Neramangwana - chii ichi? Sei neramangwana kutengesa?

vatengesi Russian vakajaira kushandisa mubasa ravo chombo yakadai neramangwana. RTS, MICEX nezvimwe exchanges inopa mukana kudaro pachinhu zvakawanda kwema zvemari. Ndezvipi zvinoitwa Implementation kuMudzidzisi zvokutengeserana nzira? Ndezvipi neramangwana uye sei kubatsira vatengesi kuwana?

Chii chinonzi neramangwana

A vakawanda vaibvuma tsanangudzo pakati vatengesi neramangwana - zviridzwa zvemari, vachibvumira kuti vaite neramangwana zvibvumirano pakati dambudziko chombo, izvo zvinoreva mhedziso pakati mutengi uye mutengesi vakabvumirana pamusoro nemutengo uye chibvumirano kutengeserana. Uyewo, zvimwe zvinoumba kunobatsira, akadai Somuenzaniso, uwandu, ruvara, ukuru uye zvichingodaro. E., Munhu nokurondedzerwa waiti ari chibvumirano. Neramangwana - iri zvakakwana-chinja zvemari chiridzwa. Vanogona dzakashandisa dzakasiyana-siyana nzvimbo kutengesa.

Neramangwana - a nomukaka?

Hongu, ndizvo siyana yavo. Shoko rokuti "rinobva" zvinonzwisiswa nevanhu vatengesi zhinji zvinofanana nemashoko okuti "rinobva", kureva, mumwe ane nopindirana kune ainakidza okutengesa mutengapwe. Dérivés uye neramangwana - chibvumirano chakanyorwa nokududza zvinodiwa kuti chibvumirano kuti mutengesi uye mutengi. The chaizvo chipi rinobva kuti chaizvoizvo pachako uve musoro chibvumirano waakazvitengesa. Ndiko, kuchinjwa chaidzo mutengi nhumbi kubva nokutengesa kana angasava.

History neramangwana

To zvakakwana kuongorora zvakadzama hunhu neramangwana, zvichava zvinobatsira kuziva akaita sei zviridzwa zvemari izvi, ndedzipi huru munhoroondo zvokukura Implementation yavo zvemari turnover. Vamwe vatengesi vanodavira kuti mashandiro neukama pakati mutengesi uye mutengi, iye zvino remhosva tsanangudzo neramangwana, akaonekwa refu kuti mudziyo mubvunzo asati akaonekwa pamusika. Sezvo kazhinji zvinoitika upfumi, kutanga kuoneka, uye ipapo - shoko kurondedzera izvozvo.

The musika akabvunza zvakagadzirwa

Chimwe chikuru marudzi zvigadzirwa kwagara zviyo. Kana isu kutaura nguva isati rechi19 - mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, zvino anoita kuti pakati kiyi vanotongwa nyika kutengeserana. Varimi, kurima, kutumira vatengi vavo nyika kana gungwa. On zviyo pamusika mumatsutso kazhinji overabundance zvibereko choupfu - varimi vakatsvaka nokukurumidza kutengesa chirimwa. Uyewo, kwaiva nezviyo aigona kuitika muchirimo, izvo havangagoni kukura, nepo isina chinozoiswa, kunyange mumatsutso vakaramba vachifambirana kuipa, sezvo zvakanga kakawanda po- kuchitoro. The musika kamwe zvakanga zvakakodzera kugadzirisa kusaenzana ichi. Saka akazviratidza zviridzwa rokukurumidzira zvemari kuti kubvumira varimi kukura zviyo, uyewo bhizimisi zvimwe zvirimwa zvakadai, kugumisa makondirakiti pamwe vatengi kunyange pamberi tsanga ripen uye vasvike imwe Kuziva.

pasi rose turusi

zvibvumirano avo vainzi mberi (kubva Chirungu mberi -. "Forward"). Neramangwana - zvinogona akati, kwadzakabva munhu mberi chibvumirano kuti kuchinjanisa pamusoro Stock Exchange zvinhu. pakuonekwa nyanzvi chokuita mitemo mubhizimisi kwema, saka kuti urongwa akakodzera anogona kupinda chero mhando nhumbi kutengeswa. Somugumisiro, neramangwana zvokutengeserana rapararira kusvika kutengeserana, mukati zviri kutengwa kwete zviyo chete nezvimwe zvigadzirwa okurima, asiwo mbishi zvinhu, nesimbi, vamwe vakagadzirira akagadzirwa zvokudya zvinogadzirwa: .. Sugar, kofi, etc. Nokuti yerudzi rutsva nzira, kana tinotaura nezvenhoroondo wezvokutengeserana noukama turusi akaderedzwa uye exchanges zvemari.

Kubva mbishi mashoko Stock Exchange indices

Pane zvinoratidza kuti wokutanga zvokutengeserana neramangwana zvokutengeserana chaiitirwa pamusoro Dow Jones Stock Exchange indekisi zvakafanana zita nokuda kutengeserana. Somugumisiro, mashoko mari vakagamuchira guru mudziyo rweinishuwarenzi ngozi zvemari - sezvariri kuita tsanga bhizimisi mumatsutso. Nokufamba kwenguva, neramangwana indices kuva nevakawanda kuti bhuku wezvokutengeserana mavari dzimwe nguva akava nani kuita imwe dzenhoroondo kwema.

Neramangwana riri vatorwa Exchange musika

A Chishandiso idzva zvemari ane kuti munhumbi uye misika mari. Mumwe zvinhu kufarira kushandisa neramangwana vatengesi akava, maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, ari abolition ari "nzira yemandorokwati" muUnited States muna 1971. Pakarepo mushure panopindwa idzva dzemunharaunda mashoko panyika mari pamusika vakatanga kutambura nokufamba simba. Vatengesi vaifunga kuti neramangwana - ichi ndicho chishandiso ichabatsira kumusika zvakaitika Pasika mukuru volatility.

Kumbomira zvokutengeserana zvigadziriswe akaiswa panzvimbo, uye nokuda kukurumidza kukura kukurumbira wavo, nyanzvi vakafunga kuti izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitwa musika akabvunza. Neramangwana riri dhora uye Ruble sezvatakaona dzinoverengeka zvinyorwa, yakatanga nemasaini April 1998. Pazuva kutengesa rokutanga, yaipedzerwa zvibvumirano vakapfuura mamiriyoni 200 rubles.

Neramangwana muRussia

Nenzira, nhoroondo Russian Exchange kutengeserana zvinobva kubva Peter Mukuru. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 muRussia vakavhura maererano vamwe 87 chinokosha exchanges. Kubvira mukupera 20s, uye kuti 1991 Institute wezvokutengeserana haana kushanda munyika yedu. Asi pashure sanduko reRussia pamusika akasununguka wava mumwe kiyi upfumi.

Apo wokutanga kutengeserana neramangwana yakaitwa Russia? Pane zvinoratidza kuti muenzaniso kuti pokushandisa chiridzwa vokutanga kunyorwa 1996 pamusoro St. Petersburg Stock Exchange. Takatanga kuoneka yokutanga nyaya Analytical, izvo anokwirira ari chinyorwa pamusoro tarisiro wokuRussia kuroorana muna neramangwana wokutengesera. Kuma1990 kuburikidza mari chiridzwa simbi zvibvumirano vakaurayiwa nehurumende uye matunhu neminisiparati zvisungo.

Zvino vaviri kupfuura Russian vapfuwi exchanges zvinoshanda neramangwana (RTS uye MICEX). Pakutanga pane kunyange chaiyo chidimbu kuti kutengesa nokushandisa mudziyo uyu zvemari - nhare. Available pamusoro nhare neramangwana uye nzira (imwe nzira yakakurumbira kusaina zvibvumirano). Zvichava kubatsira nenzira, funga kuti zvakasiyana.

The neramangwana vakasiyana mikana

Chinhu chikuru chokuratidza wakasiyana neramangwana nzira - muridzi anofanira kutanga kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu pasi chibvumirano. Uyewo, mari mudziyo wechipiri rinobvumira kurutivi kutengeserana asingadi zvinoenderana ezvinhu raanotaura kondirakiti. Somuenzaniso, kwete kuzotengesa hunde kana Vakawira mutengo zvichienzaniswa mutengo panguva ndapa.

Marudzi neramangwana. kufanorongwa

Zvisinei, kudzidza acharamba neramangwana. Modern vatengesi patsanura vave mhando mbiri. Chekutanga, emit anonzi kufanorongwa neramangwana. Ivo chibvumirano nenguva kuurayiwa iyo mutengi anobvuma kunotenga, uye mutengesi - kupa nzira yakabvuma nokurondedzerwa ari kutengeserana uwandu vamwe zvinhu. Panyaya iyi, iye neramangwana mutengo achava munhu wakaiswa vatowanda zvichangobva okisheni. Kana chibvumirano anofa uye mutengesi hauchazopi chinokosha chinogona kutarisira Zvirango.

akaverenga

Panewo neramangwana ugari. peculiarity yavo ndechokuti mutengi uye mutengesi vari Vakaverenga pamwe chete mune mari anoumba musiyano mutengo wacho kunobatsira kuti panguva nemasaini uye kuurayiwa zviri chibvumirano, zvisinei ayo pakukurukura chaiko.

The nemamiriro neramangwana chibvumirano nokurondedzerwa

Mumwe zvinokosha zvenyaya neramangwana kwema - Specification. It itsime, iyo ngadzirambe dzinokosha mashoko chesungano. BOM maumbirwo kwema kwakadai kazhinji sezvinotevera: kutaridzwa zita chibvumirano, kunyanya mhando - kuongorora kana inoshandiswa pakutsigira, kukosha runotikurudzira twa, nguva, uyewo vamwe dzokufungidzira kusarudza. Pakati kiyi inogona kunzi gupa kana tick kuchinja.

Its ukoshi kunobva zvikurukuru twa. Nokuti gorosi, kana isu kutaura munyika makuru vapfuwi exchanges - ndiko kuti 5 masendi por tani. Achiziva ichi, chii Vhoriyamu neramangwana chibvumirano, kuti muzvinashawo anogona ngaaverenge nyore zvachose mutengo shanduko pamusoro yose chitsama kunobatsira. Somuenzaniso, kana chibvumirano kuti gorosi kubudikidza 200 matani, zvinganzi dzaona kuti shoma kugadziridza kuti mutengo achava $ 10.

neramangwana mafuta

Sei kutengeswa, somuenzaniso, ramangwana musi Brent nemamwe wakaipa anonhuwirira? Very nyore. Mazuva ano chinokosha exchanges nhumbi giredhi chaiyo mafuta, uyewo mbiri - Light Sweet uye WTI. Vose vari nezvavo savakuru zvechinguvana nekuti mamwe mamakisi mafuta zvinofungidzirwa pahwaro kuwirirana chete ukoshi mhindu. Zvibvumirano pamusoro dema goridhe kumhanya maviri huru wemari exchanges - NYMEX, muNew York, uyewo chando, muLondon. American anoenderera mberi vagotengeseranamo mafuta Light Sweet, mu Chirungu - mamwe maviri mhando. Kunyanya mugotenga goridhe dema, inoumbwa pakuti vari siku nesikati.

The kazhinji akabvuma chipimo vatengesi nyika nyasha Brent. mafuta Ichi chiratidzo kuti chikamu chikuru mhando enyika mafuta, kusanganisira Urals mafuta Russian. Zvisinei, sezvataurwa nevamwe vaongorori, pakati vashambadzi pane kurovedzera vasingabvumi funga zvakakodzera kuchengeta mureza Brent. Chikonzero chikuru - anogadzirwa kunyanya chete muGungwa North, pamusoro Norwegian minda. Mumatanda sokutadza zvavo, nokudaro achidzikisa, maererano vamwe vaongorori kuti liquidity vezvinhu uye mutengo mafuta urege kuratidza chaiko pamusika nemiitiro.

Brent neramangwana hunogona kungoparara vanozivikanwa Acronym BRN London Stock Exchange Ice. Zita chibvumirano rizere unorira Brent Crude Oil. Mafuta akapa pasi zvibvumirano pamwedzi. Saka, zvinokwanisika here kugumisa kuti kutengeserana navo penguva pamwedzi. The kunonyanyisa nguva chesungano - makore 8. Kune pfupi-rokuti mafuta neramangwana, asi pane-refu. Pezvemakuriro runoenzanirana vanoshanda - 1 zviuru emiti .. Kukosha 1 chishambwe - masendi, kureva, shoma Kuchinja chibvumirano mutengo - $ 10.

How kukunda mumafuta emaoko pamwe neramangwana? Quotes mafuta, maererano nedzimwe nezvoupfumi, kuvimba mamiriro ezvinhu ari munyika yose upfumi. Kana munhu ainyatsoziva nyaya, anogona kuedza kusaina chibvumirano kutenga kana kutengesa mafuta ari yakatarwa mutengo, nokudaro nokuvhura refu kana pfupi chinzvimbo, ukuwo. Toti, kana mafuta mari $ 80 mudhiramu murume kunoratidza kuti pashure 3 mwedzi mbishi zvinhu kuchawedzera kusvika 120 emadhora. Anogumisa 1 zvishoma nechibvumirano kutenga goridhe dema panguva mutengo $ 90 chete dhiramu. Kuuya 3 months. Mafuta inotarisirwa rinobuda mutengo kuti $ 120 paminiti mudende, uye dzinoshandiswa muzvinashawo riri mutengo 90. Akanga maererano exchanges mamiriro vakaisa pakarepo vakapomera musiyano pakati $ 40.

Neramangwana uye mari

Zviri pachena kuti kuitira kuti kuchinjanisa tichibatsirwa neramangwana mafuta, mumwe muzvinashawo zvinoda chinokosha upfumi zvemari. Shoma kukosha chibvumirano, sezvo tine kare akataura -. 1 zviuru emiti, ndiko kuti, kana iwe utore uno, kwete matunhu mutengo kuti mafuta, zvinoda upfumi dzinenge 50 zvuru zvamadhora .. Zvisinei, muzvinashawo ane mukana vawane wafunga neramangwana pamusoro dhora musi MICEX, somuenzaniso. Maererano tichitarisa exchange chibvumirano ndiyo shoma uwandu $ 1 zviuru .. Ratidza nemucherechedzo wetiki - 10 kopecks.

Somuenzaniso, mumwe anobvumawo kuti US Dollar kuchaita kutsauka magetsi 65 rubles kusvika 40. Akazarura refu nechinzvimbo pamusoro kutengeswa kondirakiti imwe mutengo, muti, $ 50, nguva - 1 mwedzi. A mwedzi gare gare Ruble chaizvoizvo kunosimbisa chinzvimbo - kusvika 40 inokwana zviyero muzana dhora US. Man Zvisinei, anekodzero kutengesa yakati mari iri chibvumirano nokurondedzerwa pa mwero $ 50, uye yokubatsira ari Gengi musiyano 10 rubles nechimwe chikwata of US mari. Asi kana asina zvokufungidzira kubva Ichokwadi yakati kuti mitoro kuna Exchange. Izvi zvinowanzoda kunoitika nokuda placement pamusoro aida kukura dhipoziti nhoroondo kumusika.

urongwa Similar zvinokwanisika zvakaoma kana vanotengesa anogoverana akaitwa. Kana yakaturikwa, mashoko anokwanisa kuongorora mamiriro pamusoro pamusika wacho muzvinashawo anogona kuvimba kwazvo mari kuburikidza neramangwana. Dzokutengeserana pamusoro wemari exchanges nhasi zvakakwana hwomutambarakede, yakajeka uye kudzivirirwa nomutemo Russian. At dzinoshandiswa muzvinashawo, sezvinoita mutemo, pane Analytical zviridzwa yakakodzera, akadai neramangwana purogiramu yasarudzwa twa. Uchishandisa yakakodzera mashandiro zvemari mune Russian mari kwezvakatipoteredza yava zvakarurama kugadzikana mukurumbira.