Savannah: ivhu, miti nemhuka. Chii nevhu vakawanda vari savanna?

Savannah - wechisikigo nzvimbo ine predominance pamusoro herbaceous zvinomera tsvuku lateritic nevhu. Izvi mapazi dzinongoitika kunzwisisa (PC) iri kuparadzirwa pakati mumasango uye Semi-mumarenje. Over 40% kwenharaunda Africa inogarwa zvakawanda expanses ose savanna. Nevhu vari akaumba pasi yakatsvukuruka uswa hurefu ane predominance ezviyo, miti uye kashoma zviitiko mumatenhere nemiti.

dzinopisa dondo inowanzorimwa

Savannah, kunze Africa, dzakazara Australia uye reIndia. To ichi mhando ndezvaMwari PC kentät plains uye yakaoma yeSouth America. Kazhinji zvichienzaniswa mapani dondo-inowanzorimwa pakati dzinodziya mapazi ose Eurasia. Pane zvimwe zvakafanana, asi pane zvakawanda kusiyana. Huru zvinhu zvaizobatsira Savannah:

• ivhu pamwe pasi manyowa kugutsikana;
• xeromorphic herbaceous uswa;
• pamiti vane korona umbellate;
• Vapfumi siyana fauna of (kusiyana inowanzorimwa, varemekedzwe).

Campos - Brazilian african savana rwenze - inoumbwa rakasiyana-siyana chirimwa munharaunda. Cerrados kunoratidzwa nokuvapo miti yakaderera ichingowedzera uye nemiti yose. Limpos mhando inowanzorimwa yakareba. Plains kumativi maviri ari Orinoco River muSouth America akafukidzwa gobvu uswa uye munhu mapoka miti (yemichindwe).

African savanna. Ivhu uye Climate

Tropical dondo nzvimbo zvinotora pamusoro kondinendi inopisa, vanenge 40% mundima.
Muna Northern Hemisphere savanna akavanzvenga semideserts panguva Latitude 16-18 °, rakada vachiwirirana kuna Lake Chad uye granulated shuga. Muganhu mapazi ari PC rwezasi ndiko Tropic of Capricorn. Savannah mapani nenzvimbo nzvimbo uye kumuka kune rebei pakakwirira mukati East African rwenze.

The koshesa mhando okunze - Sub-Equatorial uye inopisa. Anonyatsooneka distinguishable rose gore nemwaka maviri - nyoro uye yakaoma. mwaka wemvura ipfupi kana kutama kubva neequator kusvikira dzinopisa kubva 7-9 kusvikira 3-4 mwedzi. Muna January, kana ndicho nyoro mwaka iri Northern Hemisphere, muna Southern oma inotanga. mwando Total chinosvika 800-1200 mm / gore. moisturizing chinhu - asingasviki 1 (kukwana kunayisa). migove Separate vanotambura chishoma mvura yaunodya (K _uvl pazasi 0,5-0,3).

Chii rwevhu ari mapani achiumbwa ezvinhu akadaro? In yokunaya, zvokudya Ndashambidza kuzviita nemvura munzvimbo dzakaderera horizons. Kana zviri pakaoma mwaka, pane zvevakomana chakajairika - ivhu mhinduro rinobuda.

zvinomera mhando uye mamiriro

Agamuchira mwando, dzinopisa dondo-inowanzorimwa muAfrica mupenyu. Yellow mashava noruvara akaoma pemashanga inotsiviwa neemaradhi mitema. Kura mashizha pamiti uye makwenzi, izvo akadonha mashizha munguva kwemvura, uswa yava rwakatambanudzwa, dzimwe nguva kusvika 3 metres kureba. Ivhu uye kasvisto uye Fauna of savanna pakati Africa achiumbwa pasi pokudzora okunze. The tembiricha zvinhu uye mwando kuvimba nzvimbo nzvimbo.

Pedyo kumucheto rainforest mwaka kuchinaya rinovapo inenge 9 months. Pane aumbwa varefu-savanna; Mapoka pamiti zvakawanda yakawanda. Kune Mimosa nemichindwe, izvo zvinoumba mipata enzizi maberere masango. The dzinonakidza zvikuru mhando floras mapani - the BAOBAB. Tree hunde kazhinji rinosvika mamita 45 kutenderera.

Sezvo kure neequator uye pedyo dzinopisa munguva yokunaya ipfupi, kutanga zvemo savanna. Border ane Semi-mugwenga nharaunda mwando anowana 3 months pagore. Zvinomera, iyo yakaumbwa pasi pakaoma ezvinhu, rinoreva mugwenga mhando savanna. At 50 ° C, zvakasiyana zvishoma kubva kurenje. North African marudzi aya anonzi dzakadaro "Sahel", vanhu South Africa - "mugwenzi".

Chii nevhu vakawanda vari savanna

Tropical dondo ivhu - dzvuku mashava ruvara, iro rinopa yesimbi akakura. Nokuti ichi mhando dzinoratidzwa pasi manyowa kugutsikana - kubva 1.5 3%. The pakati Chikamu Profile rine ivhu nechepasi kuoneka illuvial-calcareous ivhu jengachenga. Yekunwa zvinhu zviri yo East Africa, kuchamhembe chikamu kondinendi Australian, uye dzimwe nzvimbo South America.

Chii ivhu iri savanna aumba kunoenderana mhando humidification. Pamusangano zvakakwana kwenguva refu nguva yakaoma manyowa rinoungana nokuda zvishoma nezvishoma manyowa zvinomera. More vadanana rakaoma nemapani ane Africa, uye steppes South America. Nguva ichinyongovedza panyika zviyo mamiriro aumbwa, kana goko (zvakaoma goko).

mhando ivhu

Vomuyaimbova Audio mapazi Falls akasiyana dzinongoitika kunonaya yakasiyana nguva yakaoma nguva. Terrain zvinhu uye okunze kusiya chiratidzo avo rudzi mapani zvinomera. Nevhu vari inoumbwa kudyidzana pakati zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa zvakaoma. Somuenzaniso, chirimwa anoramba mumasango nyorovera havana nguva kuora, zvokudya Ndashambidza kure rinorema kunaya.

Tichienzanisa tsvuku yellow ferrallitic dondo nevhu pamusoro Equatorial bhandi mu nemapani kuunganidza zvakawanda manyowa. Nemhaka pakaoma nguva zvishoma manyowa kuti chirimwa residues uye manyowa. Zvenguva mhando - red ferralitic substrates shanduka-nyorovera masango. Under zviyo nemapani Anonyanyowanika riri lateritic uye yakatsvukuruka mashava nevhu. Pasi rino mhando akaoma rwokuzvarwa nzvimbo inoumbwa ivhu dema. Sezvatinoswedera pedyo murenje munzvimbo, vari chikatsiviwa yakatsvukuruka mashava nevhu. Bright brownish kana chidhinha-yakatsvuka anova pasi nokuda kuunganidza simbi ions.

The Fauna of savanna

Zvinoshamisa akapfuma uye siyana fauna of inopisa musango. Kune vamiriri fauna of mapoka ose. Madandaude, nezvinyavada, nyoka, nzou, mvuu, zvipembere, dzomusango zvinowanikwa savanna zvokudya, pokugara kubva pakupisa kwezuva, kana mvura. Kwose kwose chirefu zvevhu zvivako juru pasikweya, enlivening munhu sandara pamusoro savanna. Vanogara ivhu madandaude nemakonzo diki iri uswa vanonzwa ruzha - vanomhanyira kunovanda kuseri kwavanaamai nyoka nezvimwe nezvinokambaira. zvikara Large - shumba, Tigers - smartly avanda dzakakwirira uswa, arwise akuvara tisingazvifungiri.

Mhou vanozvinetsa: achibvumira murefu refu uye mutsipa hombe shiri iri nguva kuona ngozi uye kuvanza musoro wake. Vazhinji vagere savanna kutiza zvikara kutizirako. Madaro marefu hoofed herbivorous mhuka: mbizi, mhara, antelopes, Nyati. Twiza akanyatsodengezerwa vanodya mashizha akatunhidzwa pamusoro chirefu kupfuura miti, uye pamusoro pamhenderekedzo madhamu mumatenhere uswa wekushanduka pamusoro clunky behemoths.

Agriculture ari savanna mapazi uye AZHUTHA

nzvimbo huru dzinopisa sango Australia uye South America vari kubatikana kuti kufudza uye kurima donje, chibage, nzungu. In Indian zvokurima, Africa akashandisawo nemapani uye AZHUTHA. Nevhu akatsvuka mashava kana nyoro yakaorera uye zvakakodzera kukurukurwa. Low tsika zvokurima uye kushaya munyika reclamation kwakaita kuti kukura rikukurwe kwendangariro. Sahelian mapazi ose Africa ndiyo nharaunda masango ano kukonzerwa mubatanidzwa dzinongoitika uye anthropogenic zvinhu.

ivhu kuchengetedza matambudziko Savannah

African hunhu Kuchinja pasi pokudzora murume: masango yatemwa, ndatsamwa rakashama savanna. Zvinomera uye mhuka kuona inokanganisa pamusoro anthropogenic zvinhu. Kwakaderedza nhamba pazvikara uye zvavo anotyisidzirwa vakawanda primates. Kutyora vegetative butiro munguva yokurima kana savanna kwemiti kunotungamirira kuti nokukurumidza kudzikisirana ivhu. Livni usapfuura rokumusoro yakaorera rukoko pachena gobvu guru ivhu nesimbi yeimwe. Zvinonzi atadze pasi pokudzora kumusoro mhepo tembiricha. Kwakadaro mananara kuitika munzvimbo ndichibvunza zvokurima uye zvigare. Red mashava nevhu pamusoro savanna vanoda kudzivirirwa uye kudzorerwa pamusoro munzvimbo huru iri kusimukira pakati Africa uye Latin America.