River Kuma: tsananguro uye mapikicha

Kuma River Stavropol unopinza rinowanikwa runonyanya chete munzvimbo iyo rinosanganisira jecha. zita Rwizi Rinobatanidzwa ne ichi chinokosha nayo. Pamwe Turkic mutauro shoko "GODFATHER" rinoshandurwa se "jecha". Nhoroondo rwizi kunotanga I-III emakore BC. Kunyange munguva dzino, vanyori venhau dzakaitika kuvapo pasi pedyo dziva mvura yokutanga navatorwa, vakanga kuroorana pano mune zvokurima, mhuka minda, rwokugadzira kuoneka. In XI-XIII emakore rwizi Kuma akanga akashongedzera Polovets prices; pachavo vagari pachavo rinonzi "Cumans". Nhasi, pamwe dura ndiyo guta Mineralnye Vody, Budyonnovsk, musha cheArekizandiria uye Suvorov, musha Krasnokumskoe, Levokumskoe, masoja Alexandrov, Arkhangelsk uye Praskoveya. All pamahombekombe erwizi Kuma nhasi musha pamusoro 350,000 vagari.

Geography rwizi

Kuma rinobva pedyo nomusha Upper Mara Karachay-Cherkess Republic, kuchamhembe mujinga ari Rocky Ridge (kukwirira 2,100 mamita). Pano, dura anganzi gomo rwizi. The chicherwa Mvura mumwoyo munzvimbo aibuda pabani, paakanga ari kupfuura kunyarara. Painoguma muna Nogai inowanzorimwa. In iri reCaspian mumupata muguta Qom Neftekumsk nzvimbo rwizi rakakamurwa kuva nhamba zvidiki, izvo kufamba nenzira kweGungwa reCaspian, asi haina kusvika. kuyerera Total kunoitika munyika ina nyika: Republic of Dagestan, Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkessia uye Stavropol Territory.

Inflows

Dzorwizi urefu vanosvika 802 km, nzvimbo bheseni aro 33,500 mativi makiromita. The musha Krasnokumskom (nharaunda St George) muna Kumu rechibharo runoyerera - p. Podkumok. Rinoreva kurudyi-kubhengi mumhuri Rwako. Kuti tinzwisise izvo anorondedzera dziva remvura, unofanira kuona apo rwizi mainozonodira Kuma. Tiri kutaura kweGungwa reCaspian.

Mukuwedzera, rworudyi kwerwizi dzinoyerera kupinda dura uye Daria Zolka. In kuruboshwe - Tomuzlovka, Karamyk Dry, Wet Karamyk, Surkul, Dry Buffalo, Buffalo Wet.

mamiriro

Kuma River uchaguta kunyanya nokuda kunonaya uye kubvunda chando. Kubva mukupera November kusvika mangwanani March, iye icebound, muna March-April, chando inonyunguduka, mvura yomumabhodhoro. Munguva ichangopfuura iyi muchirimo zvakanzi akanyorwa zvakarurama dzakakwirira mafashamo, uye mafashamo vari Kazhinji pano. Kubva March kusvika June, pane mafashamo. Muzhizha, mvura pamwero anogona kusimuka kusvika 5 mamita.
Avhareji pagore mvura kuparadzwa ndiko 10.6 cubic metres. m, paavhareji kubuda pana kumativi 0.33 cubic metres. ? km pagore.

A chepfungwa Kuma River ndiye madhaka mvura yaro. Izvi imhaka kumusoro nezvishoma kugutsikana. Maererano zvinyorwa, vanenge zviuru 600 matani zvinhu zvinofanira kuitwa gore negore. Panguva yatinenge mafashamo uye mafashamo, nhamba iyi inowedzera yekudyidzana. Panyaya iyi, iyo Kuma River rinoshandiswa zvikurukuru kudiridzwa pakati dzisinganayi nyika yacho.

Mineral Water The guta nokuda kupiwa aibuda iri iya gomo hunhu, uye tapinda sandara nzvimbo anova kudzikama zvikuru hunhu.

mvura yepamusoro

Unhu mvura murukova zvawo yunifomu. Panguva mudzi, munharaunda dzemakomo, mineralization segwapa: pano zviri kunyanya karusiyamu bicarbonate sezvamunoita. Uyezve murwizi zvicherwa ipfupi kwazvo, pane kuvapo sulfates. Ndokusaka rwizi Kuma muna Stavropol nharaunda ine chenhando mvura approximating zvinoitwa utachiona, undrinkable.

Reservoirs uye migero

On rwizi pedyo nomusha chete zita akasika vakabvumirwa Dam. Namarudzi inotungamirwa turbidity kunoderedza yekudyidzana. Mudhamu rakagadzirwa anoonekwa kuti kumwe nzvimbo hove. Saka, gore rose riri inoitwa uchibata, uye zvose nyanzvi uye mudzidzi. Kune zvinopfuura 70 mhando hove, ramakagadzwa ruzhinji gudgeon, kabhu, bream, Pike uye knot.

Kuwedzera dura, vaviri kudiridza Canal yakavakwa pamusoro rukova Kuma - Kuma-Manych uye Terek-Kuma. Sezvazvakanyorwa zvakare chakasvitswa nzizi dzakawanda pool mvura (kumabvazuva manych, et said.), Kupi ndiko kubudiswa, pashure icho nechikoro kuti vatengi.