SVD (pfuti): noruzhinji. Sighting dungwerungwe SVD

Mapfuranhunzi pfuti SVD 7,62 yakatanga muna 1958-1963 pasi utungamiriri vagadziri Soviet Dragunova E. F. Zviri chombo Semi-automatic, ayo midziyo kunobva nesimba upfu magasi asunungurwa gasi pisitoni kwakabereka.

Zvinobva mudzidziso Soviet Military Encyclopedia

Mauto akavanda aingopfura chero vakadzidziswa maoko, vari achinyatsogona unyanzvi kamafurashi, nekuonekwa uye marksmanship; kukwanisa yakarova kupfura pamwe bara wokutanga. Pamutemo, iri sharpshooters vokutanga akazviratidza muBritish Army panguva World War First. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha evadzimi izvi ndiko kuparadza inokosha kubvongodzwa, akazaruka, uye Masked kuroorwa kushungurudza kuoneka. Zvinogona kuva muvengi nemasoja akavanda, vacherechedzi, vakuru uye nevamwe chokuita. The shooter aine pfuti vakapakata rinokosha pfuti. To moto pairi anosarudza uye anoshongedza chinzvimbo yakavanzwa. MuHondo Yenyika II, mapato ose kurwisana nezvombo zvinonzi nevakawanda muAtlantic nemasoja akavanda vakadzidziswa kuti ichi akamisa zvikoro chaizvo misangano uye mapoka. Mune USSR, uremu Data kugona unyanzvi rakanzi mapfuranhunzi kufamba. Uyezve, pfungwa iyi rava zita mhuri somugumisiro vakava kuzivikanwa sharpshooters avhiyesheni, atirari uye tangi nemauto.

Mapfuranhunzi nepfuti takashongedzerwa pamwe Manyiminya zvisakamboonekwa iyo anovandudza rakarurama aiming uye zvinopa zvokuongorora zvakanaka chero zvakatipoteredza. Nokuti vachiridzira usiku pamusoro chombo akatasva chiratidzo usiku zvinotyisa , kana ichisanganisira Manyiminya afoot okuvimba. Up kusvikira mangwanani 60-ies wekupedzisira remakore muSoviet Army haana specialized mapfuranhunzi nepfuti, uye akashandisa 'Mosin' nepfuti mharidzo 1891/30 Zvisinei nzira zvehondo zvakachinja, uye takambosangana yokurwisana zvomunharaunda wakakugadzirirai nhamba zvinodiwa kuti mapfuranhunzi nyaya. Saka, munhu anotamba mutsva kukura kwakadai chombo. Zvino isu akakudziridza uye kugadzirwa pasi anokosha mirairo yose okunze kubva katuriji uye Manyiminya kuona uye kupedza ane pfuti.

History of pakusikwa wokutanga Soviet mapfuranhunzi chivhorovhoro

Muna 1958, USSR Ministry Kudzivirira akarayira tactical uye michina zvinodiwa kuti pave Semi-otomatiki mapfuranhunzi nepfuti 7,62. Huru vakwikwidzi ari makwikwi ichi chakava Izhevsk mugadziri Dragunov E. F. uye Kovrov neemhizha Konstantinov A. Uyezve, mimwe yavo pasi Simonov SG & D chikwata Kalashnikov MT akapa experimental shanduro Dragunov pfuti Cer-58 aigona chokutanga "kusangana" iri muchinyatsongwarira zvinodiwa zvavakatemerwa nemauto, pashure paiva dzakachinjwa muenzaniso NE-61. Pashure okufananidza miedzo prototypes Konstantinov uye Dragunov rakashandurwa sarudzo iri yaienderana Dragunov chirongwa. Saka, SVD pfuti, zvainyanya iyo kundosangana zvose zvinodiwa, vakapinda nechisimba kare muna 1963, pasi chiratidzo 6V1.

kunobatsira ose zvishoma ...

Development kuti zvombo zvitsva kuti pfuti chaiitirwa neDare Research Institute №61 Sabelnikov V. M., Sazonov PF uye Dvoryaninov VN uyu katuriji bara ane simbi chinoumba, rakazoshandiswa makore mana pashure zvikuru nepfuti ( muna 1967) uye akagamuchira 7N1 indekisi. Nokuti kukura ane Manyiminya kuona PSO-1 akapindura mainjiniya Soviet Ovchinnikov VI uye Glyzov L. A. Technology kugadzira zvakarurama mudhiramu kuti pfuti iyi padzaiva Samoylov I. A. Kazhinji anoreva taura zvakafanana uye AK SVD hurongwa, ivo dzinoti vari zvinenge kufanana kuti kushandisa michina pamwe nokubviswa upfu magasi upfu kuburikidza kurutivi yokutanga, kuvhara zviri mugero nokuramba ari shutter uye miviri-kuita non-zvaitika kuchengeteka mhikuriso. Uyezve, chikungiso nyundo mashandiro ane zvakafanana Maumbirwe mainspring. Hapana mubvunzo, zvimwe zvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana zvakaiswa akakweretwa kubva AK, asi SVD pfuti, kwete kopi muchina, yakazvimirira hurongwa, uye uchapupu ichi ndiwo zvinhu chombo ichi, izvo ratinoparidza pazasi.

Interesting kusiyana Dragunov nepfuti, chokuita "mapfuranhunzi", "zvinangwa

Ngatitarisei chii chinoita musiyano uri chombo gadziriro yakazvimirira. SVD-pfuti keriya bhaudhi hauna pamwe gasi pisitoni iyo (uyewo Hwokutengesa) chakagadzirirwa sechipo yoga pakuderedza pamwe yayo kudzoka yechirimo. Vanotora Simudzai kutanga nzvimbo pashure marara mapuranga. Zvoga inofamba iri yaora kupinda anotevedzana kufambira nomumwe zvikamu. Saka, ichi zvinotungamirira nokuwedzera kufarira nguva mashandiro uye kuderedza zvinonyatsorehwa kurema zvinofamba zvikamu pamwe chete. Pfungwa iyi anovandudza kumeso otomatiki drawdown uye smoothes ari pulsed mutoro. Mukuwedzera, ungano ine gasi vakavhiyiwa gasi regulator kunodiwa kuti ndikwane vaizviita vachizvitakudza mashandiro kushanda zvakaoma uchishandisa mamiriro.

shutter mashandiro

Hic-gedhi pfuti nepokuongorora zano kuti ane zvakafanana, ichibata lugs matatu. Izvi zvinoita nokukiya muitiro zvikuru yakavimbika, asi kunoderedza pakona kuti vachishandisa kutenderera mashandiro. Rechargeable mubato iri kurudyi uye aumbwa integrally chete ondomoka puranga. Tikafunga ichi hombe maumbirwo nechiedza shutter anokwanisa kupa zvikuru rakavimbika oparesheni.

Chikungiso mashandiro

USM mapfuranhunzi iyi pfuti iri vakaungana ari oga cabinet, zviri kupa chete moto chete. An yepakutanga chepfungwa mashandiro ari kushandisa chikungiso (kuwedzera zvikuru basa) sezvo disconnector sear uye rukungiso muedzo. Non-otomatiki kuchengeteka mhikuriso akatendeuka pamusoro kutigumbura pakuchiva uye rukungiso, uyewo anofukidza cutout kubva receiver.

Bed ndikarangarira SVD

SVD-pfuti ine maitiro notch ari garo kuti ayo unopinza pamberi anoumba munhu chivhorovhoro rokuona. Mugwaro chimiro kunoita kuti tirambe chombo noruoko rwake rworuboshwe, kuita kupfura pamwe chemabhazi. On the garo chinogona kubatanidzwa munhu bvisika unregulated "dama" uye rinotangira magumo. The rinotangira magumo chakaumbwa nemakomo maviri zvakafanana, ichibata mahwendefa hunde, vane cheap car insurance kuti nani kutonhora pfuti. Pads vakapakata chitubu-hwavapo kuitira kuti pfungwa bhokisi rutsigiro iri akabatana ari dhiramu. Somugumisiro, kuedza kupa kutsigira ruoko pfuti, asingadi kukanganisa migumisiro kupfura. Uyezve, kana hunde elongation anokonzerwa muchidziisa pamwe bara, asi honokono kunoita mberi zvishoma; sezvo vave nechekuita ezvinhu handishanduki, saka hapana misha paiya inonzi mid-pfungwa kuonana. Kubvira pakutanga kwayo, SVD (photo, munyaya ino, tinoratidza atakurukura zvombo) kaviri mumatanho wandei mazuvaano. Somugumisiro, remuti buttstock uye handguard vakanga yakatsiviwa laminated plywood, mumwe nadzurudzo ano kunouya ane mapurasitiki garo uye mahwendefa girazi faibha Akazadzisa polyamide dema. kuchinja izvi kwakaderedza kurema SVD.

zvombo

Sezvambotaurwa, SVD saizi iri 7,62h53. Food pfuti rakagadzirwa miviri-metal bhokisi patsanurika kwemauto zvakaumbwa joko ane chinzvimbo chiri cartridges gumi. Designers vanofanira kufunga nzvimbo muchitoro kuitira kuti pakati kukomba chombo pakuiswa pamusoro payo. Somugumisiro, kudyiwa zvombo une anenge hapana zvazvinoita pakuenzanisa nepfuti, uye saka pamusoro kuchinja kwezvinhu Zvichakadaro achitandadza aaiitawo. Nokuti vachiridzira kubva mapfuranhunzi Dragunova akashandisa, kunze chaiye katuriji 7N1 uyewo pfuti katuriji 57-H-223 ane lightweight bara pamwe 7T2 tracer bara, uye 7B3 pamwe dzokurwa kuboora incendiary mutariri uye nevamwe.

Manyiminya zviridzwa

Reticle SVD PSO-1 ane mana mudanga kuwedzera mumunda maonero 6%. Zvinonzi akashongedzerwa ane retractable izvo Hood uye anodzivirira rabha eyecups. Reticle ane chikuru square, rakagadzirirwa vachiridzira ari chinhambwe kusvikira mumwe kiromita, uyewo mamwe - 1,1, 1,2 uye 1,3? Km - uye kutambudzwa lateral yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita. Uyezve, PCP-1 rinopa rangefinder pamwero uchishandisa sighting siyana SVD anopa chipfuro kureba 1,7 M (yevanhu yakazara urefu mufananidzo) rakarurama 50 metres. Reticle chiedza mudziyo iri dzinofambiswa pedyo bhatiri akaiswa chaiyo mupanda mu dzimba. Mune optics ari fluorescent ndiro akaiswa, izvo zvinogona kuziva matsime michini mwaranzi. Webetsero zvokuimba mudziyo kushandiswa - kwemauto kuona dzaona pane zvakawanda 1,2? Km uye chinjika pamberi kuona. PSO-1 optics rwakapa hwaro nokuumba mhuri zvisakamboonekwa kusanganisira PSO-1 M2. Sighting Range SVD pamwe wokuenzanisira ichi chiri zvinobva 0.1 kusvika 1,3? Km. Muna 1989, kwaiva itsva 1P21 namano. Izvi SVD optics ane shanduka magnification nhamba kubva 3 9, ayo munda maonero 6 ° ukuwo 11 '- 2 ° 23'. Mukuwedzera, mudziyo anobvumira kushandiswa reticle jekeso nechiedza kuzvidzora.

SVD rifle-: unhu zvombo

The zvachose kureba chombo pasina bhayoneti pakati 1225 mm uye mudhiramu pakureba - 620 mm. Weight pamwe monica magazini uye Manyiminya kuona - 4,52 makirogiramu. Cartridge - 7,62h53. The kwokutanga bara velocity iri 830 m / s. Combat zvazvingava - vaitenderera 30 paminiti (chaizvo akanaka mugumisiro, kufungisisa chete chete vachiridzira muoti panguva SVD mapfuranhunzi kwepfuti). Vachiridzira siyana ane telescopic kuona ndiyo 1300 metres, uye ane zvokuimba mudziyo - 1200 mamita. Magazine vanokwanisa - 10 vaitenderera.

musimboti oparesheni

chombo Automatic anoshanda panheyo vachibvisa combustible propellant magasi kuburikidza unokosha buri iri dhiramu. Nokukiya nekuvhura zvechizarira mashandiro counterclockwise. Musiyano mukuru kubva vematunhu mabasa sezvo Kalashnikov kuti katuriji rammer rinoshandiswawo sezvi- lugs (Mutsara wechitatu). Izvi vanobvumidzwa, pasina vachichinja transverse kukura shutter, kundosvikazve pakona rimwe kutenderera, inenge hafu nguva kuwedzera nzvimbo lugs. Somugumisiro, vatatu chikepe pfungwa vanopa yakatsiga zvikuru nzvimbo mashandiro, vakakoniwa kukanganisa kuwedzera rakarurama moto. Kana vachiridzira mugove propellant magasi vanotevera bara kuburikidza gasi ndima Upfu pamadziro runoyerera muimba gasi yepamusoro uye pazvisviniro rusvingo pamberi pisitoni. Somugumisiro, mashoko pisitoni pamwe plunger uye masiraidhi puranga inobviswa shure chinzvimbo.

Panguva iyi, mukova dzikapupurira, bhaudhi zvakabviswa kubva ruoko kubva yomukati uye ejects kunze receiver. Pashure paizvozvo, suo puranga anorumanya kudzoka chitubu uye cocks, kureva izvozvo anoisa platoon otomatiki kusunungurwa. Uyezve, pasi Zvakaitwa kudzoka mashandiro vose STRUCTURAL zvinhu zviri vakadzokera chepakutanga pamberi nzvimbo. Kana shutter anofanira kutumwa inotevera katuriji mukamuri anaro Vhudzi ari ikabereka, akaendesa bhaudhi inobvisa sear pamwe cocking rukungiso timer uye anogadza kwayo cocked. Nokukiya gedhi mugero mudhiramu nekuvhura kuti kuruboshwe uye pakuvira lugs kupinda pakadzika receiver.

Kuitira kuti inotevera bara, kuregedza uye kudhonza chikungiso. Asunungurwa shamhu kunoita kuti mberi nzvimbo yaro chiredzo vanoridza pamusoro sear. By nekudzvanya pamusoro chirauro chirauro rotates sear, nokudaro disconnects zvayo cocked uye chikungiso. Yokupedzisira, pasi Zvakaitwa mainspring rotates pamusoro wayo akabatana uye ane vachiridzira mbambo, izvo zvinofamba munzvimbo mberi nzvimbo uye pave kutyora Kamudzira. Unopisa propellant katuriji akavhenganiswa uye bara. Kana wokupedzisira bara rinoitwa kuti shutter iri retracted uye feeder anaro anosimudza ari shutter chemabhazi. Iye hunogara uye furemu rinomira shure chinzvimbo. It anoshumira museve chiratidzo kuti vanofanira vapinze pfuti zvakare.

kushandiswa pfungwa

To-ruoko varwisane kuna IRS inogona wakaiswa bhayoneti mwero mhando (6x4). Kunyange zvazvo chizenga ichi pamusoro mapfuranhunzi pfuti hariwanikwi chaizvo uye zvakaoma zvakakodzera. Kunyange zvakadaro, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti chombo akasikwa ive midziyo zviduku commando zviyero, uye vanosungirwa kuriritira ayo chikumbiro kunyange melee.

Kazhinji, ari IRS design, zvainyanya zvakanga chaizvo chaizvo, aiva akanaka chaizvo nekuyanana pakati mukuru muhondo uye mapfuranhunzi zvinodiwa. Uyezve, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pfuti iyi yaiva yokutanga mauto chombo magadzirirwo iyo ine michina mitambo kunonyatsooneka. Nokuti 60-70-ies wekupedzisira remakore, SVD ane yakakwirira chaizvo kururama. Experience anotiudza kuti mapfuranhunzi ichi kunogona rova huru pane chinhambwe kashoma detectable kusvika 800 metres. SVD siyana zvinangwa akadai "rumbabvu chimiro" (50x50 cm) kusvika mamita 600 uye "nomufananidzo musoro" (25x30 cm) - 300 metres.

Battle kubwinya

Vashoma yakakwirira mukurumbira, ichi mapfuranhunzi pfuti vawana mukurwisana zvechiuto muna Afghanistan uye muBosnia, muChechnya. Izvi imhaka yakakwirira vanokwanisa pakati SVD, ane unhu akabvumira kuchengeta moto yakarurama mumakomo. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti hapana mhando kurwa wakakwana pasina yezviri kunobatanidza nemasoja akavanda, saka kwakadai chombo raiva uye ichagara kudiwa.

To musi, okunatsiridza siyana SVD rakanyorwa nemauto vanopfuura hafu gumi nevaviri nyika. Various nzira yakapiwa muna China, Iraq, Romania. Mukuwedzera, njodzi muenzaniso wedu akaratidza yakawiriranwa sniping, kunovhima uye zvemitambo zvombo. Pashure pezvose zvakavakwa kushandisa zvakaitika yokupfura mitambo pfuti SVD chakandibatsira zvikuru uye ave achishanda sehwaro munhevedzano kunovhima nepfuti se "Bear", "Tiger" uye OC-18.

SVD mapfuranhunzi pfuti: mutengo

vavhimi ruzivo kazhinji bvunza kana vanogona kutenga zvombo zvehondo, kunyanya pfuti SVD, sezvo kunovhima. Zvisinei, mutemo Russian unorambidza kutengeswa SVD kupinda pachake. Asi pane mhinduro: asi Izhevsk chirimwa unobereka Shanduro yepakutanga makopi kuhondo pfuti Dragunov akapfura pamwe kuchengetedza. Somugumisiro, chero kufarira munhu anogona kutenga kopi chigadzirwa ichi maererano nezvinodiwa forensic Interior Muushumiri mitemo ari turnover nebasa uye nezvombo zvavo. Zvisinei, pakarepo kusimbisa muverengi - change izvi hazvina chokuita nokushanda uye nokurondedzerwa yacho pfuti. By zita raro prefixed KO, zvinoreva "kuvhima kwepfuti". Ukoshi kuna SVD ndiyo 62 zviuru rubles. Kana muvhimi asingadi kuita mukuru mutengo, iye achagamuchira yakavimbika, simba, nguva-akaedzwa chombo chikuru kuti vachamushumira akatendeka munhu gore.

In mhedziso

Dragunov mapfuranhunzi pfuti vaudzewo pacharo ave simba uye yakavimbika chombo, kwemakore akawanda akaramba zvakanakisisa aibatanidza maoko womuenzaniso. Zvisinei, kuchinja, kuwedzera kunzwisisa uye kuwedzera mabasa echiuto kuti kugadziriswa kuburikidza mapfuranhunzi mukurwisana ano, zvaida kukura itsva kupfura ezvinhu ane nani kupfura zvakarurama, uyewo aine maonero kuwedzera zvakawanda zvipfupi. Kutaura zvazviri, IRS uye kwete mapfuranhunzi pfuti yazvino racho, chikuru Chinangwa chacho chaiva kuwedzera chinobudirira siyana evadzimi vomoto motorized pfuti mumapoka (kusvika mamita 600). Uye akasikirwa kupa zvakafanira moto rutsigiro (kudzvinyirira vachiridzira pfungwa). Nezvenyaya iyi, SVD uye haina kunodiwa kuva siyana uye kururama hwemazuva mapfuranhunzi nepfuti. Saka, pasinei wokukundwa kupinda basa idzva pfuti zvikuru simba gadziriro, mauto hapana kukurumidza kurega, uye kubva rikaratidzwa Classics pakurwa. Somuenzaniso, anokosha mauto mapfuranhunzi nepfuti vari chambered nokuda 8,61 mm uye motorized zvikamu kuramba kushandisa SVD.