Supreme Administrative Commission, Loris-Melikov. Zvinoumba uye gore zvisikwa

Creation Supreme Administrative Commission aiva chiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo enyika yeRussia. kuvapo muviri ichi chokwadi anoratidza yokuedza vanhu Tsarist hurumende mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 kutsungirira kuruzhinji mwoyo, nemhaka iyo yakanga netarisiro kupindirana STRUCTURAL zvinhu.

Imhandoi basa

Muna 1880 hondo tsarist hurumende yakanga pokugadzwa Supreme Administrative Commission. Gore rino aizivikanwa chinoshingaira hondo kuzorwa autocratic kutonga echimurenga kufamba. Pakati dzekare zvinonzi vaidavira kuti chikonzero pokugadzwa Commission aiva kuputika, wakarongwa Vanopikisa tsarist February 5 panguva Winter Palace.

Man, zvakananga pasi iro raiva Supreme Administrative Commission - Loris-Melikov Mikhail Tarielovich. Murwiyo muviri kwaisanganisirawo K. P. Pobedonostsev, A. K. Imeretinsky, M. S. Kahanov nemamwe vakakurumbira voruzhinji. Creation Supreme Administrative Commission, maererano vamwe vanyori venhau, raiwanzobatana kudikanwa streamline mabasa ose Vezvemitemo iri guru Russian Empire mukutarisana inosimuka echimurenga pfungwa.

basa

Supreme Administrative Commission akasikirwa nokubatanidza basa siyana ehurumende Vezvemitemo (kusanganisira matare). The chikuru chinangwa komisheni basa rakanga richikura kushorwa basa kuipandukira. The mabasa nezvakaonekwa sangano, ndiko mhanyisa kuferefeta nezvokukanganisa yevaifungidzirwa vari kupara mhosva mamiriro achitaura nyaya chirango muchimiro Links, basa iri Mapurisa anotarisira.

Zvisinei, pakati dzekare, pane shanduro Loris-Melikov akapindira vachishingaira mubasa akawanda ehurumende mutemo, kwakaita kuti atsigire mambo boka racho. Uye kubva pakagadzwa Supreme Administrative Commission aigona kuongororwa sezvo kungoitawo - sarudzo dzinokosha dzakaitwa, nzira imwe kana mumwe, pasi tsarist mutsetse. Uye nekuti, maererano dzekare, hazvishamisi chaiva chokwadi kuti kugadzwa Supreme Administrative Commission runako nokukurumidza zvakaita kwayo abolition. Loris-Melikov yaisangana neShumiro Affairs Internal.

MARARAMIRO chitarisiko

In yakakurumbira historiographical zvinyorwa vanoti shanduro yokuti zvokuchinja rinoitwa tsarist hurumende pamakore 60-70 remakore rechi19, akanga zviratidzo kusawirirana pasinei nokuti vakatakura wandei mberi zviratidzo: kukura capitalist okunze uye rinotevera ikure upfumi, achisimbisa munyika chinzvimbo dzakawanda nhandare.

Supreme Administrative Commission, vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti, akaita yakabuda somunhu kufarira tsarist hurumende kuti dambudziko nezvemaitiro zvematongerwe - akatanga kuonekwa masangano vachitsvaka kugadzirisa zvinetso zviri pokutonga nyika kubudikidza echimurenga nzira. Mukuwedzera, chinokosha chikamu Russian vanhu vakanga vakaratidza enyika chinzvimbo, uye paiva nengozi kuti sero kukuru vachawana tsitsi pamberi vagari.

Unhu Loris-Melikov

Tarielovich Mikhail Loris-Melikov akaberekwa muna 1824 muna Tiflis. Mhuri yake ane Armenian midzi. Akadzidza ari Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages. Zvadaro - muzvikoro uto St. Petersburg. Muna 1843-47 akashanda ari Hussars muna Grodno. Makore Ipapo mashomanana ari kurwira kuCaucasus, pashure kutora chikamu mune Crimean War kwaizotevera zvikuru nemauto kunetsana pakati Russia uye Turkey. Mushure runyararo chibvumirano pakati Masimba akagadzwa zvokungoitawo gavhuna mukuru Astrakhan, Saratov uye Samara, nokubudirira andaita dambudziko rokurwisa zvirwere ngozi munzvimbo. Akashanda sezvo naGavhuna-General muna Kharkiv, apo akatora chikamu ari kuchinja zvinhu ehurumende midziyo. Kamwe rinotungamirirwa itsva sangano hurumende inonzi Supreme Administrative Commission (1880).

Loris-Melikov, mamiriro ezvinhu munyika

In netsamba dzake pamusoro ezvinhu pasi iyo raishanda Supreme Administrative Commission, Loris-Melikov akasimbisa kuti chokutanga kwaiva vimbisa vagari. Uye chete ipapo kuita zvinhu. Worker akanyora kuti Russian chevaux aiva pasi kumanikidzwa kubva kumativi akasiyana-siyana. Chekutanga, pamwe vatorwa nomutemo Arena - masimba makuru kumanikidzwa mambo kushandura pamwe hweTurkey akasaina San Stefano runyararo chibvumirano pamusoro mazwi zvisingafadzi. Russia. Chechipiri, kuRussia intelligentsia akabvunza kutevedzana kwezviitiko kuchinja: ari abolition pakati serfdom muna 1861, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kuchinja chokusunungura vanhuwo zvavo kuti zvinhu zvitsva hwenyika. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti haana ikadzikama kuchinja mberi pachena pfungwa, anodavira kuti kuchinja zvinhu 1861 haana Inoenderana Russian chokwadi.

Draft Constitution pamusoro Loris-Melikov

Muna January 1881 Loris-Melikov aronga Emperor Alexander II kuti gwaro rine mirayiridzo inokosha Hurumende zvinhu, izvo, iri pfungwa mutungamiri, vaiva zvakakwana magariro uye enyika ezvinhu. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika anonzi gwaro iri "Constitution pamusoro Loris-Melikov." Raiva panyaya kuumba ndarayirwa achigadzirira mitemo chokuita dzemari, utariri kumatunhu uye paumbwe zakonosoveschatelnogo basa. Murwiyo kwemiviri izvi vanofanira kupinda wevatariri kusarudzwa muna amachinda Zemstvos matunhu neminisiparati yevakuru.

Chinangwa chikuru chemusha zvinhu kwaiva kusika nesangano dzakakurumbira amiririrwe, mumwe kumumvuri of Parliament. Mambo haana kuyeuka pfungwa. Asi pazuva apo Alexander II akasaina ubate nyaya kuhurumende panyaya zvinhu, magandanga "Narodnaya Volya" akaita yokuedza pamusoro pamambo. The Emperor haaizorarama.

Populists

Huru mamiriro, izvo, maererano dzakawanda dzekare, rinomiririra mukuru kutyisidzira tsarist hurumende yakanga "Narodnaya Volya". Sangano iri raiva clandestine yakarongeka, asi pamwe kwebasa rinofanira migero inowanikwa enyika kwendangariro. In yayo programmatic zvinzvimbo zvaisanganisira kupambwa simba nokuda echimurenga yemuna uye haizopereri kunhaka ose nevanhu zvinhu. "Narodnaya Volya" aidavira kuti kurwisa - inonyatsobudirira nzira tidzivise hurumende.

In February 1880 ivo akaronga kuputika muna Winter Palace, izvo zvakazoita kuti kudiwa kuumba urongwa yakadai, sezvo Supreme Administrative Commission. Gore pakusikwa muviri, maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, akanga dzinoratidzwa zvepamusoro munzanga makakatanwa Russia.

History inonzi vatevedzere zviri murayiro kuRussia

Pasinei chokwadi kuti nguva yakanga pokugadzwa Supreme Administrative Commission - gore kushingaira kunyanya radicals, izvo haana, maererano zhinji dzekare, sezviri kuratidzwa yapfuura shoma emakore, nomuviri wakadaro akanga munhoroondo prototypes. Zvikurukuru pakati rechi17, mambo akasikwa vanonzi Order hwakavanzwa nhau, zvakagadzirirwa kuongorora chokupika kiyi ehurumende masangano uye mufambiro kuferefeta chokuita basa enyika. Rakavakwa panguva Peter Chitarisiko kurongeka. Chiremera chine basa kuongorora neizvi nokutuka Emperor unhu, munhu okupandukira basa, kusazvibata muna Guard. Mukutanga rechi18 zvakatanga muviri mutsva - the Office kuferefeta nyaya, uye mashoma emakore - Secret rwendo chakagadzirirwa kuongorora zvakaitika nokukuvadzwa runyararo. In Zvakazoitwa emakore, dzomunyika zvinoitwa pakati Empire akava mazita akasiyana. Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, apo munyika panodikanwa kuti vadzivirire okunyanyisa mapoka, rakasvika Supreme Administrative Commission.

Nhoroondo nhaka pakati Commission

Pakati dzekare, pane shanduro kuti Supreme Administrative Commission aiva muviri kuti aiva zvakananga simba pamusoro paumbwe Soviet uye gare gare yazvino hurongwa ehurumende masangano mutemo uye kuti. Mune dzimwe historiographical Data ndiyo mashoko rakatanga muna 1917, pakaunda-echimurenga nhengo nehurumende yeSoviet muna mabasa ayo akanga chaizvo akafanana Supreme Administrative Commission. Ipapo NKVD akasikwa, paiva zvivako dzakadai Bazi Affairs Internal uye KGB.

Muna 1991, zviremera dzakatangwa, vemunyika zvivako mubasa Soviet of RSFSR. Pashure pokuwa USSR pakanga yokuRussia Interior hwoUmambo uye FSB. Saka, zvine musoro kutaura kuti zvikuru nhoroondo basa nomuviri yakadai Supreme Administrative Commission: 1917-fung - Revolutionary - gore yaiva nguva yokuedzwa mamiriro imwe ichidaro kuti tidzivise mafungiro kunyunyuta, asi nemhaka chiitiko ichi vakakura Soviet uye gare gare yazvino mamiriro miviri kwemitemo.

Evaluation Vanyori

Pakati masayendisiti Russian vane nyanzvi kuti vaongorore nhoroondo basa Supreme Administrative Commission iri akapoteredza panguva enyika kwendangariro. Zvikurukuru pane shanduro simba namambo uye mutongo vepamusoro kuRussia nhasi anobvumira zvakafanana zvikanganiso. Somuenzaniso, kwaita masangano kwemagandanga vanotenda Vanotsigira pfungwa iyi, uye nhasi, uye ipapo zvakanga nokuda kwesimba pakati elites, kushaya kwavo chido aite zvakakodzera kuchinja, uye achishandisa rugare. Kana uchida chimwe chinhu uye kukurira ugandanga, nyanzvi dzinoti, kusimbisa kuitwa pamusoro Pfungwa chinokonzera kuchinja zvinodiwa zvoupfumi, umo hakungavi munharaunda, kupikiswa uye masero okupandukira vane simba rokuchinja vanhu kuti une Somuenzaniso, yakatsiga uye mukuru basa rinobhadhara.

Zvinokosha zvinosimbisa dzekare, yepamusoro basa rinokosha mabasa kwete chete mu "njodzi" nzira - kana magandanga kusashanda uye akaramba. Munzvimbo idzi, nyanzvi dzinofunga kunge zvisirizvo Hurumende tsarist Russia, uye vanopedza zvakakwana basa yakarurama ehurumende miviri Russian Federation yacho.