Social zvirango - chii ichi? Species mienzaniso

Shoko "zvirango" zvino pamiromo vose, uye zvinoreva Shoko riri pachena zhinji. Zvisinei, mashoko okuti "munzanga mvumo" - zvishoma-anozivikanwa Sociological rokuti, uye rinogona kuiswa kuna standstill. Ndiani uye izvo zvinoisa zvirango iyi?

Pfungwa zvirango

Izwi anowana kubva muchiLatin sanctio (kuzviomesera mutongo). In mutemo mvumo ichaongororwa ive chinhu kwemitemo, izvo zvinosanganisira inokanganisa munhu kutyora mitemo hwakagadzwa zvaigara ichi. Pfungwa evanhu zvirango ane zvakafanana rinoreva. Panyaya yokushamwaridzana zvirango, zvino, maererano, raireva kutyorwa evanhu ndozvakajairwa.

Social kuzvidzora uye nemagariro zvirango

Kutsiga magariro, kuramba munzanga isimbe, pakuonekwa zvakanaka kuchinja vanhu anopiwa ane mashandiro yakadai, sezvo pasocial kuzvidzora. Zvirango uye mitemo - yenhengo dzayo.

Society uye akapoteredza vanhu vanobvunza munhu mitemo evanhu maitiro uye munzanga kuzvidzora rinoitwa nokudzora kuchengetwa mumagariro maitiro. Social kuzvidzora ayo chaizvoizvo - ndiko kuzviisa pasi kwevanhu munzanga boka, nzanga, inoreva kuomerera patsika dzemunharaunda. Control iri wakarovedzwa kuburikidza kumanikidza, voruzhinji, magariro masangano, mapoka kuvafurira.

Social zvirango - inzira inokosha evanhu kuzvidzora. Pamwe chete patsika dzemunharaunda zvinoumba mashandiro evanhu kuzvidzora. More broadly, magariro mvumo - zvose matanho uye zvokushandisa, izvo nechinangwa kuunza munhu evanhu mhinduro yeboka, kukurudzira kuti kuva mumwe maitiro uye kuona mafungiro kuti akaita chiito.

External evanhu kuzvidzora

External kuzvidzora kunosanganisira nzira uye nemasangano kuti kudzora patsika dzemunharaunda basa vanhu uye kuona nemazvo. Rakakamurwa yakarongwa uye yakajairwa. Formal kuzvidzora ndiyo yakanaka kana kusafarira kubva nezviremera. Kwakavakirwa mabasa kuti vane zviri pamutemo uye administrative simba: mitemo, mirayiro, zvisarudzo. Pachirehwa vagari vose. Informal kuzvidzora inobva zvinoitwa nevamwe: mvumo kana kusatendera. Hazvina usatsungirira pachinhu chakarongwa chimiro, uye haisi inobudirira muboka hombe.

External zvichiongororwa ingasanganisira kuputira (mujeri), kuparadzana (zvishomanana nevamwe, tigutsikane ari nyuchi, chipatara), vapore (rubatsiro mu achidzokera kwomuzvarirwo upenyu).

Internal evanhu kuzvidzora

Kana evanhu kuzvidzora yakasimba zvakare uye zviduku, kunogona kutungamirira nemigumisiro yakaipa. Munhu anogona kuzvidzora yavo maitiro, kuzvionera uye zvokuita. Saka zvinokosha chaizvo kuti munhu yomunyika munzanga kuzvidzora kana kuzvidzora. Murume pachake uchabvuma maitiro avo vakagamuchira mitemo. Zvigadziriswe kudzoreka - pfungwa mhosva uye hana.

patsika dzemunharaunda

Social dzemunharaunda - unowanzoonekwa akagamuchira mitemo kuti zvinopa arayira, simba uye kutsiga evanhu nekuita mapoka evanhu evanhu. Dzinovavarira waidzora zvavanotaura funga, ita vanhu mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Dzemunharaunda zvinodiwa, kwete chete nokuti vanhu asiwo dzakananga evanhu mapoka.

Social dzemunharaunda hadzina rakanyorwawo uye kazhinji sanyorwa mitemo. Zviratidzo patsika dzemunharaunda dzinosanganisira:

1. The vakawanda ukoshi. Pachirehwa boka kana nzanga yose zvayo, asi arege imwe chete kana kupfuura nhengo dzeboka.
2. Mukana kushandisa boka kana nzanga kufarirwa, kusatenderwa, mibayiro, Varange, zvirango.
3. Kuvapo kuzviitira divi. Munhu pachake asarudza kana kugamuchira patsika dzemunharaunda munzanga kana boka.
4. Kudyidzana. mitemo yose dyidzana uye dzitsigirane. Social dzemunharaunda vanogona neevamwe mumwe, uye izvi zvinoitawo kuti pachavo uye nemagariro kunetsana.
5. Kwezvose. Rapanzvimbo dzemunharaunda vari rakakamurwa munzanga uye boka.

Mhando patsika dzemunharaunda

Social dzemunharaunda akakamurwa:

1. The kwemitemo - makasimbiswa uye waidzivirira neHurumende wevakadzidza mitemo yokuzvibata. By kwemitemo zvinosanganisira evanhu taboos (pedophilia, kudya vanhu, umhondi).
2. Tsika - paruzhinji mharidzo tsika, tsika, tsika nemagariro. Mitemo operam kuburikidza romukati nechivimbo munhu, voruzhinji, nezviyero mumagariro simba. Yetsika havasi yunifomu yose vanhu, uye kunyanya nezvemagariro evanhu boka angave mitemo kuti vari zvinopesana dzemunharaunda nzanga yose zvayo.
3. Dzemunharaunda tsika - tsika dzakatangwa munzanga uye nguva kudzokorora rose mumagariro boka. Zvichitevera wavo kwakavakirwa tsika. zvinodiwa izvi zvinosanganisira tsika, tsika, tsika, mhemberero.
4. Dzemunharaunda - mitemo maitiro mukati masangano, izvo vakaratidza nemitemo yavo, mirau, mirayiro, anoshanda vashandi kana nhengo, uye akadzivirira pachishandiswa zviyero mumagariro kumanikidzwa. mitemo yakadaro vari kutengeserana mibatanidzwa, mapato ezvematongerwo enyika, netsvimbo uye makambani.

Mhando evanhu zvirango

Social zvirango muri mhando ina: akanaka uye kunaka, zvose yakarongwa uye yakajairwa.

• Mashoko akaipa evanhu zvirango - chirango zvisingadiwi zviito. Zvinonzi kunangana murume akabva yaigamuchirwa patsika dzemunharaunda.
• Positive zvirango - kurudziro zviito, dzinobvumira Company kutsigira munhu, kuti zvinotevera zvinodiwa.
• Formal munzanga zvirango - zvinobva mukuru, paruzhinji uye hurumende masangano.
• Informal zvirango - ndivo zvakaitwa nhengo pasocial boka.

mhando dzose zvirango kuumba mubatanidzwa akawanda. Ona mienzaniso wemishonga uye magariro zvirango.

• Formal akanaka - ruzhinji kufarirwa masangano pamutemo (mibayiro, mazita, mibayiro, madhigirii, zvitupa).
• yakanaka Informal - paruzhinji tsigiro, runoratidzwa rumbidzo, kurumbidza, kunyemwerera, etc ...
• Formal akaipa - the marangirwo inopiwa mutemo (fines, kusungwa, kuiswa mujeri, kudzingwa, etc ...)
• Informal akaipa - mhinduro, kusekwa, kunyunyuta, defamation, etc ..

kubudirira zvirango

Positive zvirango angava nezvaanoreva pane zvakaipa. Panguva iyoyowo, kurongwa zvirango ndidzo inonyatsobudirira, sezvo zvichienzaniswa wevakadzidza. Nokuti munhu ukama, kugamuchirwa, nyadzi uye kutya mhosva zvakawanda incentives kupfuura Zvirango uye mibayiro.

Kana evanhu boka, vanhu, pane chibvumirano pamusoro kushanda zvirango, vane kugara uye haachinji, uye pane chaizvo kwenguva refu, vari zvikuru. Zvisinei, kuvapo kwakadaro chinhu sezvo pasocial mvumo - ichi hachisi runovimbisa kubudirira mumagariro kuzvidzora. Kazhinji napo zvinoitwa wacho uye kana unotsvaka pamutemo uye kuchengeteka.

Zvirango kutambudza vanhu vane maitiro kunozivikanwa vanhu kana magariro boka sechinhu kuipa uye hazvibvumirwi. kuti zvirango uye kugamuchirika zvavo kushandisa imwe ezvinhu mhando kunoenderana hunhu nokutsauka kubva patsika dzemunharaunda uye ukuru mumagariro uye mupfungwa Kugadzirwa boka.