Social akachenjera sezvo pfungwa

Kwose akabvuma tsanangudzo pfungwa "munzanga njere" zvichida haako. More chaizvo, pane mhirikiro dzakawanda kudai dzinoshandiswa vanachiremba zvikoro zvakasiyana. Pfungwa pachahwo yerudzi rutsva izwi yakatanga kwakamboitwa mupfungwa aisimbisa muna 1920 neAmerican wepfungwa Thorndike mhuri, riri pasi evanhu njere zvinoreva mano wacho kuti kunzwisisa uye dzengerere ukama.

Muna 1994, rimwe boka kutungamirira American vanachiremba kuedza chakaitwa kuzoumba dzinokosha nzira chakadaro guru chinhu sezvo ungwaru. The inokosha zvinodavirwa muchitendero nokutsunga ichi ndeinotevera:

• By njere chinorehwa uchitikurudzira kwepfungwa dzavo romunhu, chinoratidzwa anokwanisa kugadzirisa mabasa, kuchinja zvakatipoteredza, kufunga zvine musoro, uye kuti vadzidze nokukurumidza kubva pane zvakaitika.
• Paumbwe nhoroondo yemhuri yake ine zvimwe rinokosha kupfuura zvakatipoteredza.
• Njere hakusi chete muupenyu. Rinogona ichishanduka, pamwe kudzikamiswa kuyaruka uye muduku mukuru. In mukuru dzevanhu njere kukura, sezvinoita mutemo, wasvika pamwero, uye zvino nyaya shoma kuchinja.
• Njere chinofanira kuyerwa nemiedzo. IQ nemiedzo yakagadzirirwa kufungisisa simba zera, dzidzo, mutauro zvikonzero, uye vari kuongorora nokururamisira yakarurama kutambudzwa rezvedzidzo kukura. Zvisinei, havasi patsika vakaumbwa, t. E. kupa nechinangwa tinyatsonzwisisa pfungwa nemano bvunzo akasiyana evanhu mapoka uye strata kwenzanga.

Types njere, maererano pfungwa "multi-njere" Mr. Gardner angava akasiyana (pane nomwe). Izvi zvine musoro-kwemasvomhu uchenjeri mhando, kutukana-mitauro, kutarisana-spatial. Uyewo nziyo uye mutinhimira, pamuviri-injini, intrapersonal uye interpersonal.

Social akachenjera ave pfungwa yakavakirwa intra- uye interpersonal mhando uye kunosanganisira kutanga hwokukurukura, kukwanisa kumisa vokukurukura uye kuvaka ukama, t. E. Zvinoreva kukura evanhu zvoupenyu wacho. Chechitatu pfungwa ndiyo pfungwa, t. E. Kugona kuziva uye zvakarurama kududzira pachako uye vamwe 'manzwiro avo uye kufanotaura pave nemafungiro nezviito zvevamwe.

Maererano neimwe dzidziso (maererano wepfungwa British Eysenck Pfungwa GY) njere inogona semhosva zvipenyu, magariro uye psychometric. Uyezve, mune zvakasiyana chaivo (majini kwatemwa), magariro njere, maererano musayendisiti, mugumisiro dzevanhu uye zvezvakatipoteredza mukukurukurirana, uye achiumbwa mubishi kwokuwana ruzivo.

Parizvino kuzivikanwa sendarama kwakakwana kupatsanura waJohani. Guildford vari yenhengo matanhatu. kukwanisa ichi kusiyanisa uye kududzira kutukana uye non-kutukana kukurukurirana zvakanaka, kuti asimbise mitemo mukuru kuti rakasiyana-siyana maitiro, ukama pakati zvimwe zvinhu mashoko, kubatwa pfungwa kukura chenyaya hombe ezvinhu uye kuti zvakarurama kududzira maitiro vanhu muzvirevo siyana, uyewo kufanoona nemigumisiro yezviito zvake uye nevamwe.

By R. Selmani evanhu uchenjeri racho kukura anoenda mumatanho shanu, imwe neimwe kunoratidzwa kuvandudza dzokuzvikoshesa ruzivo, nharaunda dzavo, shamwari uye vabereki.

At razero (pre-mumagariro) Danho iri hwomwana maitiro akanga hunodzorwa egocentrism. Mwana haana kukwanisa kusiyanisa pachavo kubva kunze kwenyika, kugoverana manzwiro avo uye pfungwa, uye vamwe asi.

In rokutanga Danho (zvamagariro) anova anoziva roga somunhu yoga nokuzivikanwa uye vakaparadzana nevamwe. In rechipiri Danho kune kukwanisa kufungisisa. Mwana kwatova kunzwisisa mumwe munhu uye ake pfungwa. Danho rechitatu (kazhinji 10-12 years) kunoratidzwa paumbwe dzokuzvikoshesa nokuzivikanwa, achitanga nzvimbo yaro iri maumbirwo ukama.

In pachikuva wechina rinouya kunzwisisa kudzama uye unoreva zvakawanda ukama hwevanhu, kuziva kutadza kunzwisisa kuti wacho uye nokuvapo anoverengeka kwevari nekuita, nokudaro achiumba unyanzvi noruzivo maitiro.