Munyori Rimsky-Korsakov: mazita mabasa. Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreyevich: operas, symphonic mabasa, kumabasa

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) - kukuru Russian wenziyo, munhu wengarava mukuru, mudzidzisi, kushingaira nhengo "tsama Samasimba", iro raiva neshasha shure V. V. Stasov. Principles kuti vanofanira Vanyori, vakatanga nzwisa Russian ngano, Rimsky-Korsakov pashure Kutamiswa kwavo pakudzidzisa makirasi panguva St. Petersburg Conservatory.

Zvakaita okugadzira zvinhu

Nikolai Andreyevich akanyora, akatenda pachake chaizvo. Uye zvirokwazvo, zviri gumi namashanu operas, nhatu symphonies nezvimwe symphonic chimiro (Inn, cantatas, Concerts, Capriccio, overtures), dzinobudisa inzwi nziyo. Izvi, pfupiso mukati, mazita mabasa ake. Rimsky-Korsakov mumakore akazotevera hwake nokusuruvara akati kwaizova chinyadzo kana akangamwa. Asi kwete, mabasa ake dzinodirwa uye aida vateereri.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Nikolai Andreyevich akaberekerwa mumhuri anokudzwa iri kudunhu taundi Tikhvin. Mukoma wake (zera musiyano waiva huru - makore 22) akanga ari mukuru wengarava, uye Kolya zvishoma akarota pamusoro pegungwa kufamba, chero makore matanhatu dzidzo kumba. Aitambisa zvishoma piyano uye kunyange rakanyorwa, asi yake akanininira gungwa. Baba vakaramba kuti hope uye mumakore 12 akapa Mwanakomana Naval kadheti Corps muSt Petersburg. Pano iye akasangana Italian uye German dhanzi, uye akatanga zvisingadzivisiki kukwezvwa mimhanzi. Ndava nemakore 15, iye akarwara kudzidza piyano. mudzidzisi wake akatanga chipo jaya nenhengo "tsama Samasimba" Mug muna 1859.

mabasa ekutanga

Panguva iyoyowo, vachitungamirirwa Balakirev, Nikolay Aleksandrovich akatanga kushanda pazuva First Symphony, iyo anovhura mazita mabasa ake. Rimsky-Korsakov akatanga kunyora zvakakomba mumakore 1861-1862. Akanyora chikamu chokutanga, Scherzo uye kuguma. Iye zvokuronga zvakaipa zvikuru, nekuti mimhanzi zvidzidzo vaitova. Rimsky-Korsakov kudzidza Marine Corps uye akaenda kugungwa. Akanga achiri kuedza kunyora andante, asi kunonoka basa, nguva dzose achiita basa iri clipper "Almaz" kwemakore matatu. Mumakore aona hafu yenyika, uye zvomumvura ruzivo avanozofanira kuoneka mune orchestral mabasa. Apo Nikolay Aleksandrovich adzoka muna 1865, wapedza basa iri nezvimwe rake, evasingatombonamati Russian mumweya, akazara yemisoro zvavo nziyo. andante kunonyanya mbiri chete rwiyo "wechiTatar ruzere." Shanduro yokutanga Its kwakaitwa pasi pesimba Miliya Aleksandrovicha Balakireva. Muna 1884 akadzokera kushanda kwake Rimsky-Korsakov. Symphony 1 rave kuzodzosera zvokuronga. In ichi chakagadziridzwa chimiro nayo kuita muzuva redu.

New pendi Munyori

National ruvara ari mumhanzi, riri wakada nenhengo dzose "tsama Samasimba", zvinoratidzwa vakasikwa 1866 "Overture pamusoro Three Themes Russian" muna 1867 - mu "Serbian kufungidzira" uye mimhanzi mufananidzo "Sadko". Mufananidzo uyu - padanho muupenyu rejaya wenziyo. Pano awana chii kuti gare gare kunzi "siyana Rimsky-Korsakov kuti", iro zvakakwana unoratidza orchestral mavara gungwa uye chinhu pamusoro tarenda pasi pemvura nyika. The Musoro "Sadko" Papera achava aripo ari dhanzi.

Uchikwezvwa kuti rungano

Ngano akaramba ari symphonic Suite "Antar", apo kunzwisisa rokuimba uye mutinhimira kuti vatatu akashandiswa. Izvi zvinoita zvakanaka munyori yokumabvazuva inzwi. Munyori vakadzokera kaviri kushanda kumabvazuva rungano, asati makawana achida mugumisiro.

muchato

Mumakore makumi maviri nezvina 1871-1872 Nikolay Aleksandrovich ari kushanda ari ake dhanzi yokutanga "The Maid pamusoro muPskov", chine mabasa matatu namatanhatu mifananidzo. In basa iri, zvinobatsira chaizvo musikana Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold, ane ruzivo Pianist uye Pokuda munyori. Inouya zvisingadzivisiki. Vechiduku kudanana. Kunzwa uku atakura kuburikidza upenyu, cementing 1872 muchato wake. 1873 pakataurwa inoshandiswa pakutsigira mumutambo "The Maid pamusoro muPskov" panguva Mariinsky Theater vachitungamirirwa E. Nápravník uye pakaberekwa mwanakomana wake Michael.

Kuchinja wokutanga dhanzi

Asi hazvina chokupedzisira shanduro enhoroondo mutambo, rakanyorwa Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. "The Maid pamusoro muPskov" ane hwakawanda matatu. Basa pariri kwemakore anenge makumi maviri nemashanu. Pakutanga, nhengo dzose "tsama Samasimba" kwakabatsira vaduku munyori, kunyanya Mussorgsky, uyo akanyora ake "Godunov" panguva ino. Themes uye motifs vakamutorera zvemumba, mumwe munyori zvinoratidzwa muchimiro hondo pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa, zvose somunhu uye voruzhinji. Nhoroondo iri dhanzi zvadzorwa yakakura. Munyori nemaune vakasiya kuwanda CARCHI uye ensembles, pedyo recitative. Opera rave yakurukurwa Russia uye Italy, uye Spain, uye Belgium. In Paris, kwaiva kwakabudirira zvikuru pamusoro Russian Diaghilev nemwaka.

Ose manonwe vakazvipira mabasa vanoshingaira dzidzo uye kuzvidzora dzidzo.

maruva kuti okugadzira zvinhu

Creative Munyori richisimuka kunotungamirira pakuti yoku- mazita mabasa ayo. Rimsky-Korsakov anosika dhanzi "May Night" muna 1880, rakanga kufanorongwa panguva Mariinsky Theater kudzorwa E. Nápravník. basa iri zvakanyorwa pa zano rake ipapo-mwenga. Iye uye chose basa rake Rimsky-Korsakov. Opera "May Night" panoratidza muteereri lyrical, enyambo neimba uye naka mifananidzo. Zvinonzi inobva achabatira rwiyo okugadzira zvinhu.

Muchirimo 1880, akurukure AN Ostrovsky uye mvumo kuita libretto pamusoro dhanzi "Snow Maiden" kuchinja, Rimsky-Korsakov anotanga kushanda. Zviri nyore. Yose hunhu wenhaka Stelovo anofuridzira naye. Kunyange inzwi rake zvaiita abvumirane dhiyabhorosi kana zvimwe zvikara dondo. Zvizhinji pfungwa inobhadharwa Rimsky-Korsakov predominance mune chimedu mumhanzi ruzha, kureba pedyo zvakawanda zviridzwa kana vocals. Zvino wokufananidzira chishamiso, uko wokutanga nechido akatora pachake Ostrovsky. Rimsky-Korsakov kuti "Snow Maiden" iri azadzwa freshness, nyore uye wakachena chevarwere songs, nziyo burgeoning chitubu. Orchestral sumo okusuma rinotsanangura Chitubu chisinga- zvakasikwa. Easy uye ichiyevedza rimwe aria of Snow Maiden yokutanga ( "... uye michero kuenda"), kuti lyrically kupinda kwayo Arietta "Ndanzwa, ndanzwa." Mamiriro "anoonekana Carnival" chinosanganisira chevarwere nokuimba choral Zvikamu. The chiito chokutanga kunotanga kunonoka uye viscous rwiyo Lola, ipapo fara kutamba-uye anoenderera akatunhidzwa, chinosuruvarisa Arietta Maiden "anorwadziwa pano," nechido, runopenga nyaya Kupava "Musikana, ndafara." In chiito yechipiri hunodzorwa chikuru paakaita mbiri Berendey "Kwaziwai kwamuri, akachenjera." Zvinyoronyoro akadira uchinakidzwa, enhetembo cavatina Berendey. Mudariro rechitatu anozarura fara kutamba "Ai, mumunda liponka". Symphony Chiitiko kuti "The Dance of buffoons" akazara inopenya mavara orchestral, zvinofadza mutinhimira. Broad Privolnaya Rwiyo rwiyo rechitatu Lola "kutinhira gore kuti vanyengere." In chiito rechina kunhonga munhu lyrical pfungwa Snow Maiden. In utsotso Danho heroine mufananidzo wake kusimba uye kusimba. Rimsky-Korsakov kuti "Snow Maiden" rinopedzisa zvikuru wakaisvonaka korasi.

Virtuoso gitare zvidimbu

Muna 1887, pakarepo akafa AP Borodin. Ake "Prince Igor" hazvina yapera. Glazunov uye Rimsky-Korsakov akatora guru basa iri kuongorora zvinyorwa uye kuvakwa basa dhanzi. Muzhizha vakanga vachishanda munyika, asi Nikolai Andreyevich basa akambomiswa. Akanga ane pfungwa kuti haana kumusiira anyore virtuoso gitare kwokunyepedzera pamusoro Spanish dingindira. Capriccio Espagnol Munyori - Suite ichi, chine 5 zvikamu. Ivo, pasina yokumbozorora, uye anotiratidza mufananidzo woupenyu uye hunhu muSpain, wake mazororo uye zvavo vatambi. Capriccio - chimedu kuti kwaya chete vachinje matauriro uye kunyatsosarudza kuti melodic mapatani. Chikamu chokutanga - "Alborada" - inobva Serbian nziyo uye anogamuchira pakubuda mangwanani zuva. Pashure kumbomira, uende "Variations" rechipiri chikamu. Vari inobva panguva manheru nokutamba, iro rinopedzisa zuva Asturias. Melody ane hunhu yomufundisi, asi zvino anotanga kuridza zvinesimba, raida, uye zvishoma nezvishoma aserera. Chetatu muteereri anodzokera wokutanga musoro - "Alborada". Asi ruzha zvino zvikuru kwakajeka uye simba. Chikamu chechina - a vaneshungu maGypsy rwiyo-kutamba. hwamanda yayo wakazaruka uye ngoma, uye ipapo umutendeutsire Solo gitare, nenyere, klarinetti nembira. All akapedza chitsamwatsamwa wechigypsy kutamba. Chikamu chokupedzisira yechishanu - "fandago pakati Asturias" - kuteererwa yose kwaya, asi pakarepo akanzwa trombones. Ichi chikuru uye kukurumidza, kunokanganisa simba uye noukuru kutamba. Munyori anodzokera nyaya chetatu, uye bumbiro remitemo inodzokorora kutanga - unonakidza zvakasimba kwazvo, chisimba Alborada.

storyteller huru

Kubvira 1895 pfungwa munyori wacho nguva dzose kuna nakisisa uye zvinoshamisa misoro. Implementation wavo, iye chinotanga inofadza zvakaedza Gogol Vakula uye capricious runako Mirochka. Saka pane "The Night Christmas Before." Opera chakaumbwa sezvo tarenda ngano, umo Nikolai Andreyevich yaisanganisira zvakawanda zvishandiswezve Christmas carols. Ivo kusimbisa zvinhu kuti anopa upenyu Little Russian musha yechokwadi. Overture wokutanga chiito pakarepo immerses muteereri ari wokuUkraine chena chando usiku. Kwemanzwiro, iyo azara mabasa mana, dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana mutambi. Bright uye chinofadza dhiyabhorosi Solokha wakajeka mukomana Solokha - neKubhi, musoro uye Sexton. Akaoma n'anga Patsyuk. In chiito rechina muupenyu mifananidzo ane enyambo mataurire, yaiteverwa pamwe lyrical. Uye yokupedzisira korasi mazwi simba "Kuyeuka Gogol."

Novgorod yakakura

Kana apedza, Nikolai Andreyevich pakarepo pakuri 1895 chinobviswa sezvichakurukurwa basa. Zvino iye kunyudzwa zvakazara munyika Nordic epics. Fantastic zvemumba yakakura vanhu Russian zvinoratidzwa zvinotevera dhanzi. Musoro akatotanga dzakabudirira chikero itsva, iyo ichange kumupa nakisisa cup kurira. Inspiration anotanga kunyora dhanzi "Sadko". Rimsky-Korsakov vakaramba kubudikidza kupesana mukati mabasa uye interludes, kusvika ayo mifananidzo nomwe. Munyori vakaedza pave yakakura kubva kumeso nokubuda chiito, waiva kuyeuka mweya achabatira yakakura dzechembere. It chinotanga hwakakura hwomukova kwaya, zvinopa mufananidzo penyanza-Sea. mufananidzo wokutanga - hombe choral mifananidzo kuti kuchipera Clowns ayo akatamba. The Chiitiko chechipiri inoitika pamhenderekedzo Lake Ilmen, apo zvivi Sadko uye Princess Volkhov. Rudo rwavo Duet anouya pakati Zvisaririra kumativi kutamba nziyo vasungwa pasi pemvura umambo. The mufananidzo wechitatu unoratidza kutambura vakasiya Lyubava. Her recitative uye aria akazadzwa yakadzika kusuruvara. In zvaiitika rechina kunoitika pachiteshi chengarava yakafara chiito. Choir anogadzirira chitarisiko Sadko uye Viking Guest pamwe murume rwiyo rwake, Indian uye Vedenetskogo vakokwa. Uye pakupedzisira, Sadko anoimba munhu Russian rwiyo yakakura uye kuverengera kuti zvose ezvamakaunganidza. The mufananidzo chechina rinopera vakawanda vachifara. Rechishanu nerechitanhatu mifananidzo dzinoratidzira mimhanzi zvinoreva gungwa-gungwa.
Sadko akaimba chiedza nziyo dzokurumbidza "Gungwa Blue menacingly zvikuru." Anotora mbira, uye ivo vaende vose nenzira exuberant vachitamba. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, dutu akasimuka pamusoro pegungwa, uye akatanga kunyura ngarava. Starchische-gamba anogogodza rudimbwa pana Sadko, uye ake wamambo, uye Volkhov anotuma kuna Novgorod. Kwokupedzisira mufananidzo uri rudo yokuoneka Volkhova izvo mukangodzoka murwizi, pamwe weSADC, uye musangano rake wake Lyubava. Ruzha ratichaita Duet. A korasi simba paanopedzisa dhanzi. All nziyo kubwinya Sadko, Rwizi Volkhov uye yebhuruu gungwa-munyanza. "Sadko" Rinowanikwawo ayo mazita akawanda executable mabasa. Rimsky-Korsakov, Glinka sezvo akaratidza zvizere mariri Russian zvavo maitiro. Uye chii chinonyanya chinosiyanisa dhanzi iyi akatevedzana yose, rakanyorwa Nikolaem Andreevichem - saka zviri ane paakaita recitative.

Vocal mabasa

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov wake upenyu rokusika rave akasika choral mabasa uye nziyo. Zvavo zvakanyorwa pamusoro masere. Asi zvino isu pfungwa dzedu kuti chigadzirwa yomukati - rokumabvazuva dzorudo ( "varanda neDare Rose neGwenhure"), yakasimbiswa pamusoro pamashoko A. Koltsov. Nderake munyori yokutanga ruzivo mumunda uyu. Iri languid elegiac basa. The rwiyo ake manyoro uye vakasununguka chimiro. Sokuti pane chinhu improvisation. Piyano chikamu kuona hunhu waro, chinoda Vocal expressiveness murugwaro zvinotaura. In akazotevera mabasa akava hwaro nokuda Vocal, waiva whimsically piyano kuenderana.

mhedziso

Rimsky-Korsakov akasiya nhaka yakakura. Asi unhu hwake zvizere muna operas. Vanoratidza rudo rwake vanoshingaira kuti National unhu Russian hunhu, nhoroondo uye upenyu vanhu, pfungwa dzake enhetembo uye tsika. Nokuti okupedzisira nguva okugadzira zvinhu rinoreva Drama ngano "Legend of Asingaoneki muGuta Kitezh", iro rinotaura pamusoro zviitiko Tartar nechisimba, uye satire-ngano "The Golden Cockerel", izvo akabvuma echimurenga zviitiko 1905.

Munyori akafa muna 1908 uye akavigwa St. Petersburg.