Mumaturi Second World War - Soviet Union uye German. Kushandisa dhaka muHondo Yenyika II. "Katyusha" - World War II dhaka

Mumaturi Hondo Yenyika II vaiva muedzo atirari chombo inokwanisa akauraya refu uye pfupi marefu, chero muvengi vachiridzira pfungwa. Nokuda kwayo zvombo zvakasiyana siyana caliber dhaka zvivako, anorwisana mapato aizokwanisa kubata chero yetsiva mabasa.

Nhoroondo zvombo zvehondo

Kare muna 1904 panguva kudzivirira Port Arthur vakuru Russian S. uye L. Vlasevym Gotyabo akasikwa kujairika atirari pfuti ine pfupi mudhiramu muchimiro kumicheto. 47-mm wengarava pfuti yakanyorerwa chubvu moto pamusoro muvengi kunangwa. Range kuti kutiza ane nzvimbo yakadaro muduku, 400-500 chete mamita.

Papera mumaturi First Hondo Yenyika yakashandiswa sechinhu nzira inobudirira mugoronga muhondo. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, chinhu yepamusoro kuvamba rava chombo anotyisa. Mumaturi Hondo Yenyika II akaunza dambudziko kune masoja eGermany.

Modern chimiro dhaka kwakakonzerwa wekutanga mharidzo Stokes mapurani. Izvi nyere-hunde pamusoro chacho bipedal kutsigirwa patambo sandara simbi yairema iyo damps kunze pena muvhu.

In makore mashomanana asati hondo pamwe Germany, hurumende yeSoviet yave nezvekutanga rinopikisa vakawanda kugadzirwa chipa uye nyore yokuzvigadzirisa atirari pfuti, muchitenda kuti ichatsiva zvinoverengeka atirari zvombo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hazvina yambomiswa kugadzirwa otomatiki girinedhi launcher Taubina kuti kana tactical bvunzo muna 1937 wakadzikwa pacharo sezvo chakanakisisa rwisana inoshandisa dzidziso kutaipa zvombo.

Dhaka-nefoshoro caliber 37mm

Muna 1938, kunyanya nokuti vaifamba zviumbu dzakabudirira lightweight dhaka 37mm caliber. Munyori kurwa chikwata raiva M. G. Dyakonov, yakakurumbira Mugadziri zvinoputika uye zvombo kuti atirari. Uyezve, havana kunge vakava: girinedhi RGD-33 kwepfuti girinedhi.

In munda ezvinhu, 37-mm dhaka anogona kuenzaniswa akangofananawo nefoshoro. Shooting iyi mhando chombo yakaitwa Kurogane wangu. Rubhabhatidzo moto dhaka Dyakonova akagamuchira kuFinland pamushandirapamwe.

Zvinosuruvarisa, kuwanda uye kururama zvombo izvi akasiya zvakawanda anodikamwa. Nokuda yakaderera kunyatsoshanda 37-caliber dhaka, kwakasarudzwa kuti danho panze uye kubviswa Red Army. Asi upenyu akasarudza zvakasiyana. Kushandiswa mumaturi Munyika Second War 37 mm caliber akawana kushanda kwayo. Wechando 1942, nemhaka yokutsigira moto mumaturi Dyakonova, paratroopers ari 4th Air Corps vakabudirira parachuted muna Vyazma nzvimbo muguta.

The waivako zvinoitwa mumaturi caliber 37:

• Caliber pfuti - 37 mm.
• Weight - 2.4 makirogiramu.
• Airspeed zvimbambaira - 65-70 m / s.
• Minimum Range - mamita 60.
• The siyana kunonyanyisa ndege yangu - mamita 250.
• Projectile uremu (zvimbambaira) - 0.5 makirogiramu.

Dhaka kambani mukuru nyaya muna 1938 uye 1940. (Caliber 50 mm)

Serial kweShanduro atirari kwakatangwa Soviet kudzivirira bhizimisi muna 1939. The yokuvaka ndiyo experimental kugadzirwa Bureau, inotungamirwa B. I. Shavyrinym. Schematically, nedhaka hwakarongwa pamusoro zvekufungidzira Triangle. The dhiramu nenyere moto monitors uye bipod ane vachisimudza mashandiro akanga rumwe rutivi, triangle ichi, uye bato wechitatu waiva zvekufungidzira mutsetse pakati rutsigiro uye pfuti ngoro.

Features mukuru wekambani dhaka 50mm caliber kubva 1938:

• Caliber - 50 mm.
• Weight - 17 makirogiramu.
• Airspeed zvimbambaira - mamita 95 / s.
• The kunonyanyisa siyana bara - 800 m.
• Rate - 32 kwepfuti paminiti.
• Projectile uremu (zvimbambaira) - 0,85 makirogiramu.

Mune ramangwana, magadzirirwo kwave nani muna KB VN Shamarina. Uye muna 1940, yakabudiswa itsva shanduro 50-mm dhaka marongero. Muna June 22, 1941 50-mm dhaka pfuti vava rakakurumbira Red Army, nhamba yavo yakasvika vanenge mamiriyoni 24 dzakabatana. Kunyanya dzakakurumbira mumaturi izvi Second World War haana kushandisa.

Pakazopera 1943 zvishoma dzakabatana nemauto akashandisa kwakadai chombo. Chikonzero ndechokuti munhu diki zvakawanda moto zvasvika mamita 800 chete kure, zvaakatadzisa dhaka Masvomhu sezvo pedyo sezvinobvira mafungiro muvengi. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, dzakabatana uto akatambura vakawanda vanotambura. Kunyanya yakakurumbira mhando iyi dope zvaishandiswa kugadzwa guerrillas, uyo kusvikira pakuguma hondo yaishandiswa kwayo zvombo.

Rechiuto 82 mm dhaka

Muna 1936 kwave vagamuchirwa ne Red Army dhaka setup yakatanga panguva Leningrad SKB-4, vachitungamirirwa Di Shavyrina. Kubhabhatidzwa kwake remoto 82-millimeter dhaka rakaitirwa panguva hondo musi Khalkhin-, akaratidza pacharo somunhu yakavimbika chombo remauto vanokwanisa kurova muvengi huru panguva zvenguva refu. Mune ramangwana, izvi atirari zvidimbu vakanga modernized.

Somuenzaniso, shanduro itsva 82-mm dhaka akazviratidza gore negore kushandiswa zvose zvehondo. mumaturi izvi WWII akashumira kwemakore akawanda kuuya. Kana uto mashandiro mauto eSoviet kwete pasina zvombo izvi.

Kunobudirira kushandiswa mumaturi muna Second World War caliber izvi zvaireva kuti vava kumumvuri munhu lightweight shanduro dhaka "tireyi" dzokuenzanisira muna 1981.

zvombo Wehrmacht

German Hondo Yenyika II yezvimbambaira kuti mumaturi zvakagadzirwa calibres siyana, sezvo kurwisana zvombo dhaka Wehrmacht zvinomera aiva mashoma okunatsiridza - 50-mm uye 81-mm ivhu 1936 uye 1932 azvaitwa.

Nokuti vamwe nokurondedzerwa mumaturi Wehrmacht rinopfuura vazvo Soviet. Hazvina kubatsira mauto eGermany kuita ayo chikuru basa - kuhwina hondo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti atora Hondo Yenyika German II mumaturi caliber 81 vakashandiswa hondo eSoviet, uye pashure kukunda. Panzira, kusvika 1955.

Rocket mumaturi WWII

Chokwadi chokuti Red Army, paiva kumboitika simba zvombo, vanhu vokuGermany vakadzidza pakutanga hondo.

First rwisana chikwata ndege mumaturi pasi Captain Flerov akabata hombe kurwadzisa kuna nodal Orsha yemapurisa July 14, 1941. Maererano uchapupu pevachapona vaNazi, kuchiteshi mhesano akawira munhu firestorm chaiyo. ndege rongedza mumaturi akarova hakusi anoshongwa, uye makazara incendiary. Vakuru German uye varwi vakapisa pasi pasi petsoka dzavo.

Mukurumbira yakakurumbira "Katyusha" pakarepo kupararira mhiri mberi. Takaziva nezvazvo uye shure. Gurukota nokuti mumaturi Second World War akaita yose nyika. Single Mashoko yose vakawanda raiva: "Zvose nokuda mberi, zvose kukunda."

Secret "Katyusha" - World War II dhaka

Nokutonga rezita Guards mumaturi - akavanzika payakatora yetsiva nzvimbo. Movement chete shongwe ekunze kana usiku, kuti muvengi vasingagoni kuona. On kwezvakatipoteredza nyaya sezvo zvaifungwa. motokari imwe neimwe yakanga mined, kuchangotanga kutyisidzira kubatwa chirimwa vanofanira putika. Yakanga mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mukuru akafa Flyorova bhatiri pamwe mutungamiriri wavo.

Muna 1942, vanhu vokuGermany achiri vakakwanisa kubata munhu kurwa muchina, asi chombo, se "Katyusha", havana kubudirira. Soviet muchiuto indasitiri inongogara kuwedzera kugadzirwa reactive mumaturi.

omubatanidzwa Help

Kutanga muna 1943 Soviet chitundumuseremusere mumaturi Hondo Yenyika II, yakaiswa kwete chete pane mumhuri rori zis-6 Crawler tarakita STZ-5, asi akagamuchira pasi Zvipire-Lease-mugwagwa motokari "Ford", "Austin" uye "Studebaker." Rakagadzirirwa "Katyusha" uye zvombo zvitsva.

Kunyanya, chitundumuseremusere launchers akapiwa hombe 300-millimeter anoshongwa. Vakanga aiendeswa rakavakirwa kuzvidzivirira hurongwa. Kazhinji, "Katyusha" yakarova dzinoungana. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva apo launchers aifanira zvimwe zvinangwa.

Hondo iri mumaguta marongero

Somuenzaniso, munguva Vistula-zvaigumbura kupaza 8-mita masvingo Poznanskaya wenhare akapomera yakakwirira simba projectiles launchers akakungurutsa akabuda zvakananga moto. Vachiridzira siyana "Katyusha" aiva mana nehafu makiromita, uye panguva-varara zvenguva - chete chete. Shooting uri kure duku raiva hazvitomboiti.

Kunyange zvakadaro, varindi-minomotchiki akakwanisa kuchinja chombo chake simba kurwa mumigwagwa. Kubva Moscow kuna Berlin Guards "Katyusha" - muduri Hondo Yenyika II - rave achishingaira chikamu pakuvhiya zvose zvehondo.

Pakazopera hondo yaiva BM-13 zvombo zvinoparadza. Wokutanga sarupu mukuru Great Patriotic War yaiva August 1943, pashure kusunungurwa Orel uye Belgorod. Akava ungira pamusoro volleys ose "Katyusha" wokutanga July 1941.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Zvinozivikanwa kuti mumaturi sezvo Second World War kwete chete kuparadzwa pasi kunangwa.

Muna 1942, panguva kudzivirira Sevastopol Junior refutenendi Vladimir Simonok zvakananga raparadza kubva 82 mm dhaka kupfurwa pasi "Junkers" pasi zvinobhururuka German pamusoro nzvimbo nemauto eSoviet. Raiva chiitiko chete Kukuru Patriotic War, kana muduri akarova kukarukureta dzedenga muvengi muchina. Panguva iyi naka bara refutenendi Vladimir Polikarpovich Simonku paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union. Zvinosuruvarisa, mutevedzeri akaurayiwa chete 1942, achidzivirira Sevastopol.

hondo Statistics

Zvinofadza kuenzanisa, vari kuwanda mumaturi Soviet Hondo Yenyika II yakapiwa, zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika. Saka nhamba:

• United States kusunungurwa nguva kubva July 1940 kusvika July 1945 zvuru 111 vamapoka rechiuto michina.
• British kudzivirira indasitiri nguva dzose, uye izvi 1939-1944 gg., Rinopihwa atirari zvombo 97 zviuru mukirasi iyi.
• Germany kubvira pakutanga 1941 uye kusvikira mid-1944 akakwanisa kushongedzera uto raro anenge zviuru 70 dhaka miti.
• The Soviet Union kubva 1 July 1941 kusvika 30 June 1945 akaita 348 000 dhaka pfuti kuti calibers siyana.

Izvi nenhamba zvinoratidza kuti mumaturi Soviet Hondo Yenyika II, vaiva dzakakurumbira chaizvo uye akaita nomupiro chaizvo kuti kukunda Nazi Germany.