Ndiani anonzi pessimist?

Iyi maonero ehuunhu hunotangira zvakare kuVII-VIII yezana BC. Mumiririri wepasi rose akajeka kuburikidza nejeri remafungiro asina kufungidzirwa aive mutauro wekare wechiGiriki uye Rhapsody Hesiod. Zvisinei, maonero ake anogona kudanwa pasi rose. Nhasi zvakakosha kutaura pamusoro pokuti ndiani ari kushungurudza mupfungwa yakadzama yeshoko.

Kuti ucherechedze hutsika urwu, zvakakosha kutanga kubva pamabasa ekufambisa mafirosofi nevanyori vezana remakore XIX-XX, iro Vladimir Solovyov naArthur Schopenhauer. Kutora sechikonzero chetsika yakagadziriswa yepfungwa, vakakwanisa kugadzirisa zvinyorwa zvehupenzi zvechimiro chekushaya tariro chakanyanya kunyatso.

Ndiani anonzi Pessimist kuna V. Solovyov

Kuti aongorore maitiro ekusava nemafungiro asina kukwana, muzivi akatsvaka senheyo yake "Machina Akanaka Echokwadi" echiBuddhist kudzidzisa. Zvinofanira kunzi kuti tsanangudzo idzi dzinongoratidzira kwete kungoona kusingafungi kwenyika yose seyese, asiwo kune pfungwa yekuti munhu ari oga. Maererano naSoloviev, kushaya tariro kune munhu anoona kuvapo kwake sekutambudzika kubva pakuzvarwa kusvikira pakufa. Zvose zviri munyika zvinoitwa kuburikidza nekutambura, kunyange mufaro unofanirwa kuguma huchapedzisira uchitungamirira. Munhu asingafungi anozviona semunhu asina simba, anotaridzika ruvengo uye rudo, chigumisiro chacho chisina kunaka manzwiro anounza kutambura. Uyezve, maererano nedzidziso dzeBuddhist, nirvana (kureva, kusavapo kwemarwadzo uye kushungurudzika) kunogona kuburikidza nekunyora kubva munyika yakapoteredza uye, nokudaro, kuchenesa pfungwa dzevanhu vanobatanidzwa, godo nekutsamwa kune vanhu, kusashivirira nekutsamwa. Kuora mwoyo kunowanzotarisana nekukura kwetsika uye ruzivo rwehuchenjeri, runyararo.

Ndiani ane tariro - tsanangudzo dzeA. Schopenhauer

Kudzidzisa kwaSchopenhauer kunotaura kuti kutambura inzira isingadzivisiki uye inogara iri muhupenyu hwekushaya tariro. Rufu nokuda kwake ndiko kununurwa kubva mukuchema uye kusuruvara kwehupenyu. Ndicho chikonzero nei vanhu vemhando iyi vachiwanzozviuraya.

Kubvira panguva yekuzvarwa munhu anopinda mukutambudzika, ane mabasa kumasangano nemhuri. Munhu asingatendi anofarira kugara mumumvuri, kwete nokuti anomuda, asi nokuti anonzwisisa kusakwana kwepasi rose. Mune mamwe mazwi, munhu akadaro haafariri kutora mazano uye kugadzirisa, nokuti anotenda kuti anozorora mukati make, ane ruzivo rwose rwunokosha pamusana pekuda kwake.

Ndiani anonyanya kutadza: zviratidzo zvekuita

Kutevera tsanangudzo yeshoko rokuti "kusava nehanya" pamabasa emhando mbiri dzinokosha mumunda wefilosofi yenyika, achitsanangura chinonyanya kukosha kwepasi rose revanhu vasingafungi, mumwe anofanira kuenderera mberi kune zvinyorwa zvehutano hwemunhu akadaro "mumhomho": "

- kuparadzana, chido chekugara uri woga;
- kukanganiswa kwetsinye kwekutsoropodza kana kusazvidza kuongororwa kwekuita kwezviito zvavo;
- chimiro chekufungidzira, saka, kuvhara;
- kushushikana, kuda kutenda mune zvakaipa;
- kukwanisa kupa "kuchenjerera" kuongorora kwezviri kuitika.

Nenzira, inobatsira kuwana mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu: "Ndiri anani - ane tariro kana ane tariro?" Muedzo wakaitwa nevepfungwa dzepfungwa. Unogona kuzviwana pamapeji ezvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakadhindwa.