Sangano rekubatana ndiro ... Joint mutoro: Civil Civil yeRussia Federation. Ndezvipi zvakabatanidzwa uye zvinokwanisika?

The Civil Code inopesana nepfungwa ye "mutoro" mumarudzi akawanda. Kunyanya, munyaya ino tichakutaurira izvo zvakabatanidzwa uye zvakasiyana-siyana uye iyo inogona kuuya. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti imwe nyanzvi yezvemari mukupedzisa kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana inomuka kwete kubva kune vane chikwereti, asiwo kubva kune vane chikwereti. Zvisinei, kubatana kwakabatana kunobva kune vagari venyika kana masangano epamutemo kwete nguva dzose, asi kana bedzi nyaya yechipupuriro isingagoni kugoverwa, kana vanhu vakawanda vachikuvadzwa uye mune zvimwe zviitiko.

Pfungwa yekuwirirana

Sezvakaratidzwa, rudzi urwu rwemhosva runouya chete mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Iro mutoro unobatanidzwa unogona kungoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu anofungidzirwa ne Civil Civil yeRussian Federation, mamwe maitiro e normative kana zvakananga nechibvumirano. Iyo mitemo inotsanangura kuti kana vakweretesa vakawanda kana vane chikwereti vane chikwereti chine chokuita nebhizimisi, saka vanofanira kugoverana basa. Izvi zvinonyanya kubhadharwa nekuti muukama hwebhizimisi kune nguva dzose kuwedzerwa ngozi.

Mitemo yepamutemo

Nhamba yehurumende uye mamwe mimwe mitemo inonyatsotaura kana basa rekubatana rinogona kuitika. Semuenzaniso, kana akadaro ari mutariri wekusarudza mutengesi, maererano nesangano rekutengesa, ipapo mushandi wacho anogona kukwira zvikwereti zvinokonzerwa nechibvumirano chekutenga-kutengesa, kune mutengesi weimba yacho, uyewo kune vaduku. Izvo zvinoshanda kune mutengi wezvinhu, kana chinhu chakatenga chiri chemamiriro akanaka kana asina kukwana. Saka, mutengi anopiwa kodzero yekusarudza kuisa kuda kumutengesi kana zvakananga kumugadziri. Mutemo unopa humwe hutano kune avo vadzidzisi vemamwe marudzi ehurumende. Nokudaro, vatori vechikamu mubasa rekushandira pamwe chete vanofanirwa kupindura mukubatana kune zvese zvinotarisirwa zvesangano rakasimbiswa. The Civil Code inopawo imwe nyaya apo vamwe vanhu vachabvumirana pamwe chete-zvichikonzera kukuvadza kune zvimwe zvikamu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kuitira kuti mutoro unobatanidza kubuda, vanhu havafaniri kusungwa nehukama hwehutano. Zvakakwana kuti ivo vakaita mhirizhonga imwe chete.

Contractual obligations

Sezvatave tatsanangura, basa rekubatana ndiro mitoro inomuka panguva imwe chete kune vanhu vanoverengeka mumusangano wemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, kukanganiswa kwakadaro kunogona kubuda nekuda kwekuti kwete chete mutemo, asiwo chibvumirano. Kana chibvumirano chikagadza murairo wekuti vateresi vanowanzotarisirwa kune chikwereti, ipapo anogona kuda kubhadhara chikwereti kubva kune vose vane chikwereti, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo zvakasiyana. Munhu akadaro ane masimba ose okumanikidzira mumwe wavo kubhadhara chikamu chemari kana zvikwereti zvakakwana. Mutemo unotarisawo kuti kana mumwe wevari chikwereti asina kubhadhara zvikwereti chikwereti, ipapo uyo ane chikwereti ane kodzero yekutsvaka mari inoshayikwa kubva kune vamwe vatori vechikamu mune mutengesi. Vanokweretesa zvakasimba vachave vane mhosva kusvikira panguva iyo apo ivo vanozadzisa zvikwereti zvavo pasi pechibvumirano.

Creditor Rights

Solidarity inzira inonyanya kukosha yekuchengetedzwa kwekodzero yemunhu ane chikwereti. Kana munhu ane chikwereti akabatana nechisungo, saka haafaniri kupikisa zvinotaurwa nemunhu ane chikwereti. Kana mumwe wevari chikwereti achizadza zvizere zvikwereti, vamwe vanhu avo pamwe chete naye vanotakura mutoro pamwe chete vanoregererwa kubva pamabasa akadaro mukuda kune chikwereti.

Kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu asina kutaurwa musimboti, munhu ane chikwereti akaita basa rekubatana anogona kupa rondedzero (yakatarisana) kudai kune vamwe vane chikwereti pamusoro pekubhadhara mari yake yekubhadhara chikwereti (pamwe nekuderedzwa kwechikamu chinowira kwaari). Mushure mekubhadhara chikwereti, muteresi anova chikwereti kune vamwe vadzidzisi. Kana vasingabvumirani kuvhara mari iyi nokuzvidira, ipapo munhu akadaro anogona kushanda kudare.

Ropafadzo uye zvivimbiso kune mapato

Muenzaniso wehukama hwepamutemo hwakadaro hunobatsira kune akakweretesa, sezvo hunogamuchira humwe huzhinji hunovimbisa kuti basa racho richazadzikiswa. Mhosva imwechete mumutemo wehurumende yakapiwa kuti kuderedze njodzi yekurasikirwa kune chikwereti. Mushure mezvose, kana mumwe wevari kukwereta asingabhadhari chikwereti, ipapo pane hutano hwakanyanya hwokuti imwe iyo iyo, iyo inobatanidza uye yakasununguka inokodzera, inogona kuvhara zvakakwana kana zvishoma chikamu kurasikirwa kwomunhu ane chikwereti. Panguva imwe chete, inofanira kuonekwa kuti imwe mamiriro ezvinhu inogoneka. Mutemo wehurumende unopa kuti pangava nehukama hwepamutemo, apo mapato ekonesheni achava ane chikwereti uye vazhinji vanokwereta.

Mutoro nemamiriro ezvinhu

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mutoro wekodzero yemukwereti inogona kubva kune munhu asiri mutambo wechibvumirano. Zvisinei, kuva mubhadharo wezvisungo zveumwe munhu zvinogoneka chete mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, kana bhizinesi rave richigadzirisa zvakare uye kana kupatsanurwa kwebasa risina kubvumira kuti assijae isimbiswe, ipapo kambani inobatsira inogona kuve nemhosva yezvikwereti zvekambani yakashandurwa (kana iine mutoro pamwe chete nesangano repamutemo rezvekutengeserana kose).

Subsidiary uye akabatanidzwa uye mimwe mitoro: zvakasiyana

Mukuwedzera kune akabatanidzwa, mutemo unotsanangura imwe rudzi rwemhosva - rubatsiro. Kusiyana kukuru pakati pezvirevo zviviri izvi ndezvokuti kusungirwa kwebasa kunogona kungoitika chete kana mutero mukuru asingagoni kuzadzisa zvaanosungirwa pachake. Mune mamwe mazwi, chikwereti chinoshandiswa chinonzi "reserve player", chimwe chivimbo chekuti basa racho richaramba richizadzikiswa. Uyo ane chikwereti haagoni kutora pakarepo chikwereti chinowedzera kubhadhara chikwereti. Anogona kutaura kudaro kana mushure mekuti "mukuru" akakwereta haagari kuita zvaanosungirwa. Kana uyo ane chikwereti achida kubhadhara chikwereti kubva kune imwe chikwereti chemari, munhu akadaro anofanira kuzivisa mutero mukuru pamusoro peizvi. Kana munhu ane chikwereti akatongerwa, ipapo mukuru wechikwereti anofanira kutora chikamu mumutemo wepamutemo.

Mhinduro

Takatambisa matambudziko ose kana tikabatanidzwa uye pane mimwe mitoro inogona kuuya. The Civil Code yeRussian Federation panzvimbo yakakwirira inodzora ukama huripo pakati pevadyary debtors (creditors). Kusungirwa pamwe chete kunogona kusimuka kuburikidza nehutano hwechibvumirano, mutemo kana kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nevanhu vanoverengeka. Kana mumwe wevadzidzisi vake achizadzikisa zvinotarisirwa kumunhu ane chikwereti (iye akabatwa) zvakakwana, ane simba rokubhadhara mubhadharo kubva kune imwe mari yose (kwete kusanganisira mugove wake). Panguva imwecheteyo, munhu ane chikwereti iye ane kodzero yekusarudza kuti ndiani angaita zvaanoda: kuvanhu vose vanotarisirwa pasi pebvumirano kana kune mumwe munhu.

Solidarity ndiyo nzira yakagadzirirwa kuderedza ngozi dzekweretesa. Zvisinei, mutoro wakadaro haugone kuitika nguva dzose, asi bedzi munyaya yekusaoneka kwechikonzero chebasa racho kana kuti vanhu vanoverengeka panguva imwechete vachakuvadza.