Ongororo musimboti mu nzira sayenzi

Misimboti Ava vanoumba inokosha zviri pfungwa positivism kwouzivi pashure - Neo. Zvesayenzi Pfungwa ongororo uye falsification zvaipiwa mumwe vazivi huru maviri remakore, Karlom Popperom.

Yepakuvamba rokuita kukura kwavo uye idzidziso mashoko kubudikidza Popper kuti rinoshanda sayenzi se "Rationalist dzinonetsa", iro anoramba zvachose kusava nechokwadi uye chinja. It chinhu vasingawirirani anokumhan'arira upi totalitarianism, zvose munzanga upenyu uye sayenzi. Popper akaita mupiro wakakura kuti kukura uzivi uye nzira sayenzi yemazuva ano, mugadziriro zvakasara akakodzera nhasi.

Sezvo kare akaratidza kuti ongororo pfungwa yakanga akagadzira mukati yechinangwa pokumuka pfungwa ouzivi positivism. Maererano nedzidziso iyi, chinangwa zvose sayenzi kupa vamwe empirical hwaro, umo zvisingagamuchirwi unoreva zvakawanda uye kuti hazvibviri dzokunyora umboo izvi nokubatsira midziyo yesayenzi.

Popper sezvo mutauro wakadaro zvakasikwa musayenzi anoda kushandisa unyanzvi musoro-kwemasvomhu kuongorora uye akarongeka categorical midziyo, inomira nokuda kwayo zvaishamisira, pakawanda uye zvakarurama. nzira kwakadaro zvesayenzi inonzi musoro positivism. The musoro positivists vakati kuti empirical hwaro, sezvinoita mutemo, nokuti chipi bazi sayenzi hwakavakirwa pakuongorora.

Pfungwa iyi pakaziviswa paruzhinji musangano Vienna Circle, nhengo wakange, uye Karl Popper, muna 1921. Musimboti mashoko rakanga zvinotevera: chokuratidza kuti empirical ruzivo chero ndiwo musimboti ongororo. The zviri musimboti rakanga sezvinotevera: ukoshi nesayenzi dzinongova chokwadi chesayenzi, izvo zvakava "kuvamumwe sayenzi" - kwakaitika nemiedzo kwesayenzi uye kuedza, zvine zvazvinoreva uye takaparadzaniswa ose divi zvinoitika kubva mutsvakurudzi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana nheyo ongororo kwave wakatangwa muna yesayenzi nzira, pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana pfungwa maonero panyaya pave chokwadi nesayenzi sezvo vakadaro. Ndokusaka kuroorwa rava shoko idzva iri gakava pamusoro adequacy iri nzira sayenzi, uye vakanochengeta kuenderera zvinotevera nyaya positivism kwouzivi (chiNazi).

Zvisinei, zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti ongororo nhungamiro akaratidza mibvunzo kukwana uye vazhinji sayenzi kukwanisa kupindura. Painogumira pachena Kumanikana kwaiyoyi chikumbiro. Somuenzaniso, kushandisa nzira iyi uzivi, zvepfungwa uye vamwe "non-kwemasvomhu" nesayenzi hazvitomboiti. Uyezve, kusakwana kwayo kwakanga kuti vaigona kushandiswa chete neavo nyanzvi avo nhaka midziyo yesayenzi, midziyo kuti aigona kuzosimbisa kururama masayendisiti chokwadi. Vanhuwo murume, nzira uyu haana kuwanikwa. Uye wokutanga kuona nezvezvisingakwaniswi nzira iyi, akanga Popper pachake. Akacherechedza kuti vakawanda zvesayenzi chokwadi vari hunhu akakwana, uye naizvozvo haangagoni kuva tisingazvinyeperi verifiable. Uye saka kuti vawane rakavimbika zvikuru, Popper proposes kuwedzera musimboti ongororo zvakare imwe musimboti - musimboti falsification.

The musayendisiti vaibva okuti nesayenzi, kufanana zvose munyika, iri simba gadziriro, saka basa nesayenzi harisi chete atsanangure mananara kuitika asiwo kutsanangura kuchinja. Pokutanga muchinangwa Popper ichi vakatora uzivi. falsification musimboti zvinobvira kuti asimbise yesayenzi chokwadi kana Fani nokuda Kuramba navo. Izvi, maererano Popper, akawedzera methodological mikana nesayenzi.