Raibhurari - chii? Api mumaraibhurari zviripo?

Biblion (. Gr) - bhuku, Tech (Gr.) - okuchengetera. Raibhurari - chii? Storage nzvimbo mabhuku, manyoro, mashoko ari digitaalinen vezvenhau kuti voga kana voruzhinji kushandiswa.

nyaya

Ancient East ndiye nzvimbo yechizvarirwo vokutanga mumaraibhurari. In Bhabhironi guta Nippur temberi akazoziva dzakaunganidzwa mahwendefa evhu, yomusi 2500 gore BC. e. The guva pedo Thebes akawana bhokisi nenhokwe. Munguva apo dzaRamses New Kingdom vaiva zviuru 20. Papyrus. Mahwendefa mambo weAsiriya vaiona kupfuura yakakurumbira yokuMabvazuva raibhurari yekare Ninivhe.

Nhongonya yekare muunganidzwa mabhuku uye pemipumburu vaiona Library weArekizandiriya. Yaiva chikamu kurovedza zvakaoma, izvo zvaisanganisira nzvimbo hope, kudzidza makamuri, kuverenga, vachidya. Akasikwa Ptolemy. Raisanganisira 200 zviuru. Makopi yokuverenga uye zviuru. School magwaro 700. Vaparadzwa nomoto mugore 270 BC. e.

All yekare dzigare mairi mabhuku aichengetwa mutemberi. Uyewo yeMiddle Ages, raibhurari yakanga chete dzemamongi. Pane chaiwo chakaoma mudzimba kutevedzerwa magwaro uye zvakanyorwa guru Fathers of Church. Copy tinofanirawo zvekare, chiRatini uye nechiGiriki magwaro, iro rikawira maoko mamongi. Book ukoshi yakanga yakakwirira kuti kunyange necheni kumasvingo uye echiShinto, kudzivisa kuba.

Typography yambokurukurwa nokugadzirwa iri wokudhinda, uye raiva chitsva panguva munhoroondo mumaraibhurari. Kuwanikwa ruzivo, uye musoro Mari mabhuku yesayenzi akafurira kukura tsika, dzidzo uye hana vanhu vose.

marudzi mumaraibhurari

• State.
• Municipal.
• Personal.
• Budget.
• Private.
• Training.

Mhando Social:

• Visitor.
• Baby.
• University.
• Industry: zvokurapa, unyanzvi, zvokurima.
• Mapofu.
• Youth.
• Academic.

National Library Chiiko ichi? Storage munyika yacho wokudhinda. vaparidzi Official vanofanira kupa Archive mashoma makopi zvigadzirwa zvavo. Kwete mabhuku chete, asiwo memos, mapepanhau, magazini.

basa

muverengi basa uye kupa mabhuku kuverenga kana mberi dzidzo. Pane mhando mbiri nekuita pamwe makasitoma:

1. Issuance of anodhinda Magazini maoko enyu (musha) kwenguva yamunenge kumwedzi.
2. Kupa mukana kuverenga bhuku iri kuverenga mukamuri.

More marketable zvinhu zviri pachena achazoburuka, uye mushanyi anogona kusarudza pasina achibatsirwa raibhurari. Vamwe ukapisa murwi mumabhatiri mabhuku uye rakapa pamusoro chikumbiro. On the zvisingawanzoitiki chaizvo zviitiko mabhuku zvaparadzwa kana ine mamiriro zvakavanzika, unofanira kuwana chaiyo mvumo.

Bookmobile chii? Book panodonedzerwa RV? In kure nzvimbo umo dzeko raibhurari zvishoma kana kutorega zvachose, anosiya bhazi pamwe akakurumbira mabhuku. Uyu chaiwo kuti vadzidzi kana enganonyorwa ano. Rine mashandiro achitora maodha kubva vaverengi.

"Kana somugumisiro yose nenjodzi Panyika haana zvaangaitawo kunze mumaraibhurari, ipapo munhu anogona akararamazve," - akanyora Dmitry Likhachev.

Library. Ndezvipi marudzi mumaraibhurari

Huru misiyano mumaraibhurari - ndiye Vhoriyamu mari (nhamba mabhuku), chinangwa, bhajeti uye National kukosha. It kunobva mari yevashandi vanokwanisa, kunaka okuchengetera uye kukwanisa kushumira vanhu zvakakwana. Uyewo zvakagadzirwa mune ruzivo.

To vaverengi basa rakanga rikurumidze mubasa raibhurari ezvinhu aishandisa Directories. kadhi iri, izvo mashoko dzakabatana. Huri earufabheti murayiro nevanyori bhuku rokuti, Pfupiso yebhuku uye kusunungurwa negore.

Pari zvino pane marudzi maviri faira makabhati: Chinyorwa kushandiswa uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. E-faira iri nekukurumidza hubudirire kwaari kuwana zvakafanira ruzivo, zviri Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye usingatori nzvimbo zvikuru kombiyuta yako. Asi raibhurari nomumwe ane mukana kutenga michina kombiyuta nezvichaitika duku mari.

Vana raibhurari

Chii raibhurari chevana? Kuchengetera dziva rine mabhuku nokuda gotwe nevaverengi, uyewo mabhuku, rakarumbidzwa kuchikoro uye muzvimwe kuverenga. Chinhu chaiwo uye ano nyaya enganonyorwa vana, mhuka, rengano kuti kukura zvokufungidzira.

Chii muraibhurari yechikoro uye sei kwakasiyana mwana? The musiyano zvinorehwa mari. Kana muzvikochikari zvevana vari masangano guta uye nokugamuchira mari iri kukura mamiriro, chikoro muraibhurari mari achiumbwa nokuda chikoro bhajeti. Mukuwedzera unyanzvi uye dzidzo mabhuku, dzine methodological mabhuku vadzidzisi.

Digital raibhurari

Chii digital raibhurari? Ndivo magwaro (mabhuku, magazini, mapepanhau) mune digital format, izvo akaronga zvakarongeka muunganidzwa. Zvinonzi vakapakata kutsvaka mabasa uye wekushandisa. Izvi zvinogona kuva yepaIndaneti kuti kugara kuwedzera chinyorwa zvose zvinoyevedza uye zvesayenzi. The mari zvingasanganisira nhau, andinenge mavari uye charehwa vanoshandisa.

Chii chinonzi paIndaneti raibhurari (kana yemagetsi) uye chikuru zvakanaka:

• kunonyanyisa ruzivo kuwanikwa;
• pakuchengetedza nhaka yenyika;
• yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda kudzidza, kuzvicheka-kudzidza, uye basa.

The zvaMambo digitaalinen mumaraibhurari rokutanga akazviratidza mukutanga 90s. Hurumende rutsigiro uye mari, anenge hapana. Asi kubudirira uye dzakakurumbira zvirongwa vanotsigirwa ne Russian Foundation kuti Basic Research uye Foundation kuti Humanities.

The kukurumbira paIndaneti mumaraibhurari ari kuwedzera zuva nezuva, mazuva ano Websites apo kunosanganisa sale, kuchinjanisa, kana kungoti kupa ruzivo, vanopfuura chiuru.

raibhurari ano

Munguva ino zvigadzirwa michina kuti ano User inoda anobudirira urongwa mashoko. Russian ano raibhurari kuti nhasi Virtual. Kunyange zvazvo womuenzaniso watopiwa yakatanga mumunda Implementation ine matambudziko ayo. Kumboda mari iyi.

The "wokuenzanisira raibhurari" - chii? Uyu muenzaniso munhu ano dzigare mairi mashoko yebasa kushandiswa. Standard mvumo ari wechitanhatu wepagore Musangano yeRussian Library Association muna May 2001. Chinangwa: kupa anoishandisa chero ruzivo zvakumbirwa. Chiitiko chokutanga anogadzirwa mumaruwa mumaraibhurari of muPskov nharaunda.

Maintenance nzira: anodhinda, mavhidhiyo uye maCD, vanodhirowa, zvirongwa. Uchatamisa pamwe kushanyirwa, kana paIndaneti. Zvinangwa: kushandura kuti upenyu hwangu huve nani kuti mumadhorobha nemaruwa nevagari, pave itsva, panguva njere zvinodiwa, kufambisa kwadzakabva kuti kuwedzera nokufamba upenyu, job rubatsiro kana yokuwedzera basa, pakurwisa yakaderera mararamiro, kutsvaka ruzivo.

Terms pakusika mumaraibhurari ano zvinokwanisika kana:

• vashandi okusika;
• rutsigiro hurumende yeko;
• Kuwanikwa zvivako uye midziyo;
• dzakabudirira kwezvivako.

Chii raibhurari ano? Pfungwa iyi ane zvimwewo zvaanoreva. Chokutanga zvinoenderana chido dzakabudirira. Kushanda zvinobudirira, unofanira nokuvakazve zvose zviitwa. Zvoga mashoko kugadzira, kupa zvedu zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.

Zvinodiwa raibhurari ano

The zvinodiwa zvinokosha zvinosanganisira kunonyanyisa Accessibility nokuda kwevanhu. Pasina nharaunda 3 makiromita (kana maminitsi 20 kufamba daro) kuva raibhurari kana davi. zvinofanira kuva mushandisi noushamwari nzvimbo, panguva mharadzano kuti chime nzira kana kumativi mabhazi kwamira.

The raibhurari anofanira kuva muNaziri mu okuchengetera uye akaona tembiricha okunze (mwando) modes. Kwaitikira dzinenge 80-110 ba. M kwakakwana iine michina. matafura, zvigaro, echiShinto, rwokugadzira michina. Fire kudzivirirwa - kanenge 1 moto chokudzimisa pamusoro 40-50 pachivara mamita. fung paburiro, mukamuri ose. Uyewo moto aramu.