Methanol: zvainoita womunhu kubudikidza inhalation, rubatsiro rwekutanga

Kusvibisa pamwe methanol uye panyaya iyi vanowanzova chinokonzera vakaremara uye rufu. Izvi zvinowanzoitika vanhu vari kushandiswa ukuparadze doro Sevamiririri uye regai kucherechedza musiyano pakati pavo. Ichokwadi, hapana anogona kuva ngozi kubva chenhando zvinogadzirwa kuti vanotengeswa muzvitoro, saka unofanira kuziva sei kuziva chepfu uye kuti nyaya iyi kutora.

mumuviri ehupfumi

Methanol chinhu Hauoneki mvura ane nekunhuhwira doro, nyore soluble mumvura. Inogona hwakakanyiwa zvinoita zvokufembedzwa, zvakadai benzene, acetone, dzimwe alcohols. Pamusoro kuonana mhepo musanganiswa anova putika, gumi Celsius yakakwana kuvesa kwakaitika. Inouraya dose vanhu ndiko 100 milliliters.

kugadzirwa

Zvebhizimisi chikero methanol zvinogona nzira dzakawanda. Fuma vakatanga kugamuchira pashure yakaoma DISTILLATION huni akabatana lignin, ipapo zvemichina inobereka doro nokuda manyowa of munyu pamwe formic asidhi pasi pokudzora dzakakwirira tembiricha. Kana zvava uneconomic, kwakasarudzwa kuti synthesize methanol kubva methane kubudikidza haasaruri oxidation payo. Zvino ichi chinangwa, carbon dioxide uye rehydrogen rine kuwedzera yemhangura-zingi tiwedzere.

kupora

methanol-zvigadzirwa zvikuru anosvibisa mhoteredzo. Mvura rinoshandiswa yokuzvinatsa kwayo uye DISTILLATION, saka zvakazara zvinokuvadza, kuti kunyange pashure akadzokorora filtration, kunayisa uye makemikari kucheneswa ichiripo kukodzera kuti kunwa. Naizvozvo, panguva iyoyo ndiko kukura methanol kugadzirwa michina ine Akanyatsovharwa loop. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mvura kushandiswazve, asi kwete batanidza sezvo zvoutachiona kana nemakemikari tsvina. Akapiwa dambudziko remvura yakachena paNyika, izvi zvingabatsira kuponesa zvinokosha zviwanikwa.

kushandiswa

Zvebhizimisi chikero methanol kushandiswa senzvimbo solvent kuti lacquers uye pendi, somunhu mbishi mashoko unozotevera namakemikari kurimwa sechinhu substrate nokuda medicaments. Ndiye chikamu antifreeze Urume. Vazhinji methanol zvaishandiswa pakugadzira formaldehyde sechinhu chirungiso kuti peturu, mukuwedzera, zviri kuwedzera huni Mujaho motokari uye motorbikes.

Vazhinji pefiyumu makambani vanoshandisa methanol kweShanduro zvinonhuhwira zvizhinji kuramba pakubika, asi ari Kishi dzakadaro hakubvumidzwi nemutemo pamusoro nevatengi kodzero. Uyezve, panguva gasi uye peturu zvigadzirwa uyewo kuwana kushandiswa methanol. Zvinokanganisawo munyu rakachengetedzwa pamusoro pamasvingo dzokubikira sepombi, nokudaro kuramba kukwanisa kwavo.

muviri

Typical zviratidzo kudhaka kunogona kuonekwa mukati paawa pashure achitora fuma, asi mune dzimwe vanhu zviratidzo varege anozviratidza kusvikira mazuva rimwe nehafu. Zvinonzi kukurumidza Wakanyura mudumbu, asi rinoita zvishoma nezvishoma zvokuti zvachose muviri mukati pavhiki. Kana zvikamu pakati mishonga duku, uturu anogona kuunganidza. Vanopfuura 70% of fuma unoratidzwa panguva kufema, pamwe vanenge vasina zvinokachidza anoora. The yasara 30% muna chiropa pashure neutralization kusiya muviri pamwe weti.

Action zviri methanol uye panyaya iyi mumuviri womunhu ari kutyora redox pezvakaitwa, zvichikonzera hypoxia uye acidosis. Izvi, zvinozoita inoenda kushayikwa kwemavhitaminzi C uye B1 uye kuwedzera kudhaka. alcohols aya semhosva neuro-vascular uye protoplasmic chepfu.

Mugumisiro kuona

Sokunge inhaled, uye kuti ingestion kuti methanol zvazvinoita chiratidzo anoramba inoparadza. The kukundwa of optic etsinga uye the retina vakachengeta vanenge rikwanise kudhaka uye chisingaperi chepfu. Pathophysiology vanodavira kuti izvi imhaka zvigadzirwa muviri kuti methanol. Ivo kudzivisa yakakwana oxidative phosphorylation ari the retina uye kunetesa paumbwe okisijeni-isina shuga. Kushayikwa zvinovaka muviri zvinokuvadza kuti nhengo wezvakaonekwa. Uyezve, methanol nemhute tsamwisa mucous, zvichitungamirira kuzvimba, edema uye kurwadziwa.

Inhalation

Chepfu chiutsi formaldehyde kashoma ane yakaisvonaka methanol. Action ne inhalation pamusoro womunhu muviri kunoitika mumatanho maviri. Pakutanga kunouya zvakaitwa omunzvimbo kutsamwa ari mucous uye pashure Absorção de Água kupinda muropa - systemic chepfu muviri. Clinical Zviratidzo sezvinotevera. Munhu wacho anonyunyuta kuti dzungu, kuda kurutsa, kunzwa mhute pamberi ake pameso nokuda kwazvo kudhaka. Uyezve, rinooneka akaderedza kutarisana acuity, marwadzo zvakarurama repamusoro quadrant. chepfu kwakadaro kazhinji chisingaperi pane chakasimba, nekuti simba kutsamwa rokumusoro kufema turakiti vanhu kuti usagunzva methanol.

Ingestion

Methanol zvaparadza muviri kakawanda richiratidzwa kushandisa denatured doro uye nemamwe makemikari. Nokuti ngozi yevanhu iri kunyange gumi milliliters izvi "chinwiwa", uye dose makumi matatu Rine mamiririta kunogona kuurayisa. Zvisinei, zvakafanana munhu anogona tinoita zvakasiyana methanol, kurishandisa zvachose kana refu zvikamu. Kazhinji vanhu vakachengeta cyanosis (kutendeukira zvitema), uye chisingawanzowaniki befu, zvinogoneka nokugwinha. Pulse iri speeded kumusoro, zvakaitwa vadzidzi kuti chiedza chisipo. Kakawanda, rufu kunoitika nokuda kufema kumbomira. Kana munhu anoziva, iye chema kurwadziwa mudumbu, flickering nhunzi pamberi, chiratidzo matambudziko. Kunyange kana murwere anogona kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, asi atadze kushanda zvakanaka chiropa uchitova kusingarapiki.

chisingaperi chepfu

Kana vakachengeta kuderera ruvara muchiratidzo, retinal atrophy, edema uye rufu optic tsinga hwakaipa zvakaitwa vadzidzi kuti chiedza anotikurudzira. Man anoneta nokukurumidza, kuwana kutemwa panguva yechipiri yezana zuva, pane kunyanya kushatirwa, tearfulness, uye mupfungwa lability. Kana inhaled kana kunwa zvinhu substantially dzisina methanol, zvainoita muviri womunhu achava chisanyanya kuoneka. It vacharatidza Zvakaunganidzwa tinnitus, kakawanda chikosoro, vangakosora nokuti pasina chikonzero, nomusoro, kutadza kuona zvakanaka.

Mugumisiro methanol paganda kwave insufficiently kudzidza. Izvi zvinowanzoita kunoitika panguva imwe chete chete inhalation pamusoro pamwando, saka kuti systemic kuratidzwa vakawanda pamusoro dzomunharaunda. Asi nyaya apo painter rakadeurwa solvent pacharo pamusoro zvipfeko neshangu. Pane shanduko, murume akaramba kushanda. Mazuva mashoma pashure chiitiko ichi, akanga ari bofu.

rwekutanga

Chokutanga, tinofanira kubvisa methanol. Action pamusoro womunhu (rubatsiro wokutanga inobva pathogenesis nomuchetura, saka unogona kunhonga mushonga) iri nomuchetura metabolic zvigadzirwa. Saka, uyo anopa mishonga, vanofanira kunonoka kana kudzivirira kwemutemo methanol kuti formaldehyde. Kuti aite izvi, kuti munhu gastric lavage kana zvinenge anoendeswa kuchipatara munguva maawa maviri okutanga. Plus, asi intravenous aizomupa ane 5% kubikira pasoda (1 fő) uye, pashure kugeza, zvakakodzera kuti kunwa chigadzikiso (4.2 litres). Kuti tirambe runodiwa nenhanho simba kune optic etsinga uye pfungwa jekiseni subcutaneously ne 500 ml 5% shuga. Kamwe ose hafu yeawa zvashata matanho anofanira kunwa mhinduro ine 5 g yavaibvisa hydroxide. Also kuratidzwa intravenous yavaibvisa lactate mhinduro, kusvikira 4 marita pazuva.

zvinhu zvose izvi zviri kuitwa nevanhu Hourly kudzora asidhi-chawo mamiriro ropa kwevari bicarbonate uye acidity kuti weti. Zvinokoshawo kuti kuongorora electrolyte pamwero uye kurigadziridza sezvinodiwa. Monitoring basa mwoyo runodiwa.

Panyaya iyi - imwe pfuma kuti neutralizes methanol. The chiito pamusoro womunhu muviri saka sokuti chiropa makemikari vachava "vakabatikana" kwakajairika oxidation panyaya iyi uye methanol kuramba kuchinja uye kusiya muviri pamwe patinofemera kunze mhepo weti uye. Kana kuzivikanwa kuti akuvara akagashira hombe dose pamusoro methyl doro, pakarepo dzakabatwa nomutsinga 5% ethyl doro mhinduro 5% shuga mhinduro pa mwero 1.5-2 g doro pa 1 kg nokushivirira uremu pazuva, nguva dzose vachiongorora wevasungwa panyaya iyi muropa, sezvo zviri nyore kubva zvinodhaka adzore kupinda muchetura.

Action methanol ndiyo pernicious kwete chete nokuda pakarepo chipfuro nhengo - kunokanganisa zvose hurongwa muviri. Naizvozvo, symptomatic kurapwa kunosanganisira okisijeni kurapa, CPR, ropa, zvinodhaka kuvandudza zvinovaka muviri mwoyo tsandanyama uye kuramba ayo excitability uye contractility. Kana murwere ane pfungwa kuchinja, zvino anopiwa kunyaradza. Muzviitiko, mumwe hemodialysis.

matanho

Pari, vakachengeteka nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuti kutsiva methanol Mazinga. Mugumisiro womunhu fuma iyi akapfuudza kunyatsoshanda kushandiswa kwayo. Pane imwe nzira muchimiro ethyl doro, chakaita zvokugadzirwa alcohols. Munzvimbo kunyanya ngozi varumbidzwa kupfeka gasi Masiki.

Action methanol pamunhu, sezvaungaona, kunaka. Kuitira kudzivirira vanhu kubva zvisingakoshi kuonana fuma iri rinofanira kushandiswa dzakananga Kunyora pamusoro mumidziyo yaiva nayo uye pachena zvinowanikwa zvokuvakisa, zvakadai lacquers, pendi vavo zvokufembedzwa. Mapaipi pamwe methanol kuti kupendwa iri rakakodzera ruvara, achinyevera vashandi pokugara uye zvaiita mabasa, nokuti chepfu kwete chete asiwo putika, kunyanya pedo yakakwirira voltage waya kana zvikwepa gasi, anowanzoshandurwa wakaisa pamwechete.

Pakupedzisira Ndinoda kukumbira avo, pasinei zvose, nguva dzose anoshandisa methanol: zvainoita muviri womunhu, ane zvose pakarepo uye zvishoma nezvishoma, uye hapana hakurevi kuti kana iwe kudzivisa chepfu kare, hazvizovi kubata nemwi ramangwana. Chenjera uye verenga pamapepa aya kunyatsoongorora!