Mitemo inonyaradza "dhimoni" uye "kwete." Chiperengo inonyaradza "pasina" uye "dhiyabhorosi"

Chiperengo kusava prefixes (magumo), yakafanira (kushandiswa) yakagadzirirwa (kuparadzirwa), pasi (nis-) vz- (vs-), wose (va-) through- (cheres-) It ichakurukurwa munyaya ino. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti netsamba "c" uye "z" tine zviperengo zvakasiyana zvakafanana morpheme. Kutaura zvazviri, akadai sokuti "NDIYE" uye "kunze" anoreva zvakafanana: sangano panze. Naizvozvo, kunyaradzana, vanongova vaviri dzakasiyana ayo.

The Kazhinji kunyora "H" uye "c" iri prefixes

Paainyorera "H" uye "c" umo Kazhinji sezvinotevera: "H" zvakanyorwa panoperera ari morpheme inotifadza, kana rinotevera kunyaradza kana mudzi chinotanga vataura nzvanyira kana ane nzvanyira; uye "c" - pamberi rinyerere nzvanyira. mutoo uyu ndiyo nyore nzira nomusoro sezvinotevera: anodana kubva yokuridza, matsi matsi. Kunyange zvazvo mashoko aya rakarurama zvisiri kushandisa izwi zvishoma, zviri nyore kuyeuka, uye kuti kudzidzira zviri nyore kushandisa. Pfungwa iyi inoreva, kunyanya, chiperengo prefixes "pasina" uye "dhiyabhorosi". Mutemo unoshanda zvose dziri kwokutanga munyaya ino morpheme.

Yeuka kuti emakonzonendi vari matsi, uye chii - sonorous

Ezita emakonzonendi nokuda variability ari mashoko yakatarwa-pamusoro mabhokisi. [C] rinyerere emakonzonendi asati ataura uye zvakanyorwa "ne", uye [H] - pamberi kudanwa, uyewo mavhawero, uye zvakanyorwa "z". Panoperera yakatarwa-pamusoro bhokisi kana Audio ozvonchaetsya Akahadzika kufurirwa pedyo mavhawero kana nemavara.

Haugoni kushandisa izvi mitemo prefixes (kusava uye magumo), kana iwe hauzivi kuti tsamba vari mune nemavara, uye chii - matsi. Vazhinji vanotenda Somuenzaniso, kuti "Q" rinoreva vataura inzwi. Uye haasi masanga. Iye zvechokwadi zvinoita zvishoma kwazvo dzimwe rinyerere nemavara, asi vakaisa zvimiti munzeve. Vataura emakonzonendi - ndiye "p", "n", "M", "Jehovha", "d", "H", "g", "d", "g", "munhu", "b". Matsi - "E", "H", "Ini", "X", "s", "hove dzakawanda", "t", "kuti" f "," n ".

Mienzaniso wokushandiswa vakawanda mitemo

Mienzaniso inotevera mugumisiro. "Risina makore" Rinopereterwa ane "z", sezvo iri tsamba pamberi nzvanyira. "Maturo" - with "c", sezvazvakaita mune nzvimbo pamberi matsi. "Shingirira" - "H" zvakanyorwa sezvo riri pamberi runhare. "Kusvina" - "munhu" pamberi matsi. "Scratched" - chetezvo. "Ipai" - "H" iri nzvimbo pamberi bhero. "Kunowisira" - chetezvo.

Yeuka mashoko aya ari kunyora izvo kazhinji vanokanganisa: ndikamumara, shata, utsinye, upenyu, maitiro, mafungiro, chinyararire, ispodnizu, wakatsamwa, kuti kunyangarika, zvakare.

Sei uye kana kwaiva mutemo uyu?

Izvi Kazhinji kunoitika kubva phonetic kunyora musimboti. Phonetic chiperengo musimboti kunoda, maererano madudzirwo. Chokwadi, iye omurume kupembedza chiperengo mamwe mashoko uye nezvimiro, makasimbiswa nomuzvarirwo, panguva kuda, tisina nevakawanda mitemo.

Kokutanga prefixes chiperengo mitemo "dhiyabhorosi" uye "kwete", "rudzi" uye "nguva" uye vamwe. Vaiva akagadzira muna 1755 mu "Russian girama" Mikhail Lomonosov.

Zvisinei, Mikhail, basa rake, akanyora "Ndinofunga", kureva siya rusununguko rwokusarudza chizvarwa mutauri. Hongu, uye haisi nguva dzose vakanamatira musimboti ichi. Naizvozvo, kazhinji pedyo kuguma remakore rechi19 kwave kurumbidzwaka uku. Inonyaradza vanhu zvakanyorwa pasina mitemo, "achisarudza" rakanzwikwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, paiva tsika pachako mhosva stun kunyora "c", uye vanenge kutaura - "H".

Uchishandisa kunyaradzana ne "H" uye "c" muzana remakore rechi19

Philologists remakore rechi19 pamwe kukura wokutanga chiperengo mitemo akasuma zvinotevera yairambidzwa: "pakapfava chrez- uye asina kunyorwa nguva dzose kuburikidza" H "," chrezpolosny, "" dzinozviitikira "," Bezpieczne "The zororo (kuparadzirwa, ani naani, yakakodzera pakati vamwe. ) 's "chitoro mberi" ne "uye vataura nemavara, uye dzinofanira kunyorwa pamberi rinyerere" s ":" razskaz "," kubvisa "kugarira pachake", "kuchema", "uya". Sezvaunogona kuona, yava zvokuvapfuura kuyeuka kana nokunyaradza zvinofanira kushandiswa "z". Taifanira kunyora zvakasiyana pane kunzwa. Kazhinji, ari musimboti ichi haina kutora nguva refu. Yakaitika muna 1918, ari kuchinja kwayo mutauro zvikuru nyore Russian.

nadzurudzo Lunacharsky

Kweanenge makore zana haisi kuramba gakava pamusoro kunyora chivakashure haana (magumo), nguva apo Lunacharsky muna 1921 mumutauro wokuRussia kuzozivisa chivakashure "dhimoni." Kwakasarudzwa kuti uzvinyore maererano phonetic musimboti (anodana kubva yokuridza, uye matsi matsi). mumwe chete shanduro (haana) akavapo pamberi kuchinja. Vamwe yakatarwa-pamusoro bhokisi, iro kunoguma mu "s" uye "z", vave kakawanda, pakazosvika nguva akatorwa kunyora nzira isu vakajaira nhasi.

Gakava ndechokuti ari chivakashure magumo rakaenderana rokuti "dhiyabhorosi." Vanopikisa kuchinja vanodavira kuti ayo sumo akanga vakabvuma mumutauro Russian nemadhimoni kuti zvechokwadi achaparadza Orthodoxy uye yose vanhu Russian. Naizvozvo, zvinokosha kuti kuchinja chiperengo prefixes "pasina" uye "dhiyabhorosi". Zvisinei, mutemo uyu, zvave kumativi kwerinenge remakore.

Uyewo achinja panguva zvinhu izvi, achinyora tipiwe-pamusoro bhokisi - through- (cheres-). Pakanga chete shanduro mumwe kuna Lunacharsky kuchinja (Photo zvinonzi pasi apa), uye shoko "wo" vanhu iyoyo se "kunyanyokwidziridzwa".

Nhoroondo kushandiswa chivakashure haana (haaperi)

Nokuti Russian kuziva zvakanga pakutanga chinoshamisa kuti vaviri zvokusarudza ndiyo chivakashure haana uye hakugumi. The Kutonga ndiko nezvairehwa zvose zvakafanana nokukurumidza vakanaka. Chikonzero chaiva chokuti kuRussia, yakanga iri nguva pakatanga ari kuchinja zvinhu "vasina kudzidza" havana yaizivikanwa vakawanda vaiva chiperengo mitemo. Vanhu asi zvino hapana kuita asi chete kuzvigamuchira uye kudzidza nemitemo yakatarwa-pamusoro mabhokisi ane uye kusava, through- uye cheres- uye nevamwe. Zvisinei, vakawanda mumakore anouya, vaidavira kuti ndiwedzere uyu akatanga zvakananga kuti arumbidze uye kurumbidza zvakaipa simba, ndiko kuti, dhiabhorosi. Asi vakachenjera akwegura shoko kuti haugoni kudana zita rake zvinonzwika, zvimwe zvichaita kuuya kwamuri. In vanhu, kuti agare kunyatsochengeta nouchenjeri ichi. Akanga ari chavanoziva sandara, hurukuro tsika, mwero kutaura.

Haaperi pamusoro haana

Zvichida achinyengera ndiye chivakashure chivakashure haana uye magumo mumutauro weRussia. Kazhinji kunosanganisira kaviri kushandiswa kwayo, izvo yekudyidzana anochinja zvinoreva mamwe mashoko. Chaizvoizvo sokuti kutanga kurumbidza kuchena, kana tikafunga zvinhu zvinotevera cognates akafanana dvukorennye: "dzoutsinye," "nekuzvipira" "mbeveve," "kusanyara", "anonyadzisa", "asingabatsiri".

Vamwe vamiririri vakuru vachiri nokungwarira kushandisa chivakashure kuti isingaperi risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi. Mumusha kuramba kutaura vazukuru nhasi mbuya: ". Usati kwaari haina kuchema dambudziko pamusoro wake"

Vamwe vanodavira kuti matambudziko aya putswa tsika dzakanaka, nheyo zvomudzimu ikazopiwa nokuda madzitateguru. Words pamwe chivakashure kuti magumo mukusaziva kunaka zvinoreva mweya, vanonzwisisa uye enshrined mune mashoko. Kunyange kana pakutanga zvichinje hazvina kuzivikanwa, vachiri chakasvitswa vateereri vavo vanzwe. Zvakaratidza kuwedzera ngetani pakufurira, entangle vose. Vamwe vanodavira kuti mumwe zvinokonzera mhirizhonga iri siyana akaturikidzana vokuparidzira ndiyo chaiyo chivakashure haana uye hakugumi. The Kutonga inofanira kushandurwa kuti kusarudza wechipiri yakanyangarika, ivo vanotenda.

Word-shifters

Vakaonekwa duramazwi rinonzi "Shoko-turncoats" With pakatanga maviri zvokusarudza tiri kufarira inonyaradza Morphology yomutauro wokuRussia. Ndiko, mumwe zvakanyorwa, uye akanzwa panguva imwecheteyo mumwe, nokungwaririra kunzwisisa sezvo wechitatu.

Muenzaniso unoshamisa umo mutemo iri rakatangwa kunyora chivakashure haana (magumo), raiva shoko "vakasununguka mikukutu", iro raireva chiperengo Old mutauro Russian asina mwoyo, utsinye murume. All vari mukati zvinoreva akanga akarurama - zvakajeka mhinduro vachiramba kupa inomunyaradza. Zvino ano shanduro yokunyora shoko iri rava "dzoutsinye", kureva kuti kuva nemwoyo dhiabhorosi, wakanaka uye nomutsa.

Mumutauro wedu, pane zvinonakidza shifters zhinji, panowanikwa iyo vakatsunga chiperengo prefixes kusava (magumo) (iripo kazhinji nhasi). Nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti izvi chete kutamba nemashoko, zvinongoitika. Zvisinei, vamwe vatinonamata vagari vanowanzomuitira kutenda kuti ichi chinhu akaronga kuita kuti kunetsa vanhu imwe. Vakakwanisa kuona izvi zvakawanda mifananidzo pakatadza pane mbiri zvokusarudza, iro zvino ane chivakashure: kusava uye hakugumi. Rule kunyora zvakatungamirira kuti pane mashoko akadaro.

"Neta" - pano kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kuzvitsinhanisa kuti vatungamirire subconscious yevanhu chechetere-pasina yakasimba hurumende kuti dhimoni.

"Maturo" - kuedza kuramba naye zvachose zvisingabatsiri.

"Vasingatyi" - kutsiva tsamba imwe, takaita mashoko akasimba kuti anoreva akashinga, ari kudana kutya wadhiabhorosi.

"Usina chinangwa" - isu tirambe pasina chinangwa uye kukudzwa, asi iye - uye vakazvitsaurira, uye vakatendeseka.

Pfungwa murume akava akadaro nemhaka yaitsiva imwe tsamba chivakashure, anova dziine tsvina, dzisingatarisiki chaizvo. Uye chete nemhaka yokuti pane mutemo yokunyora munhu ano chivakashure haana (magumo) mumutauro weRussia. Murume pasina chinangwa muupenyu, pasina kukudzwa, pasina tsitsi uye pasina nzira. Asi dhiabhorosi - rakasimba, akatendeseka nzira, iyo mune dzimwe nyika ino uye huchatonga vanhu. Saka chinokosha, sonorous kurira "H" akarasika simba navanhu pamberi "c" kuridza simba, sevamwe vomunyika yedu.

Kusawirirana kuti kazhinji kunyora chivakashure haana (magumo) mumutauro weRussia

The Kutonga ichiri zvimwe mubvunzo. Ivo kukwidza pre-echimurenga zvinyorwa. Muduramanzwi Dahl (asian ake anoratidzwa pazasi) Somuenzaniso, tinowana pachena kusiyana nemitemo mabhokisi yakatarwa-pamusoro dzisingaperi uye kusava zvetsika necheSalvic pfungwa maonero.

Zvisinei, chete kugadziriswa shanduro Lunacharskii mashoko ane zvose mumaduramazwi rokupedzisira remakore. Vamwe vanodavira kuti unopfuura achinja kukosha yakatarwa pavo, vachiita kusanzwisisana uye nokuvhiringidzika mumutauro weRussia. Rinoparadzwa kunyora chivakashure kusava, chizvarwa necheSalvic kuipandukira kunaka mufananidzo Rusich - simba, nokubwinya. Saka kana ari Chokwadi, zvino isu kashoma kuziva. Mitemo inonyaradza haaperi uye humwe hunoenzana achiri asina ramiswa, saka vanofanira kutevera, tichida kana kuti kwete. The penharo unoramba nhasi. Zvichakadaro, muzvikoro akadzidza ano chiperengo mitemo, kusanganisira musoro "The chivakashure kusava uye magumo mumutauro weRussia." Rule (Class 5 kekutanga vaimuziva) vanofanira hazvo kuteverwa kuti kunyora nounyanzvi.