Russian nyanduri Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev: pfupi Biography, okugadzira zvinhu uye nyaya youpenyu

The rezvemitemo, munhu akakurumbira yokutungamirira uye nyanduri kukuru akaberekwa muna Simbirsk, mune yagara mhuri. zita rake rainzi Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. Brief Biography inotiudza munhu panzvimbo inorema mangwanani upenyu uye basa. Mamiriro vabereki vake vakanga rokurwadzisa Pugachovskim kumukira, saka dzimwe gumi, Ivan akava vanhuwo Semenov hondo.

udiki

Mukomana akakurira mumusha pedyo Syzran, zvishoma akadzidza mu Kazan uye Simbirsk, kwaaigara muzvikoro chebhodhingi, asi mwanakomana mhuri haisi kudhonzwa kudzidzisa, uye Ivan akadzokera kumusha, apo kuti apedzise dzidzo yavo pachavo. Somuenzaniso, iye pakugona mutauro French, kungoverenga nokushandura ose nyaya yaiva mubereki muraibhurari. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, pfupi Biography risingagoni yamura zvose nyanduri mudiki akupe, waiva chinangwa chaizvo.

Zvikurukuru, aifarira ngano pamusoro La Fontaine, zvaakanga rinoshandurwa kwete chete descenders asiwo zvakagadzirirwa unyanzvi, pamwe nekudetemberwa. Saka Ugare ngano ake, akaedza anyore navo amene. Muna 1774, Ivan aida kushanda Semenov chemazana chehondo, apo yakanga yakanyorwa makore maviri apfuura, uye akaenda St. Petersburg.

Vashandi vari chaizvo kwazvo zvinonakidza, asi anozvibata chaizvo jaya, zvinoshamisa storyteller, uye kunyange nyanduri. The chakarebesa nyaya aigona kuudza nezvainoreva, asi panguva imwe chete riri pfupi chaizvo. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, mumwe Biography pfupi rinozikamwa kusvikira vechikoro kashoma zvakanaka dzinoongororwa nokuda vomunguva edu, nokuti panguva iyoyo mutauro ano Russian hwakabuda chii isu shevedzai zvekare.

Mudzidzi uye kutanga okusika nzira

Muna 1783 akadzokera St. Petersburg NM Karamzin. Ivan akasangana munyori uyo akapotsa vachishamiswa, ivo aichimbosanganamo uye akataura pamusoro mabhuku vonyatsoverenga, kupinda yemitambo pamwe chete, akafungisisa shanduro magazini yacho. Mushure mechinguva Karamzin zvechokwadi akavamba "Moscow Journal", pane dzakabudiswa nhetembo Dmitrieva.

Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich (1760-1837) muchidimbu Biography zvinoratidza kuti aiva mudzidzi N. M. Karamzina. Kutonga zvinyorwa, akanga munzira dzakawanda uye vateveri vake. Muna 1777 akatanga Huchidetemba yake, apo "St. Petersburg masayendisiti Gazette" rakabudiswa nhetembo yake yokutanga. Zvisinei, mudetembi pachake haana funga izvi pakutanga; zvose akanyora pamberi 1791, akadana mazita rhyming chinhu.

mabhuku mukurumbira

Asi rwiyo, "moans njiva njiva", akawana mukurumbira kwakadaro muna 1792, kuti akanga asiri munhu kuva nomwero. Uyewo satirical ngano "Fashionable Wife" Anonziwo zvikuru chaizvo inokurukurwa mumabhuku yeChina. Dmitriev aiva tenzi aibvuma kuti vasanonoka ndima, mhando dzose nzvimbo nhetembo - epigrams, madrigals, Zvawo. Akanyorawo satires uye ngano, vanoda kuteerera uye kudzokorora mashoko Russian voruzhinji.

vomunguva yedu zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti, kunyange zvazvo vaishandisa Dmitriev yekare Derzhavin mabhii ari namasere remakore, asi kunoita kuti mabhuku Russian yakawanda kwake uye neitsva, akadai Huchidetemba nhaurirano, ndyaringo, zvemumba (zvisingagamuchirwi kwokutanga "dzakakwirira kwemanyorero"), uye havaiti I vaitambira kure kuzara upenyu kuti zvakare haana yaingowanikwa ari nhetembo nguva. Asi mutauro, hongu, ndezvechinyakare, pamwe mumadimikira, izvo vanoda zvishoma nezvishoma kukanganisika, ane nyama pedyo, kunyange zvazvo pamwe nezvose manyorerwo akanga honed uye penya.

tsvakurudzo ngano

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvose vakajaira tisvike pfungwa dzake Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. Brief Biography rinotiudza kuti pane chimwe chete chikoro umo akapedza upenyu hwake hwose, uye chikoro ichi - zvavo unyanzvi. Kubvira pauduku, akanakidzwa rwiyo Russian, iye kunyange akaedza kuita pachake kuunganidza. Akadzidza magwaro, nemusoro dzavo unhu, akafanana, mamiriro, nemashoko.

Zvichida ichi kwakabatsira Dmitriev kunyora nziyo vaiimba ose yokutandarira, "Sizyi njiva", "Shii, kumedza ..." "Oh, kana ini ndaziva pamberi ...". vari kwazvo zvakafanana kutevedzera nziyo vekare vose. The mabhuku shanduro novellicheski yavo yakaitwa, kureva, narratively, pamwe wakatsetseka mutambo mundima kunyarara, nyoro kunzwa, chiedza-mavara kusuruvara. Uyewo nokuti vakararama aifunga, kuti Dmitriev kwakaita nhetembo kunge zvakanyangarika roughness uye tinoshandisa Russian zvavo mashoko. Mumagwaro ake nokuzvidira uye zvinenge pakarepo akanyorera mumhanzi nezvinhu zvakadai Vanyori yakakurumbira sezvo Verstovsky, Dubyansky, Zhuchkovsky.

The muunganidzwa nziyo yokutanga

Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, pfupi Biography iyo inotiudza ake dzose vakanaka nevanyoro zvinosetsa, rakabudiswa muunganidzwa wake muna 1796 uye akaritumidza "Uye dzangu trinkets" mushure Bhuku Karamzin bhuku "pezvisingakoshi My". Saka akanaka, sezvo aitamba, akati, kuti achiri anoona pachake mudzidzi tenzi kukuru.

"Pocket Songbook" kuti yaiva muzvikamu zvitatu: The wokutanga Chikamu - munyori rwiyo, chepakutanga (GR Derzhavin, VV Kapnist, M. M. Heraskov, II Dmitriev, KANA Bogdanovich nevamwe ); chikamu chechipiri - kutevedza akakurumbira manakiro; wechitatu - evasingatombonamati nyadzisa mashoko.

Izvi remubatanidzwa chevarwere, mabhuku uye aibata nziyo evasingatombonamati chaiko mumudziyo mumwe chete uye mavara Biography Dmitrieva Ivana Ivanovicha. Pfupiso nziyo kunyorwa nemunyori - compiler kuti muunganidzwa ichi, unogona kupfuura seizvi: ivo kunosimbiswa inexhaustibility zvitubu chevarwere rwiyo zvisikwa. Ivo unorira rwiyo akaramba pfuma Russia: nyaya, mashoko, mifananidzo nziyo dzake kwenguva refu ichava zvakafanira kwatiri sezvo chiratidzo vanoshandura nguva kusiya mutauro.

sentimentalism

At kwezana remakore kuRussia auya mutsva anodzidza kuitika - sentimentalism. Classicism zvishoma nezvishoma kutora muEurope, mabhuku, nziyo nzvimbo, kupenda panguva iyoyo vakapfuura kuora mwoyo pedyo mumaguta upenyu uye budiriro zvavo. Uye nyanduri yedu zvikuru pedyo yepanyama Akasununguka, chii rinotaura nezveMweya Biography pamusoro Dmitrieva Ivana Ivanovicha.

Pfupiso yebhuku sentimentalism: kunzwa, kwete kufunga kuti kushevedzera, wakachena uye untroubled. Pano uye Russian vanyori vakatanga hunhu, Karamzin uye Dmitriev, vanonyatsoongorora kuchinja zvose European kuti aifanira kutungamirira mirayiridzo itsva. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza mapfumo pasi uye vabva.

Kubva nziyo - odes kuti

Tichitevedzera zvavo nziyo vakauya nyanduri wacho mukurumbira, asi chaizvoizvo haana agutsikane, ari Genre yakanga yakanyanya vasiri rwokuzvipira, uye kusuruvara, ndichishuva kuri mumashoko achabatira rwiyo, haana yaingowanikwa ichi vachifara munhu.

Dmitriev aiva munhu anofara, asi pasina kuchangotanga unruliness, murimi mudiki vakachena uye kubishaira. On ichi uye anoratidza zvikuru tsika murume akadaro akafanana Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, pfupi Biography. Okugadzira zvinhu anotaura pacharo, kunyange dzimwe nguva anotsausa muverengi. Somuenzaniso, kana anoona nhetembo Dmitrieva pamusoro zvinofadza, waini uye dutu dandadzo, hazvisi pamusoro munyori. Zviri mutero kuna chimiro nguva. The bohemian munyori uye kwete "akazorora".

Ipapo Dmitriev vakapindwa muropa odes, asika yakasiyana zvachose mhando kwayo, haina kufanana Lomonosov, izvo zvose vachiri uye kutevedzerwa. The odes Dmitrieva inoratidza kunyangarika, asi anoramba kumusoro pathos. Ndivo ode "On the Volga", "Ermak", "Liberation of Moscow". Kutaura achidetemba anova zvoga, pane lyricism, zviri pano pakupedzisira kuti imere zviyo ramangwana elegies, uye zvichida zvose wokuRussia romanticism.

Fabulist uye storyteller

Dmitriev - mudetembi chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda chaizvo. Pakunyanya kuda La Fontaine kubva pauduku, zvisinei "recreate" ari chaiwo ngano, izvozvo akazviratidza kwaari muenzaniso mhando ndiyo Russian ngano, apo panzvimbo dzose moralism rinonzwika yemunyori nzvimbo yake pachake pfungwa maonero. Yezvakaita witty, muna Genre ichi, iye zvabatsira enyambo mutambo yomufaro namano. ngano iri, somuenzaniso, kureva "Bee, nyuchi uye ini". Fabulist Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, pfupi Biography iyo inotaura ichi zvakare, ava vakakwanisa kuva piyona Genres zvose, nokuti izvo aakaita.

Uye dzechembere Dmitrieva pasina fabulousness, chii chiri rungano? Uyu witty chaizvo ndima enganonyorwa nematongerwo ayo modernity. "Rungano", "Mufananidzo", "Fashionable Mudzimai" - zvose zvakanyorwa saizvozvi. Mudetembi akarondedzera izvi mabasa Ngano nokuti havana kuda kuvagumbusa, akadzivira satire ake kuitira kuderedza, kuburikidza renaming mumwe rungano.

afterword

Dmitrieva nyaya ave achishandiswa nevamwe vadetembi nevanyori vazhinji. Somuenzaniso, A. S. Pushkin anoratidzwa Ivan wake "yaKaputeni Mwanasikana". Image Grinyova kana akura kubva nyanduri wacho kubvira pauduku chakanyorwa chehondo. Dmitriev akati nyanduri guru uye Pugachev mutongo, zvaakaona pachake. Uye kunyange "babamunini vakawanda mitemo akanaka" - Uyewo Demetrius, uye akanga ane mwanasikana, panosvikira imba, uyewo mboni. The ushamwari huru yaiva Dmitriev I S Vasiliem Lvovichem - babamunini Alexander.

About Dmitriev somunhu muvandudzi, akanyora VG Belinsky, tichifunga izvozvo mutauro installer, pamwe Karamzin Karamzin chete akaita izvi prose, uye Dmitriev akatanga bhizimisi Pushkin kuti ndima. Zhukovsky akanyora kuti Russian enhetembo kunaka kuisa Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich. Short Biography vana ichi zvakare rinotiudza. dambudziko rake akafara, hofisi, zvinhu vakaenda zvakakwana, nezvibereko kwakaitika pasina kuchangotanga achapesana kubva kurutivi rwake. Zvisinei, nokuda rombo rakanaka zvakabatanidzwa undere, kuvimbika, rupo, kururamisira, basa rakaoma uye kugara kutsvaka nzira itsva.