Siam Country: Kare uye chipo

Mashoko okuti "nyika siam" munhu kujairana munhoroondo Southeast Asia, sokuti kuva chinhu chinoshamisa uye kumbovapo chaizvo. Zvichakadai, panguva yaiva simba mamiriro, vairinda ndikunde vavakidzani, uye nhasi ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzine mukurumbira zororo dzokugara evashanyi Russian.

protohistory

Zvinoratidza panguva matongo Zvakafukunurwa zvinoratidza kuti nyika idzi dzakanga inogarwa varimi, uyo akashandisa zvokushandisa endarira, kanenge, atova makore 3500 akapfuura. Pakazosvika mavambo yaitonga yedu patova kuumbwa akawanda zvemisoro. vagari dzavo vaiva vatakuri Mon-Khmer mitauro. Vamwe vavo kushandisa chiBuddha muna 6th remakore, uye vanhu kuCambodia vanozviti ChiHindu.

Muzana remakore rechi9 nharaunda siam kubva North Vietnam infiltrated ari Thais, uyo pakupedzisira akagadzirisa nzvimbo huru muna East Asia.

KuMiddle Ages

Muzana remakore rechi13 zviri Thais vakakwanisa ibatane uye kumisa yakazvimirira mamiriro Sukhothai. ichatonga zvine mbiri yayo akauya yaitonga Mambo Ramkhamhaeng, uyo akakurumidza akashandura nyika yake rimwe marudzi simba vakawanda ipapo South-East Asia. Zvikurukuru, iye akawedzera Sukhothai uye kuguma kwake akaraira kuti acheke ibwe mazita avo vaita. Pakafa Ramkhamhaeng mamiriro ariko anenge zana.

Umambo Ayutthaya

Muzana remakore rechi14, Sukhothai aingofunga nokuda kwayo muvakidzani wokumaodzanyemba. State of Ayutthaya rakavakwa Rama Rokutanga, uyo akazviti mwari. guta rayo guru yakanga yakakurisa, zviri nyore kuti kukwikwidzana zhinji misoro European nguva. It Thais kurarama ayo akafanana, kokutanga vakatanga kushandisa shoko "Siamese" ayo izita.

siam nyika

Muna 1569 Ayutthaya maigara Burmese nemauto. Asi vanhu vake vakakwanisa ibatane uye kudzinga muvengi. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga akabatanidzwa mamiriro Ayutthaya Chiang Mai. Zvinoguma umambo siam.

Kwemazana emakore mana, kwave kune zvivako zvakawanda uye mamwe mabasa zvinhu uye chisingaoneki tsika.

Education mutongo Chakri chigaro

Muna 1767 iri siam (zvanzi nyika anoudzwa munyaya) yakapamba Burma hondo zvakare. Kutamburira kusunungurwa munyika inotungamirwa General Naizvozvo Shin, avo vakakwanisa kudzinga zvisingaiti, uye pachigaro choushe vake vepedyo shamwari Pya Chakri. Ndicho yokupedzisira akazova muvambi imba youmambo, iyo ichiri anotonga Umambo Thailand.

Relations pamwe vokuEurope

Nhume Mambo Spain akasvika Ayutthaya mukupera kwezana remakore rechi16. Asi pamberi pavo pane kakawanda nechikepe vatengesi vokuEurope. Siam vatongi kunzwisisa zvakanakira pave rara mhiri kwemakungwa vakokwa. Ndokusaka 1608 vakatuma nhume kuna kuNetherlands kuti mhedziso norugare zvibvumirano uye kutengeserana. Nokukurumidza siam (nhasi iyo nyika iri vakaudza pazasi) zvikazikamwa muTestamende World senzvimbo vaizotibata kuumba ezvokutengeserana ukama, uye kwakaonekwa British zvokutengeserana mumhanyi uye Dutch wezvokutengeserana basa.

A akachenjera vatorwa mutemo madzimambo Thai chaiva chikonzero chokuti nyika yavo yave kudziviswa Colonisation uye akava mhando rusununguko mapazi pakati mhiri nefuma makuru nyika dzokuEurope.

Muzana remakore rechi19

Kuti tirambe varege chisanyanya rusununguko, nyika siam muna 1828 chibvumirano pamwe British Empire. Maererano gwaro rino, Britain Unotenderwa vakasununguka kutengeserana ari munharaunda chiteshi, uye vose mhosva vanotongwa Her rwaChangamire Queen Victoria aifanira kunzwisisa vatongi British. Papera chinguva, yakafanana chibvumirano chakanga yakasainwa pamwe United States.

Muna 1851, akakwira choushe chechina puranga. Akawana dzidzo yakanaka, kusanganisira kudzidza nebudiriro sayenzi Western, uye akaita zvakawanda modernize siam. Kana paine dzinoverengeka okunyanyisa zvinhu. Chief pakati pavo vakanga kurambidzwa kwouranda, kusikwa kwegadziriro ruramisiro European mureza uye kutanga kuvakwa njanji. Ndizvo zvakaita kosi yacho Rama Wechina wakaradzikwa kuti vakunde Ages kusaziva, iyo kusvikira zvino yakaramba siam.

Nhoroondo nyika pasi naMambo Chulalunkorne (Rama V)

mambo uyu, uyo nhaka choumambo pashure baba vake Rama Chechina, akaramba mutemo zvinhu kuti baba vake vakatanga. Pasi pake nyika siam chinotarisirwa neHurumende Council, paiva shumiro ane 12, akapinda riparadzirwe bepa mari uye akavhura chikoro paruzhinji. Zvisinei, kuedza ake kuratidza mukuru rusununguko mune dzimwe mutemo kwave kusingabudiriri uye zvinenge zvakatungamirira pavanotaurirana pamwe France. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 1898 masimba European yasimbiswa papepa chinangwa chacho kwete vanokanganisa uchangamire siam.

Chulalunkorn akatsvaka munzira dzose kusimbisa ukama ndimo makapiwa nehurumende nyika Old World. Vaiwanzofamba kunze. Ikoko aiitirwa kwete mwari, sezvo rakaitwa kumba, uye iye akapindura nomufaro mibvunzo pamusoro chii chinoumba siam (zvanzi nyika, chii vorudzii vanhu vanogara ikoko, uye zvichingodaro.).

Nhoroondo hurumende yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20

Pasinei nokuedza naMambo Chulalunkorna, kana akarasikirwa chigayo chacho vakawanda munharaunda yacho. Muna 1910, pashure porufu rwake, akakwira chigaro mwanakomana namambo wacho Rama yechitanhatu. Akanga kuchitsigira Anglophile uye vanozvikudza zita General of Army of British Empire. Pasi pake nyika vakapinda War World Vokutanga ari kurutivi Entente. Kunyange zvazvo expeditionary simba akatumwa Europe, haana kutora chikamu mukurwa.

King Rama Wechitanhatu akafa makore 44. mwanakomana wake panguva yakanga mwedzi mishomanana okuberekwa, saka pachigaro choushe akaratidza munin'ina wamambo.

chimurenga

Wechinomwe Board of Rama, zvakaitika kuti ave pachigaro choushe, hapana inokosha haina mavara. Uyezve, haana kuona kuti nyika akaumba antimonarchist mwoyo, izvo zvakaita kuti ropa chimurenga kuti yakatanga muna 1932.

The initiator of kubvuta masimba rakanga chakavanzika sangano "Vanhu Party". Nhengo dzayo, kunyanya Thais akanga akadzidziswa Europe, vakashandisa chokwadi kuti mambo akanga ari nyika kugara Hua Hin, uye vakabata simba muna Bangkok. Vakatendeukira kuva mubatwa 40 vamiririri vemhuri youmambo, uyewo vashumiri vanoverengeka uye vemauto. King akanga asina sarudzo asi kugamuchira ezvinhu "Vanhu Party", pasi yaakange ikozvino kutonga, maererano bumbiro akanyorwa vamiririri vesangano iri.

renaming

Muna 1939 chiitiko chakaitika, nokuti izvo nhasi tinogona kunzwa mubvunzo: "? Chii nyika ainzi siam" Ichiedza kusika itsva mamiriro, ivo kuipandukira hwaida renaming youmambo. chikuru nharo dzavo waiva kuti shoko "siam" akanga mutorwa kuna Thais. Somushonga mazita matsva dzave dzichitaurwa "Mueang Tai" uye "Pratet Tai." Zvadaro, zvose zvikuru euphonious kwainzi mashoko okuti "Umambo Thailand".

modernity

Nhasi, Thailand - ari mamiriro chehurumende riri yepamutemo umambo. Panguva iyoyo, nyika iri kusangana nokukurumidza zvoupfumi kukura. Nyaya Inokosha hwenyika vari zvokurima uye ushanyi. Country pacharo rinotaura negasi, izvo vaiona huru kunobva magetsi. Uyezve, Thailand ndomumwe exporters munyika kupfuura zvomugungwa uye rabha.

Zvino kuti unoziva nyika yaimbonzi siam. Kunze, munoziva vamwe mashoko zvenhoroondo wayo, saka uchava nechido chikuru kunzwa nyaya vatungamiriri panguva rwendo kuThailand.