Nhoroondo zvepfungwa. Nzira nhoroondo kwepfungwa

Nhoroondo zvepfungwa anobata pakudzidza mitemo kukura maonero dzevanhu psyche. Nyaya nhoroondo zvepfungwa yakasiyana chaizvo nyaya nesayenzi iyi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanofanira kusiyana. Nyaya zvepfungwa - zvigadziriswe payo, mitemo uye zvinhu kwevanhu kwepfungwa basa. Kwenguva refu sayenzi iyi aiva mumwe misoro uzivi. Uye kunyange pashure kuparadzana ari oga bazi yava sezvairi kubatana pamwe nouzivi. Uyezve, yakanga kuchinjwa anotevera anoranga: ethnography, sainzi, mushonga, tsika dzidziso, evanhu, masvomhu, zvemutauro, zvisingarambiki, unyanzvi.

Nzira nhoroondo kwepfungwa

Basic nzira wepfungwa - yokuedzwa ichi, zvatinoona uye kuedza. Munhoroondo zvepfungwa - kare uye dzichipfekeka, nhoroondo uye kuvabereki, oupenyu uye autobiographical, uyewo nzira nokubvunzurudza uye kuongorora mafungiro mashoko. Mumakore achangopfuura kuwedzera yakakurumbira categorical kuongorora.

The chikuru zvokukura nhoroondo nesayenzi ichi

Nhoroondo zvepfungwa ane mumatanho wandei okukura.

1. Psychology - sayenzi kwomudzimu uye mweya womunhu. Tsanangudzo iyi yakapiwa anenge 2 zviuru. Makore akapfuura. Ndicho pamberi mweya womunhu akatsanangura zvose chinoshamisa. Aiva pazvose huripo munyika. Mweya kunzwisiswa somunhu dzakananga isangano, yakanga yakazvimirira muviri uye kutarisira zvose vapenyu uye vasiri zvipenyu zvinhu. Vazivi akakurumbira nguva: Socrates, Democritus, Plato, naAristotle, Epicurus, Lucretius. Vaidavira kuti mweya - iri shoko chinokosha, iro raiva duku idenderedzwa hurongwa - maatomu.

2. Psychology - sayenzi kwepfungwa dzevanhu. Tsanangudzo iyi akazviratidza muzana remakore rechi17. Kugona kunzwa, kuda chinhu, funga kunzi ruzivo. Huru Nzira yakatanga kuonekwa rondedzero chokwadi uye akataurwa kwevanhu shure. A akakurumbira muzivi nguva - Descartes. Akaudzawo pfungwa mweya nomuviri, uye nheyo prichinnostnoy (deterministic) maitiro pfungwa. Dzokerana muviri uye mweya vakaedza muzivi Spinoza. Aidavira kuti kwakadaro mharidzo zvepfungwa anobvumira kufunga mupfungwa mananara pamwe anawo zvinhu sezvazviri uye kururama, sezvo pakudzidza hukawanika uye mitsara iri geometry. History of Psychology ane zvakawanda mazita makuru: Leibniz (akazogadzira pfungwa akapfizuka pfungwa), Wolf, J. Locke ..

3. Psychology - sayenzi maitiro evanhu. Chaioneka muNzvimbo remakore rechimakumi maviri. Basa raro kuedza uye akataura chokwadi kuti unogona kuona (maitiro, wanda, maitiro). Panguva zvikonzero kuti akaita izvi kana zvimwe zviito zvisina kufungwa nezvazvo. Pane chinhu yavaive wepfungwa sechinhu yoga akazvimirira nesayenzi. Panguva iyoyo anenge asisipo zvepfungwa kuti pfungwa, sezvo pfungwa iri kuwedzera yevanhu psyche wacho zvinhu zvakava venhema. William James yakatanga kushanda kusvika. Inoshandisa nzira yokuzviratidza pakuongorora, introspection uye nguva-tsika chisarudzo chipi matambudziko. kwepfungwa American uye musayendisiti Watson akasika munhu behaviorist nzira, iyo inoshandisa nzira yokudzidzisa experimental nzira. Watson aidavira kuti maitiro omunhu anogona kudzidzwa sezvo chinangwa sezvinobvira, kunoitika chero mamiriro ezvinhu.

Kukura wepfungwa muRussia. Muchidimbu

Nhoroondo zvepfungwa yakazokudziridzwa kuRussia. In pre-echimurenga uye pre-hondo nguva kuti muitiro vane Chelpanov Bekhterev, Pavlov, Sechenov, Chelpanov Blonsky, Rubinstein, Basov, Kornilov uye Kostyuk. Panguva Second yeHondo Yenyika akasimbisa weDhipatimendi Psychology pa Moscow State University, yakavambwa muna kwouzivi zvepfungwa Sector Institute. Munguva yepashure pehondo, zvine zvazvinoita zvikuru munhoroondo zvepfungwa akanga Halperin, Smirnov, Leontiev uye Drudge.