Nezvekubudiswa sezvo nzira udzvanyiriri

Nezvekubudiswa - a zvetsika dzechivanhu chirango rinoshandiswa chiKristu uye rinoshanda vanhu vanogona kuratidza unhu hwavo kana zvavanotenda kanganisa ecclesial simba. Kunyange zvazvo paine uchapupu kuti matanho akadaro anechekuita vadariki uye Vanotyora mutemo chiJudha zvitendero zvechihedheni (somuenzaniso, vaCelt vekare). Pari kuti ariko muchimiro dzinonzi zvishomanana, arumurwa diki (kurambidzwa) uye anathemas. Wokutanga wavo - iri pfupi nechiyero uye wechipiri inofanira kuitwa kusvika mukutendeuka zvizere mhosva.

Tinogona kutaura kuti zvinorehwa chirango ichi ine nemidzi yawo chiKristu vepakutanga. Sezvo zvinoreva shoko rechiGiriki "chechi" rinoreva "gungano", kana kuti nharaunda yevatendi, munhu, akapinda boka iri revanhu ( "ecclesia") uye kupa vamwe zvipikirwa, vakakanganisa kwavari, kunyimwa chimwe kutaurirana navo.

Uyewo, "chirairo" mumazuva iwayo aishamwaridzana kwemajoini chokuvonga kudya, vakatora nzvimbo kuyeuka Kwokupedzisira. Naizvozvo nezvekubudiswa chaionekwa sezvo kurambidzwa mhosva kutaura vakatendeka mukutendeuka.

Gare gare, Zvisinei, kukosha kurangwa rechitendero ichi kwave kuchiita zvakakomba kuchinja, uye kunyange kuva Kunoshandiswa udzvanyiriri, kusanganisira zvematongerwo enyika. Chekutanga, zvakanga yakapiwa vanhu vane zvitendero, kuchikosha kana kwete yakasiyana chaizvo nevaya noruzhinji, uye, kupfuura zvose, simba boka. vanhu ava pakuzivikanwa se vanyengeri. Kwaivawo nezvekubudiswa akadai pachirevo, vaiita kunyanya Western Europe, kana muguta kana musha, imwe anoona chirango, kwete kubhabhatidzwa, kwete akaroora uye kwete akavigwa makuva.

Uyezve, muna XII-XIII emakore sokuti ichi kuva chirango yechitendero vakava vapiwa kubereka kuti zvakawanda zvakakomba Nye migumisiro uye zviri pamutemo basa. Nezvekubudiswa - kudzingwa vanonzi "vanhu vaKristu", kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti munhu wandakaona zvaitika, aigona kubirwa kana kuurayiwa, uye hapana munhu akanga kumubatsira. Rushambwa ndiyo asingapfidzi MuHedheni tsika uye mumutauro Raibvunzurudza kwakakanganisa kuti akapfuura Panyanzvi ruoko "nokuda aurayiwe wakakodzera kurangwa" - rufu padanda.

MuChechi yeOrthodox, motokari iyi kakawanda vaipfeka utongi. Kunyanya, muchechi munhu Mr. E aigona kuvigwa maererano netsika dzechiKristu. Muenzaniso unoshamisa iyi ndiyo nyaya yakadai chinoshamisa munyori, kufanana Leo NdiTolstoy. Nezvekubudiswa kwemashoko "mutongi pfungwa" nokuti akashora Orthodoxy uye vakanamatira yavo maonero chiKristu, kunyanya pamusoro dzidziso uye netsika, kwakamutsa unopinza ratidziro maitiro. Mudzimai wake ari muKristu mutemo Orthodox, akanyora tsamba kutsamwira kuti Dzvene Revafundisi.

Saizvozvowo, vakaita kwete chete kwevanhu venyika kana vechidiki echimurenga pfungwa, asi vazivi vezvitendero, uye kunyange nomutemo mubatsiri naMambo Nicholas II, uyo anonzi chisarudzo "upenzi" of Revafundisi. On NdiTolstoy kuti nezvekubudiswa Chechi munyori akapindura tsamba iyo yakati kuti gwaro iri pamutemo, nokubuda kwete mitemo, uye inokurudzira vamwe namabasa akaipa. Akatiwo haana kuti iye pachake angada kuva nzanga, dzidziso anoona venhema uye hunokuvadza, akavanda musimboti wechiKristu.