Russian mapurani A. D. Zaharov: Biography uye mabasa

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, makore oupenyu hwake kuti paumbwe St. Petersburg mufananidzo, anozivikanwa munyika sezvo munyori ari Admiralty chivakwa. kukosha kwayo nokuti Russian mapurani haigoni dzakanaka, iye rinorondedzerwa kutungamirirwa kukura National mavakirwo kwenguva yakareba.

udiki

AD Zakharov, mapurani, akaberekwa August 8, 1761 muSt Petersburg mumhuri Admiralty vakuru, mukuru mukuru. baba vake - Dmitry Ivanovich Zakharov -kuti kugamuchira mwero chaizvo muhoro, asi aikwanisa kumutsa vanakomana vaviri, uyo vakaumba kuzvikudza Yababa. Dangwe - Yakov Dmitrievich Zaharov - akazova academician, purofesa wekemisitiri uye hurongwa. Junior - Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov - akava muenzaniso mapurani. Kubvira vachiri vaduku ukauyiswa vanakomana kushingaira uye kuziva baba vangu mudenga. Iye ainyatsotevedzera vana anogona uye akakwanisa kuona matarenda avo. Andreyan kare 6 makore akatumirwa chikoro panguva Academy of Arts Akanaka. Muchikoro, anobva ava mumwe yakanakisisa vadzidzi. Mukomana anowana mubayiro wake wokutanga kuti padzidzo mumakore maviri - bhuku.

kuwana vocations

Ndapedza kubva kukoreji, A. D. Zaharov anopinda mukirasi mapurani of Academy of Arts. Mano jaya kuti kumubatsira kuti nokukurumidza kusvika mberi tutoring, vadzidzisi akaona ake chiono spatial. Ainge adzidziswa vatenzi makuru: AF Kokorinov, weddill Felten, kureva Starova. Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov inowana nemigumisiro yakanaka mapurani ndege uye muna 1782 sowakajeka kudzidza Academy. zvibereko zvayo "14 vemifananidzo dzekirasi" uye paakavapa Medals.

A penya mudzidzi

Mumakore okudzidza Andreyan Zakharov akaunganidzawo yakazara akagadzirwa Medals of Academy. Rimwe debut mabasa murongedzeri ramangwana - chirongwa "House" - anogamuchira duku sirivha menduru of Academy. Ndicho chikuru mubayiro dhigirii vadzidzi. Muna 1780, zvakanga paakavapa hombe sirivha menduru kare, uye pakupera nokudzidziswa - menduru yegoridhe "Fokzala" chirongwa ( "musha varaidzo") uye rwendo Paris ". Nokuda kuzviwanira kwohumwe kubudirira mavakirwo" Panguva ino, A. D. Zaharov kungokangaidzwa pfungwa classicism, anotsvaka embody neururami vatsva acho.

Muna 1782 Andreyan pamwe nevamwe vadzidzi vatatu vakasvika Paris. Pano vanotanga kupinda makirasi renguva pamwero mufanidzo. Zakharov dzidza kubva achitungamirira akitekiti French JF Chalgrin, uye nemarererwo K. LeDoux kupfuura mberi mapurani kweParis, akakura uye simba rakanakira nyore mabasa kuti fascinates mudzidzi kubva Russia. Chalgrin, munyori yakakurumbira Arc de Triomphe muna Paris, aiva mumiririri chakajeka kubva classicism French, innovator yakaisvonaka mapurani, pfungwa dzake organically kuumbwa pamusoro yakagadzirirwa ivhu iri Academy maonero A. Zakharov. Panguva ino, zvakanga akaumba ake aesthetic pfungwa uye dzinokura yemunyori nzira, iyo ine asi kushandura kupinda miti.

Yokutanga Matanho iri basa

Muna 1786 A. D. Zaharov anodzokera Russia, azere zvirongwa uye anotarisira remangwana. , Zviri kuratidza kure unyanzvi yako racho akanga akapa Academy of Arts kuvaka kupedza kubata zvakakodzera kwemakore akawanda kutarisira kugadziriswa, shandurudzo uye kuvakwa chivako, basa iri uncreative uye onerous ndiyo unonetesa mapurani. Chete muna 1790 akakwanisa kureva nyaya kuvandudza Academy nomumwe mapurani. Zakharov anoita mirairo zviduku, zvakadai chikoro Lyubuchi musha chirongwa. Basa mapurani wokutanga chinozikamwa sokuti muna 1791, chikuru kushongedzwa ichi pachiitiko kwemamiriro norugare Turkey. Basa iri, Zakharov akaratidza kwete chete semunhu mukuru-kirasi nyanzvi, asi somunhu Patriot. In basa rake iye mudzidziso pfungwa noukuru Russia uye kuzvikudza kwavo Feat pamusoro Suvorov panguva iri kubatwa vaIshimaeri.

Educational basa

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, ane Biography hwakada nechokuita St. Petersburg, pakarepo pavakadzokera kunyika yokumusha kwake anouya kumba Academy kunotsvaka basa. Muna 1787, iye wechi nezvenzvimbo nevanotonga purofesa, muna 1792 akatsigira basa racho uye akava purofesa Academy. Ake kudzidzisa basa Zakharov haana kusiya kusvikira pakuguma kwoupenyu. Aiva mudzidzisi unyanzvi, kwemakore, aikwanisa kuita basa rakanaka, uye kusunungura yakawanda vakafanira vadzidzi. Zvikurukuru, pasi ake murayiro aishanda AN Voronikhin, mudzidzi wake aiva muenzaniso Russian akitekiti A. Melnikov.

akitekiti Gatchina

Muna 1799 Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, anoshanda uye zvirongwa zvakanga aona kupfuura mukuru utariri munyika. Paul I akamugadza mukuru murongedzeri Gatchina, ukaramba pambiru purofesa Academy. Pano anosika zvinoverengeka zvirongwa zvivako uye ezvirevo. Iye kutanga kushanda chirongwa wemamongi, asi Pauro rufu haabvumirwi muhombodo racho. It aida kuunza Zakharov Novgorod uye muPskov tsika temberi mapurani. Under utungamiriri hwake, yakavakwa Gatchina Lutheran Church, kusvikira nhasi harina hwaponeswa. Naiyewo mapurani mabhiriji maviri: Humpback uye Lion, anogona kupedzisa pamisasa mbiri: ". Farm" "Birdman" uye Wokutanga yakavakwa, uye kuvakwa rufu Paul rwechipiri akamira.

Panguva iyoyowo Zakharov anotora chikamu pakasikwa basa nesayenzi "The Russian mapurani" inomupa mukana funga zvakadzama zvinhu tsika National uye kufamba munyika yose. Panguva ino akanga hwapinda zvikuru kupinda nheyo Russian mapurani, aziva specificity uye simba Russian landscape, uye akanga akagadzirira pakusika pamwero mukuru muzvirongwa.

Ushande chitarisiko Vasilyevsky Island

A. D. Zaharov unyanzvi ake, iye anosanganisa matarenda mapurani uye shasha tsika-muvaki. Akakokwa mududziri zvose mikuru zvirongwa kuitwa St. Petersburg. Saka anoita rakakura pakusikwa chirongwa of Exchange. Muna 1804, murongedzeri anosika chirongwa rokuvaka embankment Vasilevsky Island pamwe kugadzirisa Academy of Arts. It aida murongedzeri kuti embody zvakanakisisa kutsika mapurani French pamwe namaberere uye nembiru. Basa aikosheswa zvikuru nyanzvi uye vaunoshanda navo, asi zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti vaite urongwa, magwaro, uye matunhu vasina akachengetedzwa. Panguva iyoyowo D. Andreyan kushanda hurongwa pakuvaka Nizhny Novgorod Fair, pave chirongwa foundry nokuda Academy of Arts.

A nyaya upenyu - Admiralty

A. D. Zaharov, Russian mapurani, uyo akaburuka munhau sezvo musiki chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvivako Saint Petersburg - Admiralty. Muna 1805 akagadzwa mukuru mapurani of Admiralty dhipatimendi iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva kukuru uye zvaida rakawanda zvivako. Zakharov akasika zvirongwa zvakawanda, kwete vose vave chinozoiswa, zvimwe zvivako vasina zvakachengetedzwa, asi kukura kwebasa basa Raishamisa. Iye akagadzira maguta akawanda Russia: Kronshtadt, Saint-Petersburg, Kherson, vanotozvifarira, Arkhangelsk, kuti kushanda kwazvo. Zakharov ane mutsa chaizvo mumwe chirongwa uye kwete kusiya pasina kugadziriswa, dzimwe nguva nouchapupu chaizvo, kwete muchivako chimwe chete, kubva maduku hofisi zvivako huru pakuvaka Admiralty muna Arkhangelsk uye Astrakhan. zvirongwa izvi matarenda Zakharov-guta akaronga, iye rinorondedzerwa mufananidzo embankments mumaguta mazhinji Russian. Rinonyatsooneka chirongwa vaiva Black Sea Hospital zvivako Kherson, Nikolaev kadheti Corps, kuti waya fekitari Chirongwa Arkhangelsk.

Kunyange zvakadaro, mukuru basa upenyu Zakharov aiva chirongwa chikuru chokuvaka St. Petersburg Admiralty. Akasika munhu zvinoshamisa, pamwero mukuru kuvaka, kureba kwayo France ndiyo 400 metres. The mutinhimira uye symmetry of France yakashongedzwa zvivezwa uye anotarisa chikuru achimisa. A shongwe ane spire uye goridhe chikepe anoisa kutwasuka, razova hukuru chepfungwa dzomumaguta nakuyenda. Chivako chaiva vanova okugadzira zvinhu Zakharova, paivakwa zvose yakarurama; kubva kuvakuru pfungwa functionality kusvika uye rinopindirana chitarisiko.

akitekiti basa

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, mapikicha zvezvivako izvo shongedza mabhuku ose ari Russian mapurani, akasika yakawanda zvaMambo hukuru ose mumaguta akawanda munyika. Chinonyanya chinozikamwa Mabasa:

• Andreya Pervozvannogo raMwari Cathedral muna Kronstadt;
• budiriro urongwa "Kwaakaita pachitsuwa" iri Admiralty St. Petersburg;
• Cathedral of St. Catherine muna Ekaterinoslav;
• Marine Hospital iri Vyborg muruwa St. Petersburg;
• Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral muna Izhevsk;
• redevelopment huru akatevedzana chengarava St. Petersburg.

Vazhinji hurongwa Zakharova asina vapona, asi nhaka yake kunoongwa ne nezvizvarwa.

zvakavanzika

Mapurani Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna basa raanoda. Akadzidzisa, basa racho, uye mufaro pachake ndisina nguva kuronga. Yokufaranuka nguva chose kuti kudzidza mabhuku Vanamakanika, unyanzvi, ruzivo, kufarira kuveza. Zakharov akatambura yomwoyo, asi haana kuzviita kuti kukosha izvi. Muzhizha 1811 akawira arwara ndokufa 8 September. Academy of Arts akaratidza zvikuru kurwadziwa pamusoro wake kukurumidza kuenda. Zvinosuruvarisa guru mapurani uye vasina nguva kuona kuvakwa chero zvayo huru zvirongwa, vakawanda mabasa ake pamberi nguva uye vasina rakatangwa.