Sangano reUnited States: masangano, maitiro, mabasa

Sangano reUnited States ndiro musangano wepasi pose unotarisira uye unoronga basa reUnited Nations. Inotungamirirwa neMunyori Mukuru.

World bureaucracy

Zvisungo zvitanhatu zvekutanga zveUnited Nations ndiyo General Assembly, The Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, Dare Repamusorosoro reRubatsiro neUnited Nations Secretariat.

Iyo yekupedzisira inobatsira pabasa reUnited Nations kusvika pane zvakakura zvikuru kupfuura zvinoratidzwa muChirongwa chesangano. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti vanyori veChinyorwa ndivo vadzidzisi venguva dzose, kwete vezvematongerwo enyika veMatunhu. Vashandi vanyoreswa vanovakirwa pane zvakakodzera, vakapa chirevo chekugara kwenyika. Vashandi vanofanira kutora mhiko yekuteerera kune UN. Havabvumirwi kuwana mirayiridzo kubva kuhurumende dzavo. Vashandi, chaizvoizvo, ndevashandi vezvepasi rose.

Mabasa eUnited States yeUnited States akasiyana. Vashanduri, vanyori, vadzidzisi, vatungamiri, mameneja epurogiramu, vatauriri vezvekutaura, nezvimwewo.

Musoro

Munyori Mukuru-sarudzo anosarudzwa kwemakore mashanu neGeneral Assembly mukukurukurirana neHarare Council. Kumugumo uyu, anofanirwa kugamuchira kugamuchirwa kwevamwe nhengo dzese dzisingagumi dzeThe Security Council. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanyori vakuru, sekutonga, vanobva kumaduku, vasina kutora nyika. I-SG ndiyo mukuru wevatungamiri pamisangano yeG GA, the Security Council, Trusteeship Council uye Economic and Social Council, iyo inogona kuita chero basa rakapiwa nemitumbi kwaari uye kuvashandi vake. Gore roga roga anonyorera kuGeneral Assembly pamusoro pebasa reUnited Nations uye anokwanisa kuzivikanwa neHarare Security nedzimwe nhau iyo, mumaonero ake, inopisa dambudziko kune rugare uye kuchengeteka kwenyika dzose. HS ndiyo mumiririri mukuru weUUN uye chimiro chaicho uye chekuremekedza chemuviri uyu panheyo yenyika.

Hurumende Yepasi

Maererano nemutemo, Munyori Mukuru uye Sangano reUnited Nations vanoshandisa muzinda weNew York uye kumativi ose enyika. Vanoshumira zvikamu zvakakura zvesangano uye kutarisira mapurogiramu nemitemo yakatemwa nemitumbi iyi.

Nokudaro, mabasa eUnyori hweUnited States akaenzana nemabasa ayo hurumende dzenyika dzenyika dziri kuitwa. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mutumbi uyu unoita mabasa ekuchengetedza rugare, anogadzirisa zvinetso zvevapoteri, anopindirana nharo dzenyika dzakasiyana-siyana, anocherechedza hupfumi nemagariro evanhu, anogadzirira zvidzidzo pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu, kubudirira mune zvehupfumi, kubudirira kunogara uye dzimwe nyaya pakukumbira chero sangano rehurongwa. Sangano reUnited Nations rinozivisa vanhu nezvebasa rayo uye rinobata misangano yepasi pose. Mukuwedzera, anotarisira kushandiswa kweUN directives, inoshandura hurukuro nemagwaro mumitauro yepamutemo ye sangano, nezvimwewo.

UN Secretariat: kuumbwa uye mabasa

Kunyange zvazvo dzimbahwe rayo guru riri muNew York, sangano riripo muVienna, Nairobi neGeneva, uye mamwe masangano akabatanidzwa ari muParis, The Hague neRoma. Chimiro cheUnited States chinonyorwa nematare anotevera nematare anotungamirirwa nevatungamiri uye vatsigiri veNobvumira Mukuru kana vatungamiriri vepamusoro vari pasi peTOS:

• Chancellery yeHS. Inosanganisira eHofisi yeMutauriri, the Partnership Bureau, the Protocol uye Liaison Service, Global Compact Office.
• Office of Internal Oversight Services. Inosanganisira yekuongorora, kuongorora nekuongorora mapatimendi. Iine masimba akawandisa ekutsvaga kukanganisa kunogona uye kushungurudzwa mukati me sangano. Inotarisa uye kuongororesa uchishandisa Integrated Management Information System. Zvisikwa zvehutungamiri zvakagadzirwa nenyika dzakabudirira, zvine hanya kuti zvipo zvavo kuUnited Nations zvinogona kurasikirwa semhaka yekunyengera uye kushungurudzwa.
• Dzematongerwo Dhipatimendi. Anotarisira kushanda kwesangano mumunda wekudzivirira mazano uye kuparadza, kuunganidza uye kuongorora mashoko ekudzivirira GA neHarare Council pamusoro pematambudziko anouya uye inotora mvumo yakabudiswa navo. Inopa rubatsiro pakuita sarudzo munyika dzinokumbira rubatsiro mukusimbisa hurumende.
• Kutarisirwa kwepamutemo. Inokurudzira sangano uye SG pane nyaya dzepamutemo. Semuenzaniso, hofisi yakapa rubatsiro pakuita mabasa akawanda akanangana nematare edzimhosva emarudzi ose eichimbove Yugoslavia neRwanda. Inopa hutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwemitemo panyaya dzine chokuita nomutemo wechibvumirano uye unyanzvi hwezvibvumirano.
• Dhipatimendi Rezvombo. Yakatanga pakutanga muna 1982 uye yakaramba ichishanda kusvikira muna 1992. MunaJanuary 1998 yakavakwa zvakare. Inokurudzira zvinangwa zvekudzivirira uye kusagadzikana kwemakemikari, atomuki uye zvombo zvezvisikwa. Inokurudzira kuedza kuderedza zvombo zvekare, kusanganisira migodi uye zvombo zviduku. Iine mapazi mashanu.
• Dhipatimendi rekuchengetedza Rugare. Dhipatimendi iri rinotarisa mabasa eUUN ekuchengetedza rugare pasi pose. Kubva pakuguma kweCold War, kukosha uye kuoma kwemabasa zvakakura zvishoma nezvishoma. Muna 1995, apo vashandi veUnited States vakatumirwa munyika yekare yeYugoslavia, dhipatimendi racho raive nevarume makumi manomwe nevarwi vehurumende uye vehurumende, uye bhajeti rayo gore negore rakasvika $ 3 bhiriyoni.
• Hofisi yeKurongeka kweZvinobatsira. Inobata nekutarirwa rubatsiro rwebatsiro kuvanhu vanotambura njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga nedzimwe njodzi. Ihofisi yakasimbiswa kuti ipe nekutsvaga zvido zvekutsvaga, kuongororwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu pasi, uye kutaurirana kuwanika kune nzvimbo dzinokurumidza. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekubatana kwemasangano, iyo inobvumira masangano ese eUU kubatana pamwe chete kukumbira rubatsiro rwebatsiri uye kunyatsoona zvipo zvehurumende dzinopa, hurumende dzeUnited Nations nemasangano asina ehurumende.

• Hofisi Nezvinodhaka uye Mhosva. Iko kuVienna. Zvinangwa zvaro ndezvekuti: kurwisana kwenyika dzakaipa, kuvhomhanisa, mabhanhire, kutengesa zvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera, uori uye hugandanga, kudzivirira kwehutachiona, mutemo, kuongorora mafambiro, kutsvakurudza uye kutsigirwa kwemitemo.
• Dhipatimendi rezveMari uye Social Social. Inokurudzira kufambira mberi kwakasimba pamusana pekutaura kwakasiyana-siyana kwemagariro evanhu, zvakatipoteredza, zvehupfumi, huwandu hwevanhu uye hutano hwehutano hwekusimudzirwa.
• Dhipatimendi reZvinhu Zvokuchengetedzwa Kwekuchengetedza uye Nhepfenyuro. Inoumbwa nematare matatu uye rimwe basa. Inopa hutungamiri hwemagungano ehurumende uye zvinyorwa zvemashoko, inobatanidza misangano yemasangano munyika yose. Inopa tsanangudzo dzemitauro kumitauro mitanhatu yepamutemo yeUnited Nations uye pakati pavo. Inogadzira zvinyorwa zvemisangano yeG GA, the Security Council nedzimwe mitumbi, uye inogadzirira uye inonyora magwaro nemamwe mabhuku. Kutarisira kushandurwa kwemagwaro ose ehurumende yeUnited States, inoshuma pamisangano uye tsamba. Inopa tsanangudzo yevanyori, vashanduri, vashanduri nevanyori.
• Dhipatimendi reNyika. Inoita zvinyorwa zvitsva, mabhuku, redhiyo nemavhidhiyo mapurogiramu anokurudzira basa re sangano. Yakagadzirisa kuiswa kwe-e-mail system iyo inobatanidza hurumende yekuchengetedza rugare, mahofisi ehurumende uye UNDP.
• Department of Management. Ari kuronga kugadzirisa bhajeti, mapurogiramu, mabhuku, kutenga, archives, vanhu, kutaurirana, nezvimwewo.
• Bureau of Ethics. Inoita kuti hurumende ishande nekushanda zvakajeka nevashandi vemabasa avo mumamiriro ekuviga, kusasarura, unyanzvi uye kuzvimirira. Ihofisi inobatsira vashandi kudzivisa kusawirirana kwekufarira uye kudzivirira hupenyu hwavo hwepachivande kusavhiringidza kushanda kwemabasa avo ehurumende.
• Office of the Ombudsman. Inokurudzira kuchinja kwekukakavadzana mukugadzirisa matanho kuburikidza nekudzidzira, kupindirana kwepamberi, kupindirana, nezvimwewo.
• Office of the High Representative kune nyika dzisiri pasi. Nzira dzinokosha dzebasa rayo ndezvekubatsira kweTOS mukugadzirisa kushanda kwakakwana nekubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zvose zveUnited system yekushandiswa kwePurogiramu Yezvekuita kunyika dzisina kusimbidzika, dzimba uye zvitsuwa zviduku, kusimbisa rubatsiro rwepasi pose uye zvigadziro, kubata mazano eboka uye kupa kudzivirirwa kwepamutemo.

Division Procurement Division

Mabasa ehupfumi eUnited Nations anoshandiswa kuburikidza neChipatimendi cheMitengo, iyo inotenga zvinhu uye mabasa kumakurukota eAmerica, mahofisi emunharaunda, mamishinari ekuchengetedza runyararo, mahofisi ehurumende, mahofisi chaiwo, nezvimwewo. Pakati pekutenga kukuru - kutakura kwemhepo, motokari, makombiyuta, zvinhu, Zvinhu uye zvinhu. UNICEF, WHO neUnited Nations Development Programri vari kutengesa zvinhu zvavanoda ivo pachavo.

Kunyorwa kwechibvumirano muNational Secretariat

Basa reTOS pazvibvumirano zvinoshandiswa, kusanganisira kugadzirirwa kwezvirongwa uye zvidzidzo, rubatsiro panyaya dzepamutemo uye mutsika wepakati pebvumirano uye iyo inoshandiswa, inourawa neChipatano Chikamu cheHofisi yeMutemo. Kunyoresa, kuongorora, kurekodhwa, kuparidzirwa nekunyorwa kwemasangano epasi rose muUnyori hweUnited Nations hunoitwa ipapo. Mukuwedzera, United Nations Treaty Collection inogadziriswa uye inovandudzwa paIndaneti. Kunyoresa muChinyorwa cheUnited States kunoitwa maererano neChitsauko 102 cheGwaro uye Gwaro Riri. Nyanzvi dzinobatsira kutora zvikamu zvekupedzisira uye kuongorora pamusoro pavo, kugadzirira zvinyorwa uye kugadzira makopi avo anozivikanwa, kuronga misinari uye mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa pamutemo uye maitiro emitemo yenyika dzakawanda, nezvimwewo.

Vashandi

Sangano reUnited Nations rine vashandi vanenge zviuru makumi mana. Imwe nhamba yakakura inoshanda munzvimbo dzakabatana (dzakadai se WHO, World Bank, nezvimwewo). Ava ndivo vashandi vehurumende vepasi rose vasingagoni kuverengwa kune dzimwe nyika. Vashandi veUnited General Secretariat vanopika kuti havazogamuchiri kana kukumbira mirairo yehu hupi hurumende kana imwe sangano. Maererano neChiratendi, nhengo dzeMatunhu dzinofanira kuremekedza zvakasiyana-siyana zvenyika yose uye mabasa evashandi uye kwete kuedza kuita kuti mabasa avo asakanganise.

Ichokwadi, pane dzimwe nguva apo mabasa eUnyori hweUnited States akava chinhu chinokonzera nekutsoropodzwa kubva hurumende dzematunhu enyika. Mumazuva akatevera kuzarurirwa kweMutungamiri weUnited States Dwight Eisenhower pakureba kweCold War, Munyori Mukuru Jenerali Trygve Lee, pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kuWashington, akabvumira Federal Bureau yeInvestigation kuminwe yevashandi vose veAmerica. Iyi tsika yakaenderera mberi kusvika munaNovember 1953, apo Dag Hammarskjöld itsva akaraira kuti FBI iimise. Asi hurumende yeAmerica, mukuedza kuziva vanyaradzi kune vaKomonisiti, yakasikwa neHoytty Council yevashandi vemasangano epasi rose, avo basa ravo raiva rokuwana ruzivo pamusoro pevashandi vose veAmerica veUnited Nations. Pakati pavo paiva nemukudzwa zvikuru Ralph Bunch. Munguva yeHammarskjöld nguva, Soviet Union yakarangarira UN Secretariat iyo, pasi pekutungamirirwa kweHS, yakanga iri kurutivi rweWest. Nokudaro, Moscow yakamanikidza UN, ichikumbira kubvumidzwa kwezvakadanwa. Iro "Troika" basa, maererano nevatungamiriri vatatu veChinyorwa vaifanira kunge vari, imwe kubva kumavirazuva, kumaEast uye nyika yechitatu.

Zvinetso nekubhadhara mari

Munguva ye1980 ne1990, pakanga pane mhosva dzakakomba dzeChinyorwa mukutapudza vashandi uye kuparadza. Boutros Boutros-Ghali akaedza kubudirira kutsvaga vatsoropodzi, kunyanya US, kusvibisa bhajeti uye kuzivisa kuchinja. Mutungamiri wake, Kofi Annan, muna 1997 akatanga shanduro dzake dzakawanda dzekugadzirisa hurumende yeUnited Nations kuburikidza nokubatanidza nekuunganidzazve masangano makumi maviri nemaviri mumapato mashanu, nekugadzwa kwemahofisi eSeki Munyori Mukuru. Pakazopera kwegore ra 1997 GA yakagamuchira purogiramu yekutanga yekushandurwa kwakarongwa, kuchengetwa kwaive kune $ 123 mamiriyoni. Imwe yemigumisiro yeiyi ndeyokuti US Congress yakabvumira kugoverwa kwe $ 819 mamiriyoni kubhadhara chikamu chechikwereti chayo kune UN, iyo yakasvika kusvika $ 1 billion, uye yakaderedza kushungurudzwa kweUnited Nations.

Unhu hwevashandi

Nguva pfupi mushure mokunge vatora hofisi muna 2007, yeBusitini GS Ban Ki-mwedzi yakatanga kugadzirisa hurumende uye yakagadza zvitsva zvevatungamiri vepamusoro nepamapapiro ehurongwa. Basa rekuchengetedza basa rakaparadzwa, zvinokurudzirwa zvakasikwa nekuda kwekukwikwidza kusarudza nzira. Akaisa maitiro ekugadzirisa kwegore negore uye mahofisi ehofisi, akazarura nzvimbo pahofisi yeUnited States kuNew York kuvashandi kunze kweUnited States, vakamanikidzwa vakuru vakuru kuti vaudze zvinyorwa zvavo zvezvemari uye vakagumisa kugadziriswa kwemabasa kune vashandi vane mutoro pamagumo eupenyu hwavo hwehupenyu. Ban Ki-moon shanduko dzakatsoropodzwa nemasangano akawanda enyika dzinhengo, akajaira tsika dzisiri dzisina kunyorwa. Mune misangano yega, Pan inosangana nevamiriri vematunhu aya kuvatsigira kuti kukurukurirana kukuru kuchaitwa mushure mekuiswa kwekuvandudzwa. Zvipikirwa zvake zvakanyaradza kunyanya kwekutya, asi kutsoropodza kwakaratidza kuoma kwekuita shanduko huru yekushanda muChinyorwa.

Kuchinja kunoedza

Apo Munyori-Jenerali akabudisa kusarudzwa kwevatungamiri vakuru, akatora mukana wokurudzira kuchinja kwezvikamu zvakasiyana, zvichireva kuti Dhipatimendi rekuchengetedza Rugare kugoverwa kuva zvikamu zviviri, rimwe chete rekushanda uye rimwe rekusimbisa masango, uyewo kuchinja nzvimbo yeMutungamiriri weHhovisi yeHurumende yeDzimba Mutevedzeri kumubatsiri kumubatsiri, chaizvoizvo, kuideredza muhurumende yeUnited States. Vachitarisana nekupikiswa kubva kumativi maviri, Ban Ki-moon vakakumbira matare kuti aongorore zvirevo vasati vaendeswa kune General Assembly.