Shakespeare Theater "Globe". Mumwe mukuru dzemitambo rokuLondon: History

Shakespeare Theater "Globe" anonzi imwe yenzvimbo inozivikanwa kwete chete muna UK asiwo Europe. Nhasi haasi chete kwetsika kupfungwa wakakurumbira, apo unogona kuona zvesimba yakakurumbira vatungamiriri uye murinde mutambo nyeredzi wenyika theatre Chiitiko, asiwo mumwe yakakurumbira rainzwika London.

prehistory

Zvakatanga nepfungwa yokuti muna 1576 yokutanga voruzhinji yemitambo muLondon yakavakwa Shoreditch, iyo zvose anongonzi "The Theatre". Aiva James Burbage, uyo akashanda somuvezi achiri muduku, asi akazova mutambi uye vakaunganidza yake troupe. mitambo iyi kusvikira 1597, apo muridzi nyika iyo ikamira, akabvunza kubudiswa munyika kana kuti kumubhadhara rendi kaviri. Uye vanakomana wehondo sangano - Richard uye Cuthbert - vakasarudza kutanga nzvimbo itsva iri mhiri Thames uye zvaitakura kudzokera matanda disassembled yematanda pakuvaka Chiitiko - danda rimwe danda.

Rokutanga "Globe"

Kuvaka itsva yemitambo yakatora makore 2. Somugumisiro, Burbage venhaka vakava varidzi hafu chivakwa akaatora 50 muzana rokutambudzikira tsika itsva. Nokuti kuchengetedzeka asara, vari akavagovera wandei inozivikanwa nhengo kambani yekare, mumwe aiva mutambi uye munyori vakawanda Mitambo hunoumba repertoire kuti "Globus" - Uilyam Shekspir.

New Theater kwakatora makore 14 chete, panguva iyo kwakanga premiered anenge ose mabasa akanyorwa munyori wemitambo kukuru. "Globus" ainakidzwa Zvinoshamisa mukurumbira, uye pakati vateereri kazhinji vanogona kuonekwa vanokudzwa anokosha uye vairemekedzwa. Kamwe, kana akanga mutambo "Henry VIII" pachikuva, riri kunze chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo kurongeka kanoni, zvokuti dzakaparira yakapfirirwa denga, uye yematanda kuvaka Yakatsva mumaawa mashomanana. Sezvineiwo, hapana, kunze chete chauri akagamuchira Hutsvi hudiki, regai kukuvara, asi munhandare yemitambo Shakespeare kuti "Globe", runoonekwa chimwe chezvinhu inozivikanwa masangano nerudzi rwayo muEngland panguva iyoyo, rakaparadzwa.

History 1614 kubva 1642

Nguva pfupi pashure moto, yemitambo rakavakwazve pamusoro chete panzvimbo zvakare. Zvisinei, vanotsvakurudza havana nhasi ane nokubvumirana pamusoro kana mari chirongwa chitsva kwakanga Uilyam Shekspir. Sezvo munyori wemitambo biographers cherechedza, panguva iyi akanga matambudziko makuru noutano, uye zvinoita kuti akanga nokubva bhizimisi. Chero zvakanga, Shakespeare akafira April 23, 1616, apo wechipiri yemitambo akapona kusvikira 1642 ndipo. Panguva iyoyo "Globus" rakavharwa uye emauto akadzingwa mabasa troupe wake, sezvo ari kuEngland, Hondo Civil yakatanga, uye nevaPuritan vakauya simba vakaita kurambidza upi nevaraidzo mabasa regai dzinoenderana netsika muRoma. Pashure 2 years yemitambo chivakwa ndokuparadza zvachose, saka hwokusunungura nzvimbo yokuvaka chokugara mufurati muzvivako. In kuvakwa ichi rakaitwa saka zvakasimba kuti kunyange kusiya zvisaririra zvose ariko yemitambo "Globe".

Kucherwa

Britain anozivikanwa somunhu nyika apo kwemakore 500 apfuura anoteerera chaizvo magwaro uye yamabhuku. Naizvozvo chinoshamisa kwazvo kuti kusvikira pakuguma 80s remakore rapfuura, hapana aigona kuudza nzvimbo chaiyo apo yakakurumbira Shakespeare yemitambo yaiva muzana remakore rechi17 "Globe". Light panyaya iyi rakadeurwa matongo Zvakafukunurwa yakaitwa muna 1989 munharaunda kupaka Anchor Terrace, riri pamusoro Park Street. Ipapo masayendisiti vaigona kuona chikamu nheyo uye mumwe shongwe "Globes". Maererano masayendisiti, munzvimbo uye nhasi zvingava zvakafanira kuramba kutsvaka yemitambo yakaoma zvitsva zvimedu. Zvisinei, tsvakurudzo hazvibviri, sezvo nhamba zvivako uye zvivako ramakore rechi18, kuti mitemo British havasi pasi rusarura.

Chii chaiva pakuvaka yemitambo pa Shakespeare

Kukura wechipiri "Globe" haisi kuzivikanwa kuti vamwe, asi urongwa masayendisiti ake vakakwanisa kudzorera zvakarurama kwazvo. Zvikurukuru, vakakwanisa kumisa kuti yakavakwa somunhu-Tiered matatu panze dzemitambo dhayamita pamusoro 97-102 tsoka, izvo zvinogona panguva kutakura mamiriyoni 3 vaoni. Zvisinei, saka pakutanga ndakafunga kuti maumbirwo uyu dzeraundi, chikamu nheyo Zvakafukunurwa kwakaratidza kuti akafanana ane 18- kana 20-hedron uye akanga kanenge imwe shongwe.

Kana dzomunyika maumbirwo "Globes" kuti kumwezve proscenium yakasvika pakati pechivanze yakazaruka. The Danho pacharo pamwe tsotsonya, apo, kana zvichikodzera, kunze vatambi, aiva makubhiti 43 tsoka, mumwe kureba 27 tsoka uye akamutswa kupfuura pasi kuti nekukwirira anenge 1.5 m.

vateereri zvigaro

tsananguro hwakawanda huripo pakati yemitambo "Globe" rinoratidza kuti munhu kumbonyanya vakasununguka vachivata nokuti vakakwirira vakanga riri pedyo rusvingo rokutanga weDanho. Above namaberere izvi dzakavakwa kuti vagari akapfuma uye varombo asi vanoremekedzwa Londoners uye vechidiki, yakanga mari, akatarisa dzinoratidza agere pasi, riri pachikuva kurudyi. Ndaive yemitambo uye vanonzi gomba, iro rega murombo vave kukwanisa kubhadhara-paavhareji-maonero kumiririrwa mumwe sendi. Sezvineiwo, chikamu ichi aiva tsika kudya panguva chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba nzungu uye maranjisi, saka kupikidura rokuvambwa "Globe" yakawanikwa semirwi goko nezvimedu uye mbeu maranjisi.

Mapapiro uye nzvimbo musicians

On rwemberi chikamu padenga yakavakwa pachikuva, vachitsigirwa ne hombe pembiru. Pasi payo kure somunhu raiva sirin'i tsotsonya, kupendwa makore, apo, kana zvakakodzera, vatambi aigona uchaburuka pamusoro netambo, kuratidza vanamwari kana ngirozi. Kunewo panguva zvesimba vaiva stagehands, buruka kana vanokwira girl.

Kubva seri noruzhinji, apo nhengo chakakandirwa akapfeka uye akatarira kubva maonero ari kutarisira ayo kwebhuku panzvimbo pakanga magonhi maviri kana matatu. Kuti colour nokuda adjoined muvharanda apo vaimbi vakatora zvavo zvigaro theatre kwaya uye mune dzimwe zvesimba, dzakadai kugadzirwa "Romeo uye Juliet", yaishandiswa sezvi- chikuva hwaakange chiito kunoitika.

Shakespeare Theater "Globe" nhasi

England imwe nyika vane mupiro nyika Mutambo zvakaoma kuona. Nhasi, inozivikanwa, kusanganisira enhoroondo dzemitambo rokuLondon, izvo kune vanopfuura gumi nevaviri, haazivani vaoni rose mwaka. Kufarira ndiro yechitatu "Globe", sezvo kushanya kwake kwakafanana rwendo nenguva. Uyewo, vashanyi dziri nokukwezvwa apo vatambi miziyamu matsva.

pfungwa kuti ndimutsidzire Chirungu yemitambo "Globe" muna 1990. Uye kutarisira basa racho chinozivikanwa American mutambi uye mukuru Sam Uenameyker akaomerera kuti chivako chitsva yakavakwa kuti zvakanakisisa zvairatidzika chepakutanga. Reviews evashanyi avo vakashanyira zvesimba pakati yemitambo "Globe", anoratidza kuti zvikuru chikwata hombe ezvivako nomukurumbira, mainjiniya uye consultants mubasa racho porumutsiriro mumwe yakakurumbira nemagariro masangano munhoroondo London, akabudirira zvakazara. Vakatosvika nokudzitira denga ne uswa, akanyatisa wake tsvimbo moto, kunyange zvazvo izvi kuvaka zvinhu muguta guru British haina kushandiswa anopfuura makore 250. Kuvhurwa kwakaitika muna 1997, uye kwemakore anoda kusvika 18 makore, ndipo kuonekwa nezvinobvamo vakawanda Shakespeare kuti anotamba epakutanga seti uye zvokupfeka. Uye, sezvo ushe vaJakobho First uye Charles Rokutanga, mu yemitambo hapana hazvizivi chiedza uye zvesimba inoitwa masikati.

zvesimba

Sezvo kare akataura, hwaro repertoire of ukavandudzwa "Globus" - William Shakespeare. Kunyanya dzakakurumbira zvesimba akadai "The mukukurira of Shrew," "Mambo Lear," "Henry IV kuti," "Hamlet" uye vamwe vanoridza sezvo muzana remakore rechi17. In kururamisira zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti havasi vose tsika Shakespeare kuti yemitambo akapona mu "Globe" nhasi. Kunyanya, hadzi mabasa ari mutambi vachiridza nhasi panzvimbo majaya vatambi, sezvo akanga zvakajairika makore 250 akapfuura.

Most ichangopfuura, yemitambo wakauya pamusoro rwavakaita kuRussia uye vakauya inoshandiswa pakutsigira kuti "Dream Midsummer Usiku." Zvaigona kuoneka kwete bedzi Muscovites, asi vagari Ekaterinburg, muPskov nemamwe maguta nyika yedu yakawanda. Reviews pakati vokuRussia vaiva kupfuura chaizvo, pasinei nokuti vakawanda vateereri akateerera mashoko ari mawa dudziro, vakakoniwa kuvhiringidza munhu RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA omumwe vatambi dzinotambira.

Kupi uye sei kuti

Today Shakespeare Theater "Globus" riri: New Globe Walk, SE1. Nyore nzira kuti ipapo pevhu, kusvika Cannon St yemapurisa, Mansion House. Sezvo chivakwa chikamu pasina denga, ipapo kuva chauri pagungano chokupika yemitambo "Globe" Zvinogoneka chete kubva 19 May kusvika 20 September. Panguva iyoyo yose gore anoronga Tours hworusvingo, anobvumira kuti kuona kwete chete chikuva uye paiitirwa, asiwo kuti vavake seti uye backstage. Uyewo, vashanyi vanoratidza zvokupfeka akaita pamusoro yokunyora nokudhirowa ramakore rechi17 uye tsaru zvokushandisa. Price Pakushanyira yemitambo sechinhu miziyamu pamusoro yemitambo uri pamusoro Shakespeare kuti nguva yava 7 makirogiramu vana uye £ 11 nevakura.

Zvino imi munoziva nhoroondo yemitambo "Globe", uyewo munoziva kuti ikoko uye chii unogona kuona zvesimba ikoko.