kuratidza tetanus, ndeyokuti:

• Kuratidzwa kwetrismus (kushungurudzika kwakanyanya) kwemasticatory musungo, ndicho chikonzero chekuzarura muromo;
• Kuvapo kwemweseti ye sardonic, nekuda kwekuti chimiro chechimiro chinenge chichinyadzisa (kufungira, maziso achiderera, miromo inokura nekureba mumwemwe);
• Kuratidzwa kwe dysphagia (kukanganisa kumedza), chikonzero chacho chinokonzera kuputika kwemisungo ye pharynx;
• Mutsipa musungo.

Kuvapo kwezviratidzo zvitatu zvekutanga kunoshamisa chete kwetetanus.

Unhu hunhu hunoratidza nguva yepamusoro ye tetanus

Nguva yenguva yakakwirira yechirwere ichi mazuva 8-12. Mune maitiro akaoma, inowedzera katatu kaviri. Nguva yechikamu ichi chechirwere ichi chinoenderana nezvinhu zvinotevera:

• Kukurumidza kurapwa kune chiremba;
• Kuvapo kana kusavapo kwechirwere;
• Kuwanda kwekukuvara paganda.

Panguva ino, tetanus inowanzowanikwa. Zviratidzo zvevana zvinotevera:

• Kushungurudzika kwezvipfeko zvemaziso emeso, kuonekwa kwekunyemwerera kweunhu;
• Kusakanganiswa kwekudya kwekudya;
• Uturu hwemucheto uye mimba hunonyanyisa;
• Painful convulsions;
• Kufukura kunokosha;
• Kunyarara kusingaperi;
• Apnea, cyanosis; Asphyxia;
• Kusvibiswa kwekuvhenekera nekuparadzirwa;
• Kuwedzera kukuru kwekushisa.

Apo pakange kusina mujenya wetetanus, chikonzero chekufa kwemurwere ndechokuputika kwemapfupa ekufema kana kuparara kwemuviri wemutsipa. Uyewo pakati pezvinowanzokonzera rufu, nzvimbo huru ndeyemyocardial infarction, sepsis, embolism uye pneumonia.

Tetanus muzvitsva

Kana iri mubvunzo wevana vachangoberekwa, saka chirwere chechirwere ndicho chakanyanya kuoma, uye munenge zana rezana rematambudziko kune chiitiko chinouraya. Kune vaduku, imwe nzira yechirwere chakadai se tetanus inoratidzika. Zviratidzo zvekutanga ndezvokuzvidya mwoyo, zvinotyisa, kushungurudza kwekutsvaira uye kufuta reflex. Mushure meizvi, musuru mutsipa spasm uye zvinokonzera kushungurudzika zvinotanga. Kazhinji kacheche anofa pazuva rokutanga mushure mokutanga kwechirwere.

Nguva yekudzorera

Kana vabereki vakaratidza vashandi vezvokurapa zvevana vane tetanus munguva, kurapa kunowedzera uye zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi zvinopera nenguva. Nguva yenguva ino inosvika mwedzi miviri. Munguva iyi yose, mwana ari pangozi yekugadzira matambudziko akasiyana-siyana. Muchirevo ichi, kuongororwa kunogara kwechimiro chake kunodiwa.

Mushure mekudzikinura, zvisizvo zvinogona kuitika zvinogona kuitika, izvo zvinotarisirwa kwenguva yakareba yakakwana. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuoma kwemitsipa, kushaya simba kukuru, nezvimwewo.

Mafomu ehutachiona

Nekukuvadza, kune nzira iri nyore, ine mwero uye yakaoma ye tetanus.

Chimiro chechiedza hachiwanzoitiki. Nguva yenguva yekuchengetwa kwemazuva mazuva 14-20, uye kukura kwezviratidzo kunoitika mumazuva mashanu kusvika kumazana matanhatu. Inoratidzwa ne:

• Kushaya simba kwekuratidzwa kwevanhu vakawanda veetanic (kana kushaya kwayo);
• Mharaunda inoputika yemisumbu (zviratidzo zvetetanus ine ronda kana munzvimbo yaro);
• Mild hypertonic muscle ;
• Kusarura kana kuratidzwa kuduku kwe dysphagia uye tachycardia;
• Kazhinji kana pasi-grade-grade fever.

Idzi hukuru hunhu hwehupakati-hutsve hwemaetanus:

• Nguva yekudzivirira ndeye mazuva 15-20;
• Kubudirira kwehukuru hwakawanda hwezviratidzo - mazuva 3-4;
• Kurara kwakanyanyisa kwezviratidzo zvose zvechirwere;
• Kusabatwa kweAsphyxia nekuputswa kwekumedza.

Nzira yakasimba inoratidzirwa nekanguva yenguva shoma yekudzivirira - mazuva 7-14. Muchiitiko ichi, tetanus inokura mukati me 1-2 mazuva. Zviratidzo muvana zvakanyatsojeka. Asi zvinetso zvinotyisidzira upenyu hwemwana kazhinji hazvisi nyore.

Kurapa kwetetanus

Kuendesa kune imwe nguva kuchipatara chemucheche ane chiyeuchidzo chetetus inodiwa. Kurapa kwemafomu anonyanya kuipa kunoitwa mushure mokunge vapinda kubato rekuchengetedza.

Chiyero chakakosha chinoshandiswa kurapwa, panguva iyo kushamiswa kwezvinhu zvakakanganiswa uye kubviswa kwemiviri yekunze kunoitwa.

Kuti kubvise miti yeTetanus tambo kubva kune necrotic tissues, remishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoitwa. Mune zviitiko zvakawanda, mazamu makuru e penicillin anopiwa mukati mekuita panguva iyi. Nguva yehutano hwakadaro haisi mazuva masere. Mukana wekusawirirana kwepenicillin, chirwere chetetusus chakatemwa, chinosanganisira tetracycline.

Kurapa kwevana vanorwara kunoitwa pamwe nekubatsirwa nemunhu anonzi immunoglobulin. Iyo inoshandiswa kamwechete inopamuscularly. Mukufananidza naro, kushandiswa kwepasi kwekutetanus toxoid kunoitwa katatu. Nharaunda iri pakati pehurumende ndeyemazuva mashanu.

Nekugadzirisa mamiriro emwana wacho, anopiwa nerugare uye akanyarara. Mukuwedzera, kune chiratidzo chinoratidzira chinokanganisa kuti tetanus iri kufamba sei. Zviratidzo zvevana zvinobviswa kuburikidza nemabasa anotevera:

• Kurapa maronda;
• Kupera kwakanyanyisa simba;
• Kudzivirira sepisis uye pneumonia;
• Kuvandudzika kwemapapanhau emhepo;
• Anesthesia.

Kudzivirira kwetetanus

Kuenderera mberi kubva pane kuti ichi chirwere chinouraya, maitiro ekudzivirira anonyanya kukosha. Zvinokonzera kuderedza kukuru kwechikamu chezvikamu zvekutanga kwechirwere, shandura nzira uye migumisiro ye tetanus. Matanho ekudzivirira ndeechokwadi uye haana hanya.

Mhando isina kukodzera yekudzivirira kwekutanga kwechirwere muvana ndeiyi:

• Kuteerera nekushaya simba panguva yebasa nekushanda;
• Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemavanga, iyo inorayirwa kuti iitwe kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwevanorwisa.

Specific prophylaxis ye tetanus inoitwa zvakarongwa kana kuti nokukurumidza. Chinangwa chikuru chechirwere chinorwisana neTetanus ndiko kusikwa kwehutachiwana hwega uye zviratidzo zvekudzivirira muviri. Kuvhara kwevana kunoitwa nenzira yakakodzera pamwe nekorodhedhi yezvirwere - katatu pashure pemwedzi wechitatu weupenyu uye revaccination mushure memakore 1-1,5.

Mushonga unorwisana ne tetanus yevana haisi chivimbo chekuvapo kwekuchengetedzwa kwakasimba kune causative agent wechirwere ichi. Inongobatsira chete kugadzirisa zvirwere uye inobatsira kukurira tetanus titi, inowanikwa mumuviri.