PaChernobyl pamberi tsaona uye mushure tsaona. Land kuzvibvisa

Pripyat - taundi duku simba mainjiniya ari Kiev nharaunda, pedyo inova kupfuura simba renyukireya chirimwa, iyo vakagamuchira zita rayo kubva yaiva kure naye eponymous dunhu centre. Saka vanhu vakawanda vanoyeuka paChernobyl pamberi tsaona. Uye shure tsaona, zita kwave chokuita chete mumwe yakaipisisa njodzi nguva yake nevanhu. Shoko sokuti atakure rupawo yevanhu nenhamo uye chakavanzika. It kutyiswa uye dzinokwezva. Kwemakore akawanda kuna paChernobyl richaramba guru chinangwa chenyika.

A Nhoroondo shoma

The duku town paChernobyl rave richizivikanwa kubvira 1193. Kutaurwa inowanikwa yaMakoronike ndandanda mumataundi uye mumaguta Russian XIV remakore. Kubva pakati pezana remakore rakatevera, akanga atova pasi kudzorwa Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania. Kwete kure naye zvakanzi chakavakwa dzisingambosvikiki nhare, takapoteredzwa yakadzika nomugero, izvo zvinogona achiri kuonekwa nhasi. Muzana XVI remakore, guta rino yakava ruwa muzinda, zvaakapiwa pacharo akanzwa mu Europe panguva hondo pashure pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1789 kuFrance nokuda "Rosalia kubva paChernobyl", saka akadana Rozaliyu Hodkevich (akaroora Lubomirski). Rakanga chimwe chezvinhu vanoshingaira Vatori zviri kure munhau avo, vaiita anosuruvarisa kutapwa vatsigiri wemhuri youmambo Bourbons uye Marie Antoinette.

Muna 1793, guta rakava chikamu Russian Empire. It yaigarwa Ukrainians, Poles uye vaJudha. Zvikuru yakareba paChernobyl raiva musimboti Hasidism, sangano rechitendero muchiJudha.

Saka zvishoma zvinozivikanwa muguta rose rakanga paChernobyl pamberi tsaona. Uye mushure tsaona kwaari pakarepo wakavhomorwa kutarisirwa pasi pose, uye zita raro chairo inozikanwa kushandiswa mumhuri kwakavanzika nechinangwa, kazhinji chokuita neshoko "njodzi" uye "njodzi".

pamberi tsaona

Mumakore 70 apfuura, vakapoteredza nyika kwakanga tiguu rudzi kukura renyukireya. Mumakore iwayo, munyika dzakawanda, dzakawanda zvirimwa simba renyukireya dzakaiswa, mumwe rakavakwa pedyo confluence of Dnieper River Pripyat. Nokutumwa wokutanga dzaishandiswa panguva paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa kwakaitika muna 1975. Patsime 1986 panguva chirimwa wakashanda kwemakore mana simba dzakabatana.

In yepakarepo pedyo renyukireya simba chirimwa muri mumataundi maduku kumajaya kusuduruka uye vashandi basa - paChernobyl uye Pripyat. The yokupedzisira yakanga yakagadzirirwa pachishandiswa ari NPP Satellite maguta. Kugovera basa mhuri nhengo Power, izvozvo kuvakwa vanoverengeka maindasitiri emakambani zvakagoverwa. Infrastructure weguta akapiwawo hanya kwazvo, sezvo avhareji yezera chavagari polis'ky atomograda aiva makore 26.

Pripyat mumazuva iwayo chimwe chezvinhu nomukurumbira maguta kuUkraine. zvokufambisa Its yakakodzera, guru rakafara migwagwa, kuparadzira dzinogarwa nzvimbo uye chivaraidzo nemapaki kunge anokwezvwa vanhu kubva yakapoteredza misha nemisha, kusanganisira paChernobyl.

Kusvikira zvino, vanhu vazhinji havasi zvakajeka chaizvo kunzwisisa kuti aizvininipisa remunharaunda muzinda paChernobyl mumakore pamberi tsaona, kumbonyatsoziva nesimba yenyukireya. Original guta simba mainjiniya akanga chete kuwedzera guta duku Pripyat, riri makiromita matatu kubva paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa. The paChernobyl tsaona akabatana nayo, asi akagamuchira zita rayo kubva zita eponymous dunhu centre, riri kurutivi rwezasi-kumabvazuva ravarwi nechokure 18 makiromita. Pripyat uye rakaumbwa muna 1970 chete nemhaka pakuvaka paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa. PaChernobyl pachayo kaiva guta rine vanhu hapana vanhu vanopfuura zviuru 13. Zvino ose kudzingwa mapazi musha vanhu vanenge 5000, izvo kumwe muna 4000 nayo kurarama muruwa nechepakati paChernobyl.

tsaona

Man-yakaitwa njodzi, kwakaitika 26 musi April 1986 gore nhoroondo guta huviri yenguva: pamberi paChernobyl tsaona uye mushure tsaona.

On simba chikwata № 4 panguva bvunzo chirongwa rimwe turbine emagetsi kuputika akaparadza reactor zvachose. Pakanga moto pamusoro 30, kubviswa izvo pakutanga pakabuda chete helicopters nokuda zvikuru nemwaranzi zvakatipoteredza. Mugore rokutanga post-tsaona akakwanisa kumisa wachi pedyo simba wechitatu, kudzima kwemashoko simba chechina Unit, tarisa chinzvimbo yacho zvashata reactor.

Somugumisiro dambudziko rave kusunungurwa kupinda kwezvakatipoteredza vanenge mamiriyoni 400 curies pakati radioactive zvinhu. Yaiva mhando itsva nenjodzi, vakaburukira munhau sezvo shoko awana munhu kwakavanzika rinoreva, - "paChernobyl". 1986 tsaona panguva Soviet Union ane simba kupfuura simba renyukireya chirimwa akaisa vanhu mukutarisana muvengi chisingaoneki, asingaoneki - radioactive pakusvibiswa.

tsaona Zvinokonzera

The paChernobyl tsaona yakanga mumwe guru njodzi munhoroondo simba renyukireya. Vanhu vazhinji vakaurayiwa uye vakakuvara panguva yokutanga mitatu. Makore zvichitevera njodzi uyewo aiva chaizvoizvo migumisiro yenguva refu nemwaranzi. Kubva rinopisa reactor gore iridzwe yakawanda pamusoro radioactive zvinhu munzvimbo dzakapoteredza muSoviet Union uye zvakawanda Europe.

Social enyika kukosha paChernobyl njodzi nokuda Soviet Union vasingagoni asi kukanganisa nzira kuferefeta dzaro zvinokonzera. Dudziro chokwadi nemamiriro tsaona yakanga chakagadziridzwa kakawanda. A tenderano haina asvika kusvikira ikozvino.

Pakati zvinokonzera tsaona vanonzi zvikanganiso pamasikiro mupudzi, vanoverengeka STRUCTURAL zvinokanganiswa RBMK-1000 reactor, unprofessional zviito kwomudonzvo kushanda panofamba, nokuti iyo kwakaitika reactor iyo dzakaguma muna chafariz kuputika kusingadzoreki cheni kuita.

Pakati zvikonzero vaiva kushaya inodzidzisirwa kudzidza zvinobudirira, kukundikana midziyo, vakasiya pasina kuferefeta, munguva kubvira 1980 kusvika 1986. Pakati hypotheses siyana dzave kusanyatsotsanangurwa chakabatikana uye kwenyika kuyera kusvika 4 points.

On chikamu vakuru uye mishonga kwaingova nhema guru, mutoro nokuda tsaona yakanga haachatauri bedzi dzaishandisa uye zvikanganiso zvavo zvirwere sei vakaramba kuona zvinokonzera nemwaranzi. Kuramba pane Vachiedza kuderedza kwakakura njodzi.

Land kuzvibvisa

Zone muna paChernobyl ndiyo kuzvibvisa nyika. Kwakadaro mauto atonge kwakakonzerwa chinokosha radioactive kusvibiswa nzvimbo dziri pedyo napedyo kune yenyukireya simba chirimwa. nzvimbo iyi kuva zvikamu zvitatu, kutongwa: renyukireya nesimba chiteshi pacharo zvakananga, saka vainzi chinokosha vematunhu, ane gumi uye matatu kiromita nharaunda.

On pamiganhu yavo rinoitwa zvachose kuongororwa motokari, decontamination pfungwa dziri muAtlantic.

In paChernobyl, kushanda Vezvemitemo vakaita kudzivirira munharaunda zvikamu uye richiona hwokupinda zvisiri pamutemo munzvimbo yavo kunze komutemo vanhu. Pano inotorwa makambani makuru, utilities nezvimwe zvivako, basa kuti tirambe akaparadzaniswa nyika ive zvakatipoteredza njodzi ezvinhu.

upenyu chechipiri

A duku-anozivikanwa muguta unremarkable grey dvuhetazhki manyoro uye akachena migwagwa - yaiva pamberi paChernobyl tsaona uye mushure tsaona akasvika pakuzivikanwa munyika pakarepo, guta, nokusingaperi chando muSoviet Union nguva.

Kunokwezva Fans kubva pasi pose Postapokaliptika. PaChernobyl uye Pripyat, matanho kamwe nechivimbo mune ramangwana rakajeka, zvino vari kudzingwa mapazi uye vanobatanidzwa mune kushanya chirongwa pasi pamutemo excursions. Kunyanya nevakawanda nyika ino akakundwa muna 2007 pashure pakabudiswa kombiyuta mutambo «STALKER:. Rinogara Richingoputika paChernobyl"

Maererano nemagazini Forbes muna 2009 paChernobyl mapazi kuiswawo pakati pemazita 12 nzvimbo dzokugara, akaziva kupfuura zvekumwe.

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo padanho nemwaranzi munharaunda akapfuudza zvinobvumidzwa zvishoma 30 nguva asi ichi haagumiri vanoda kupupurira chinonyanya chikuru shongwe njodzi nomunhu. In paChernobyl, 40 000 vashanyi akashanya kwemakore gumi. Gore negore vakawanda stalkers iri kunonoka zvisiri pamutemo rakapinza munzvimbo vemo "Apocalypse", nzvimbo vanhu havazombokwanisi kurarama. Zvisinei, kubuda revashanyi anosika dura uye kudiwa kuti kana guta unokubvumira kuwana upenyu wechipiri.