Staroslavyanizmy: unhu uye kushandiswa Russian ano

Pasinei chokwadi kuti staroslavyanizmy anodzidzwa kuchikoro, isingawanzowanikwi akapedza kudzidza rangarira zvairehwa ichi izwi. Zvokutaura pamusoro vanhu vakwegura, chikoro-raiva kure shure.

Chii staroslavyanizmy?

Zviratidzo Mashoko aya nevakawanda kuti tine navo uye tisingadi cherechedzai. Staroslavyanizmy mashoko akakweretwa kubva yekare necheSalvic mutauro, izvo vaiona mabhuku Slavs rekare.

Uyewo mabhuku kana Indaneti anogona kusangana izwi akadai tserkovnoslavyanizmy. Pasi kakawanda raireva kufanana kuti pasi staroslavyanizmy, pamwe musiyano chete kuti mashoko ari akakweretwa kubva mutauro Church kwechiSlavonic. It anonzi rimwe Old Church gare gare.

Kunyange zvakadaro, shoko nezviratidzo staroslavyanizmy vari ubiquitous pakutaura kwezuva nezuva. Zvingaita Zvinoshamisa, asi ani wedu vanoti akakwereta izwi kanenge katatu pazuva. Uye dudza mashoko zvokuti kazhinji kuti kare havana kucherechedza staroslavyanizmy.

Zviratidzo mashoko akadai

Saka ungaziva sei kana kutaura chikamupenyera mashoko akafanana? Kune zvakajeka zvinhu staroslavyanizmy mumutauro weRussia. Mamirire zviri izvi chikwereti mashoko anogona kuonekwa sezvo kufanana inzwi, uye paainyora.

Kudzidza wenyaya iyi uwane ndechokuti pane chaizvo nzira kuziva mabasa mashoko akadai staroslavyanizmy, zviratidzo izvo zvinotevera:

1. Phonetic. Kufanana inzwi, chisarudzo inosimbisa.
2. Shoko-inotungamirwa. A nzira rokugadzirira mashoko akadaro.
3. Lexical. Zvinoreva mashoko avo ruvara mukutaura uye mumabhuku nemabasa.

Tanga Implementation staroslavyanizmy

Kubvira muzana remakore rechi9 kuRussia mumutauro kwezvakatipoteredza vakachengeta diglossia. Izwi iri kazhinji kuvhiringidzwa bilingualism, kunyange zvakasiyana chaizvo:

1. Kana bilingualism mumwe mutauro wakashandiswa iri zvishoma nezvishoma kuitwa ne mumwe, zvichiguma mashoko mashomanana vari kushandiswa.
2. Kana mitauro diglossia miviri mukwanisi mumwe, kusikwa symbiosis imwe mhando, iyo zvino achikura kuva munhu pamuchinjikwa pakutanga shanduro. mutauro Disglossiya akatsiga ezvinhu uye hunogara kwenguva refu, sezvo zvakanga muRussia.

Ichatonga zvine mbiri chiKristu munguva diglossia zvakanzi kuparadzira zvikuru, pamwe mutauro wokuRussia riri zuva nezuva, uye Church - refu mutauro chaiko, kuva chitsvene kukosha.

Chii chakazoitika?

Chete pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17 vakatanga kuenda diglossia Bilingualism. Somugumisiro, mutauro kwechiSlavonic Old zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuderera opedzisira zvinzvimbo zvavo, kusiya chete zvikasawanirwa mumabhuku mabasa.

Rakanga vakatakura pamusoro shanduro "veimba" Old Russian mutauro mabhuku matsvene, uye "mukuru" mabhuku. Zvishoma nezvishoma staroslavyanizmy akasiya mumumvuri mutauro wokuRussia, achisiya akawanda okuti zviyeuchidzo.

kazhinji sei tinosangana chikwereti mashoko?

Very kazhinji. Kunyange kakawanda kupfuura iwe unogona kufungidzira.

KwechiSlavonic shoko wakapfuurira mutauro ano miviri yakasiyana inoti:

1. Zvakakwana. Zviri mashoko akadai pamatama, meso, apuro nezvimwe hauziri avanoziva kwatiri.
2. Aoma. Pano mamiriro acho ezvinhu kunakidza, haugari kuwana zvokufungidzira kana shoko rakumbirwa. To ubatanidzwewo crosser mashoko dzinosanganisira: mashura, matsamba, akaropafadza, kungwara, uye vamwe.

Saka sei kakawanda tinoshandisa staroslavyanizmy pamatauriro ake?

Kanenge kamwe pavhiki. Maiziva kuti shoko "Sunday" Anonziwo chikwereti? Zvinoita, seshoko "Mwari", kwapfuura zvachose mumutauro wedu Church kwechiSlavonic mutauro.

Uyewo, ziva kuti havasi mashoko kwechiSlavonic nezviratidzo, kumutsa shamwari pamwe mutauro chaiko. Vazhinji vavo vasina manyorero coloring, izvo zvinoita zvavo kushandisa asazivikanwa. Waizofungei kuti "utano paruzhinji" rinoreva Church kwechiSlavonic Mutauro unokura, uyewo "vasakukurwa"?

Kushandisa mashoko chikwereti hazvigoni kunzi homogeneous, sevamwe vavo mumutauro Russian pakutanga chete nokufamba kwenguva vakatora zvishoma mumwe mutauro. Mashoko aya anoreva Somuenzaniso, imwe "inokosha", "muBelgrade" uye vamwe.

More staroslavyanizmy kazhinji kushandiswa kunyorwa mabasa ounyanzvi, kunyanya ichi chivi vadetembi. Mashoko akadaro kwete chete kugona kunyudza muverengi rinokosha mhepo, asi kupa kunzwisisa dzakasiyana senhetembo, uyewo kuwedzera zvinonyatsorehwa maonero mashoko akanyorwa.

Somuenzaniso, "matama" sokushandiswa nhetembo, pachena zvahuchaunza chekare chivalric dzorudo, izvo kwemakore akawanda captivates mwoyo nevakadzi.

Phonetic zvinhu staroslavyanizmy

Saka ungaziva sei staroslavyanizmy phonetically? Zviratidzo Mashoko aya anogona kuwanikwa, kana ukatarira kwechiSlavonic (zvimwe - South necheSalvic) nzira nokuumba mashoko.

Sezvineiwo, kana anenge ari fanana kunyora rinowanzoberekera kwakakwana siyana mukati zvinoreva mazwi.

Phonetic Zviri tserkovnoslavyanizmy:

• Vane mubatanidzwa mabhii Ra / kana oro the / OLT kwakamuka kubva kwechiSlavonic nemashoko. Mashoko aya anoshanda: akasimuka, scolding, kuzokorokotedza - kuti apore, musana, bvudzi, musoro, gore-pakavha, inotonhorera, uye vamwe.
• Tikafunga mabhii vane D / Le izvo enderana Russian (kana East necheSalvic) Epe / nepaburi / kudya. Idzi dzinosanganisira: chidzitiro-firimu, mijenya, mberi / ramangwana, mukaka, samafuta, peredachka vakazvipira uye nevamwe.
• The alternation kuti mabhii Ra / La uye Ro / Lo pakutanga shoko iri hombe, chiwondomoke, rook of-chikepe nyaya, mutsauko-chitoro, vakaparadzana, kuda-kuti-pesva uye nevamwe.
• Mavhawero munhu / E / w / iwe / Ini / and pakutanga: yagnonochek, whacky, kusurukirwa, akaipa, nemamwe.
• Tikafunga tsamba kurovedza, naro unoenderana Russian Zvakanaka: vanonakidzwa, kudzivirira, kutendiswa, mhosva, vasingazivi, vasingazivi, zuva nezuva, zuva nezuva, uye vamwe.
• Letters w / yori / CC / h: vachidzungaira, vachidzungaira, masuwiti, uye achitsausa vamwe.

Lexical zviratidzo staroslavyanizmy

Zviratidzo Similar vanowana:

• Kunwisa "bhuku tsika" mashoko, mutambo wavo. mashoko akadaro zvakaoma kushandisa pakutaura kwezuva nezuva.
• Vechigaro nyaya chitendero, zvikurukuru chiKristu.
• Kuvamba remubatanidzwa mashoko achishandisa Mwari / vabatsirwe / Sue / zvakanaka / chizvaro / zvakaipa / mumwe uye zvichingodaro. Mashoko aya anosanganisira: dzidziso, kunamata, zvikomborero, wakaropafadzwa, utsotsi, uipi, mashura, kubatana, kubatana, uye vamwe.

Derivational zviratidzo staroslavyanizmy

Sezvo phonetic zviri mashoko akadai staroslavyanizmy, zviratidzo dzidzo yavo Zvinokoshawo. Inonyanya mamirire zviri mushoko inotungamirwa tserkovnoslavyanizmy vaiona kutevera morpheme yavo:

• zvose zvakanaka kujairana chisati chavapo / kuburikidza / kubva / pasi rine tsamba mumutauro Russian (Re / napo / cheres / mu / chik). Pakati mashoko akadai inosanganisira: muchinjikwa-akutadzira-pamusoro zvakare, pick-vasanangurwa, tinounza-pimp-ipfupi uye zvichingodaro.
• Common Chimanimani / Yusch / arg / crate (dzinopindira Russian uch / Uche / Ah / sero), iyo zvino rinochinjwa kuva pachena kuchiitwa adjectives. Ava: magetsi-inoyerera, astringent, nhema, nhema, uye vamwe.
• Suffixes -zn, -TV / oga -tay, -stvo / mugumisiro, -yn / ynya: dombo, kuzvikudza, kukohwa, upenyu, kuti mudanidziri, murongedzeri, mhiko, chiito, Kurwisa, uye vamwe.
• -Tel suffix: yacho entrepreneur, mutyairi, muvaki, mukundi, mutengi, uye zvichingodaro.

Saka, dzidza sei kuziva staroslavyanizmy, iwe nguva dzose kukwanisa kunzwisisa kana iwe kuzvishandisa. Pashure pezvose, munhu chete kuriona kamwe sezvo Kutaura nezuva ruva mashoko yekare, asati zvakafanira akavanda seri mumvuri zvavo mashoko.