International Maritime Law

Mutemo wepasi rose wezvokudya mararamiro ndiwo marongerwo emimwe mitemo, pamwe chete nemitemo yakajeka iyo inodzora ukama hwema nyika mukushandiswa kwemvura. Kubvira kare, nharaunda iyi yakashandira vanhu pamabasa akasiyana-siyana. Vanhu vanobvumirana nekufamba, kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kutsvakurudza kwesayenzi, nezvimwewo. Mazuva ano, zvinyorwa uye masangano epasi rose vari kupindawo muhukama hwakasiyana-siyana mumwe nomumwe mune zvakaitika pamabasa avo anoitwa mumvura. Idzi hukama hwehukama huri kutonga mutemo wenyika yose, iyo inotevedza mitemo yepamutemo.

Maererano nezvakataurwa nezvemabasa anoitwa mumvura, zvinyorwa zvinotungamirirwa hazvina kupararira mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehukama hwepakati. Izvi ndezvi:

- Rusununguko mumvura yakakwirira yekutumira;

- kodzero yekutenderera kusina kugadziriswa kwekutakura kwegungwa pamusoro pemiganhu yemasangano emamwe marudzi;

- kodzero yekutama nerunyararo kuburikidza nematambudziko, ayo anoshandiswa nokuda kwekutenderera kwenyika, nekudaro.

Mutemo wepasi rose wekudzivirira marita ndiwo chikamu chinokosha chekubatanidza kwehutano hwematongerwo enyika. Mvura yemvura yepasi redu inosanganiswa ku:

- madzimambo enyika mukati memuganhu wehurumende;

- nzvimbo dzisiri dzenyika munyika.

Zvichienderana nevevowo vari boka rimwe chete, nzvimbo yepamutemo yemvura yakasiyana yakasiyana. Makungwa nemakungwa, izvo zvinonzi inharaunda yenharaunda yegungwa, vane chimiro chepamutemo chekufanana. Zvisinei, mitemo yepamutemo yemiganhu, nzvimbo yezvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza uye yepamhenderekedzo yemvura yakasiyana yakasiyana pane imwe neimwe. Rudzi rwakasiyana rwemukana ndiyo matambudziko, anoshandiswa nematare ehurumende dzakasiyana-siyana.

Sources yemitemo yenyika yose ndiyo magungano pamusoro pekuchengetedzeka kwemaodzanyemba nekufambisa, kuchengetedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemvura uye nzvimbo yegungwa. Nzira yemimwe mitemo nemitemo ine chokuita nekushandiswa kwenzvimbo isina kwaakarerekera, inotsigira rusununguko:

- flights;

- kutumira;

- kuiswa kwemataipi emapombi;

- hove;

- tsvakurudzo yemasayenzi.

Mutemo wepasi rose wekudzivirira marita unogadzira kunze kwemvura nzvimbo iyo kugadziriswa kwematare ehurumende yenyika iyo mureza wayo unogadzirwa pamiti yavo. Masoja kana mapurisa, pamwe chete nemhenderekedzo yemiganhu yemamwe nyika, hauna kodzero yekushandisa chero rusununguko rwekuita basa kwavari. Iyi nheyo inogona kukanganisirwa chete mumatambudziko mashomanana, chinangwa chacho ndechekuchengetedza kuchengeteka kwekufamba. Nokudaro, midziyo yehondo ine kodzero yekubata zvikepe zvepirate uye kusunga vanhu vari mubhokisi. Nokudaro, Dare Repamusoro reMutemo weGungwa rinosangana nekugadziriswa kwemhosva dzekubata kana kuvharirwa, chisimba kana mamwe mabasa ehurumende kuti vasungwa vakavharirwa kuti vawane pfuma yavo. Zvisinei, kana chiitiko kana ngarava kana ndege iri kusungwa zvisina musoro, mari yekubhadhara yakaitwa nokuda kwekukuvara kana kurasikirwa. Nheyo iyo inofanira kushandiswa kune kodzero dzekutambudzwa.

Mutemo wenyika yose unobvumira chero hurumende kubata chikepe pamakungwa makuru. Mabasa akadaro anofanira kuitwa kana chikepe chekunze chakanga chiri mutengesi wepamutemo panguva yekuvapo mukati memiganhu yenyika.

Sangano reUnited States rinosimbisa kuti nzvimbo iri kunze kwemvura, pamwe chete nechepasi payo, yakachengeterwa zvinangwa zvine rugare. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nyika dzinorambidzwa kuratidza hutsinye, hutsinye, uye hutsinye hunopikisana nedzimwe nyika munzvimbo idzi.